Pasteur discovered the pure culture method of microorganisms: French scientist Pasteur, contribution: discovered that the real cause of fermentation is microorganisms, invented Pasteur disinfection method, overturned the theory of spontaneous occurrence of life, and invented a variety of vaccines.

Contribution of German scientist Koch: A set of scientific methods for identifying the relationship between specific diseases and specific microorganisms has been established.

Known as Koch's law, it invented the method of microbial solid culture.