(1) Preferred spouse: If possible, choose a spouse with matching blood type, harmonious personality, equal knowledge and appropriate age. In order to reduce the occurrence of genetic diseases, we should pay special attention to avoid marrying direct blood relatives or collateral blood relatives within three generations. In our daily life, we often meet cousins who get married with good feelings, so babies born in this way have a great risk of congenital genetic diseases. In addition, from a medical point of view, men in best age for marriage should be 25-27 years old, and women should be 23-25 years old, because best age for marriage is linked with the best childbearing age, and once married, it means it is possible to have children. According to statistics, if the newlyweds don't take contraceptive measures, more than 80% of women will get pregnant within one year after marriage. Getting married too early or too late also means having children too early or too late. Both are not conducive to giving birth to a smart and healthy child.
(2) Pre-marital check-up: both men and women have the opportunity to know each other's health status, know what diseases they have suffered, and have no clear medical history. So as to avoid the transmission of genetic diseases to future generations. At the same time, candidates can be educated on sexual knowledge, arranged after marriage and instructed on contraceptive methods. Doing so is conducive to the harmonious marriage of husband and wife, the establishment of a happy family and the health of future generations.
(3) Pre-pregnancy check-up: If both husband and wife have one of the following circumstances, please be sure to have a pre-pregnancy check-up. First of all, if the prospective wet nurse is over 30 years old, it is best to have a pre-pregnancy examination. Secondly, if the prospective nanny has never been vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine, it is best to have a pre-pregnancy check to see if there is hepatitis B antibody in the body. Third, if the prospective wet nurse has had a history of abortion, or a history of stillbirth or stillbirth, it is best to have a pre-pregnancy examination. Fourth, if one of the prospective nurses has a history of genetic diseases, such as familial genetic diseases or infectious diseases, it is best to have a pre-pregnancy examination. Fifth, if the prospective nanny is exposed to radioactive substances or the environment is harmful, it is best to have a pre-pregnancy examination. Sixth, if one of the prospective wet nurses has bad habits, such as smoking, drinking and taking drugs, it is necessary to have a pre-pregnancy check-up. Seventh, if you have raised small animals at home, it is best to have a pre-pregnancy check-up, especially if the prospective wet nurse needs to have a teratogenic check-up. [3]?
(4) Choose the best childbearing age: A large number of studies at home and abroad show that the period of vigorous vitality of young men and women is 25-29 years old. It is generally believed that this is the best age for childbirth. This is consistent with the China government's advocacy of late marriage and late childbearing. Premature childbirth, women's whole body organs, especially reproductive organs and pelvis, are still in the development stage and not yet fully mature. The extra burden of pregnancy and childbirth is not good for the health of mother and child, and it is likely to be dystocia or cause some complications and sequelae. If the child is born too late and over 35 years old, there will be some complications during pregnancy and delivery, such as uterine inertia, prolonged labor, abnormal birth canal and postpartum hemorrhage. In addition, after the age of 35, ovarian function begins to decline, which is easy to cause abortion, stillbirth and teratogenesis. At the same time, clinically, it is considered that the best reproductive age for men is 25-35 years old, because most men at this time are full of physical strength, energy, good health in all aspects, and sperm quality and activity are also the best period. With the increase of men's age, their sperm motility will gradually decrease, and the incidence of fetal congenital diseases caused by sperm-derived chromosomal mutation will also increase. It has been recognized by academic circles that sperm motility gradually decreases with the increase of male age.
(5) Prevention of pregnancy during the onset period: During the onset period, such as before the recovery of acute infectious diseases, one of the men and women should postpone pregnancy due to dysfunction of important organs or active period (such as severe heart, lung, liver and kidney diseases and active period of tuberculosis), especially when the woman is pregnant, the disease may increase the risk of congenital genetic diseases of pregnancy and the babies born. In addition, the complications of childbirth will also be unfavorable to the growth and development of the fetus. In addition, before the disease is cured, it is necessary to use drugs, such as sedatives, hormones, some antibiotics and sulfonamides, which may affect fetal development and teratogenesis. Parents' health is the foundation of the next generation of eugenics. Only when both husband and wife are in good health can we consider the issue of fertility.
(6) Receive genetic counseling to understand the health status of the fetus: Genetic counseling is the doctor's answer and guidance to genetic problems raised by genetic patients and their families. According to the information provided by patients and the examination results, doctors make scientific analysis, give the answers of etiology, genetic mode, treatment and prevention, and make judgments and suggestions on the possibility of their offspring getting sick. Therefore, anyone with a family history of genetic diseases, couples who have given birth to deformed children after the age of 35 and pregnant women should receive genetic counseling to prevent the birth of bad offspring.
(7) Do a good job in pregnancy care: achieve the best maternal health care of "clothing should be wide, taste should be light, travel should be slow, and living should be livable". Maintaining physical and mental health and paying attention to life conditioning can not only enable pregnant women to pass through pregnancy and childbirth smoothly, but also create a good environment for fetal growth and development. Therefore, during pregnancy, we should strengthen nutrition, combine work and rest, pay attention to personal hygiene, maintain a happy mood and control sexual life. In addition, it is still necessary to keep in mind the "four taboos during pregnancy": preventing infection; Alcohol and tobacco are strictly prohibited; Avoid contact with harmful substances; Never abuse drugs.
(8) Regular prenatal check-up: Through prenatal check-up, medical staff can master the pregnancy situation of pregnant women and carry out health care and prenatal consultation activities. In the prenatal examination, medical staff use routine and latest examination methods to monitor the fetal condition, so as to decide the future delivery mode and whether the pregnancy should be terminated, so as to avoid dystocia or the birth of deformed children, demented children and babies with serious birth defects. Regular prenatal check-ups usually begin after the sixth week of menopause, and first determine whether you are really pregnant. The second check-up was at 12 weeks of pregnancy, followed by/kloc-0 one month later. After 30 weeks of pregnancy, check twice a month, and after 36 weeks, check once a week/kloc-0. If abnormal conditions are found, you should receive prenatal examination at the time designated by the doctor.
(9) Maintain a good mood: The mood fluctuation of pregnant women will have a great impact on the fetus. According to clinical research, the emotional anxiety of pregnant women during 4~ 10 weeks of pregnancy may lead to fetal cleft lip and palate. Sudden changes in pregnant women's mental state, such as shock, fear, sadness or other causes of mental tension, can make the balance between cerebral cortex and internal organs out of balance, cause circulatory system dysfunction, lead to early placental abruption, and even cause fetal death. In addition, when the mood is uneasy, the number of fetal movements will be three times more than usual, or even 10 times as usual. For example, the fetus is restless for a long time and consumes too much physical strength, which is often about one kilogram lighter than the average baby at birth. For example, if a pregnant woman can't calm down within three weeks after quarreling with others, the number of fetal movements will double. Emotions during pregnancy have been suppressed for a long time, and babies often have physical dysfunction after birth, especially digestive system dysfunction. Moreover, the mother's emotional ups and downs will stimulate the nervous system to secrete different hormones, which will enter the fetus through the blood, thus affecting BB's physical and mental health.
References:
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