Shi Xiaoyou, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Nanchang, Jiangxi. The year of birth and death is unknown. Song Xiaozong was a scholar in the second year (1 166). Lyrics often use vulgar language to describe the love between men and women. The official career is not smooth, I don't envy wealth, and I live in seclusion between ravines. Shi Xiaoyou wrote "The Legacy of Jingu" and "Zhi Zhai Lu Shu Jie" and recorded one volume, while the Ming Dynasty's "Hundred Famous Ci Poems of Tang and Song Dynasties" was "Jingu Ci" and there was no volume. In the Ming Dynasty, Jigu Pavilion had a copy of Sixty Famous Song Poets and a printed copy of Sibu for use. Song Ci is in the Ji Gu Pavilion of Mao School.

Chinese name: Shi Xiaoyou.

Nationality: Southern Song Dynasty

Ethnic group: Han nationality

Occupation: poet

Main achievements: Jingu Ci (also known as the legacy of Jingu)

Representative works: Ruan Langgui, candle blowing blue and printing smoke.

Native place: Nanchang, Jiangxi

brief introduction

Shi Xiaoyou was famous for his love stories in the Song Dynasty. His love stories can be basically divided into elegant words and vulgar words, but elegant words are not enough to reflect the unique style of Shi Xiaoyou's love stories. The uniqueness of Shi Xiaoyou's love story lies in writing things in vulgar characters. Frank and natural. There are various ways of expression: the language is popular and the form is exquisite; Imitate the tone of the speaker and adopt the form of dialogue between men and women. This practice can be called taking pleasure as a word.

Appreciation of words

Bu operator

Shi Xiaoyou

Look at the dusk. It doesn't matter if you don't. Don't look hard or you can't see it, there will be no evidence in the future.

Go anyway. Live high's appearance. It should be difficult to walk, and it is difficult to pay at this time.

Appreciation of words

"How can I see it?" Sigh at the beginning of the sentence. Writing a word "yes" is like hearing a sigh. How about it? Tell me why. Why meet and hate each other late? The protagonist is a middleman. It is unreasonable and wonderful to know why, but not why. From then on, a heartfelt sigh and hatred showed the importance of their feelings and love. But I can also see how moved he is. Why is this? "Don't worry." Another sigh: Why are you in such a hurry to say goodbye? It turns out that the protagonist has just left now. What is in this sentence is also used as a solution. It goes without saying that when you lament why you said goodbye in a hurry, you two will forget yourself, but you won't feel that time flies and say goodbye in a blink of an eye. The last sentence refers to the past, and this sentence is now. "Don't be hard to see, hard to see" is a combination of the past and the present, suggesting that it is difficult to meet again in the future. Meeting each other is happy, leaving is sad, and their feelings are different. It is difficult to meet each other and say goodbye, and the same is true. It is difficult to use two words, which are well combined and have incisive meanings. The difficulty of parting is only because of the difficulty of two feelings, and the difficulty of meeting each other is for the disadvantages of personnel mistakes. Dual-purpose difficult words have different meanings and are intriguing. This is also difficult to see, pun intended, but also appreciated. Look, not only the first time, but also the second time. The context can be tested. It's not easy to fall in love at first sight-"How did you die when I saw you?" It is even harder to look at it again-"There will be no evidence in the future." There is no evidence after the meeting. By closing the sentence "How did you die when you saw it" and the sentence "I finally saw it", you can see that this love really has its own difficulties and pains. It is conceivable that the reason why the hero is in a good mood can't get what he wants is not subjective, but objective. In fact, although I hope that all lovers will be well, after all, it is impossible to be successful. In the last film, sighing after a brief encounter means talking about the past, sighing for parting, saying now, sighing again is groundless, and saying later. In this sigh, I have said the past, present and future of this love. Let's see how the poet writes his next film.

"How to walk, how to live", write the hesitation when pedestrians leave. The word "how" here is different from the usage in previous movies. Pedestrians can go, but how can they get there and be willing to go? But how can you be forced by the situation if you want to "live", that is, stay or not? It should be hard to live and hard to walk. This sentence is the same as the apposition in the previous film, and it is also a pen tied together. It is difficult to use two words in a sentence, which mean the same thing. The dual-purpose word "don't be hard to see" refers to different things. This point must be carefully understood. It is extremely important to write about parting feelings. However, I still wrote this feeling at the end of the sentence. I wrote it twice, and the pen never stopped. "It is difficult to pay now." This is the moment of parting. The distribution training was released, and the Song people spoke. It is hard to give, but it is hard to do. Since ancient times, feelings have hurt parting, and parting is the most sad. At this moment, there is no other way but to make a phone call. The lyrics came to an abrupt end at the climax, but the sound lingered for three days!

This word is innovative in art, and its conception, structure, language, voice and emotion are commendable. Let's talk about its intention first. Generally speaking, parting works are based on the exchange of scenes, describing parting scenes and depicting characters to contrast and render parting feelings. This word, however, jumped out of the normal state and found another way. It neither describes the scene nor depicts the characters, but simplifies the complex and shows the mentality of leaving people. So that all kinds of characters and scenes can be imagined by readers.

In the Qing Dynasty, Li's Poems in Yucun (Volume II) notes: "There is no specialty in words, but there is a teacher who has filial piety. The so-called' operator' is not a word, and it is romantic. " This is an accurate artistic judgment. The so-called line drawing is simple and clear with a pen, and there is no contrast rendering. Lyricism with a line drawing technique is the biggest feature of this word. The so-called romance without words means that you can't describe the scenes of characters with pen and ink, but readers can use it to experience associations.

In China's literature, the beauty of implication is not limited to Bi Xing's description of scenery, but can be seen in all kinds of lyricism, and this word is a proof. Its structure. The intonation of Bu operator is symmetrical and consistent, which makes full use of this feature and creates its lyric structure. The syntax of the upper and lower parts is exactly the same, so the whole structure has the beauty of rigorous antithesis. But the first part always writes about meeting each other, saying goodbye, then saying nothing, summing up the past, present and future, while the next part goes all out to write farewell, highlighting the most difficult moment to leave, making the whole song climax again and again, and then showing the flexibility of change in neat correspondence. Its language. The language of this word is pure spoken language. If you understand it, when you read it, you will hear its voice and meet its people. In particular, how to use four words, five difficult words and eight words to end with payment really shows the sadness, confusion and helplessness of the lover.

It can be said that the poet can use vernacular as his words. Finally, about his voice and feelings. The intonation of the word "no" consists of six five-character sentences and two seven-character sentences. The foot of the seven-character sentence is flat voice, and the five-character sentence is Ye Yun. The upper and lower two or seven sentences of this word all use difficult words as the foot of the sentence, and the whole word uses the disyllabic word Ye Yun. The three words "eight uses also", "how to use four uses" and "four difficult words" are all used in the same position in the appositive sentences. In this way, the neat sentence rhythm, prominent rhyme and repeated pronunciation constitute a musical movement with harmonious sound and emotion, tolerance in anger, agitation, sadness and repetition, which is actually the best carrier of sound and emotion because of its sadness and reluctance. This word can be unique and charming among many parting masterpieces, and it does have the mystery of its artistic originality.

As we all know, parting is an eternal theme in the history of China literature. Since the poem Li Yan, there have been thousands of excellent works describing the thoughts of parting. Nevertheless, after reading Shi Xiaoyou's Operator today, I still feel fresh and elegant, like a warm spring breeze, and I can't get tired of reading it.

Xi nu jiao

Shi Xiaoyou

I am already affectionate, and I am more passionate about you.

Put my heart and soul on you.

Do their best, they have bad hearts and are biased towards you.

* * * you.

The wind blows people up, just for you.

Old friend, you won't know until you are busy.

There is no future, who is like you.

Not good but famous, up to now, it's all because of you.

It is you.

I don't hate you either.

Appreciation of words

The creation of China's ancient ci mainly originated from the folk, and the word Shi Xiaoyou still maintains a close relationship with folk poetry. In addition, the poet's simple and natural artistic expression and carefree emotional expression make him more energetic and energetic.

This is a love story written on a wooden bridge. The whole sentence is simple and true.

At first glance, it seems that the lyric hero confides his love to each other. According to this understanding, it makes sense, but it's not much fun. Imagine if one party is eloquent and gushing; The other party is silent and all ears. What kind of lover is that? Understand carefully, this is a mutual dialogue between a couple. Among them, "you" is not the tone of the man referring to the woman, but the tone of the woman referring to the man, and the two are chatting with each other. Of course, unnecessary narrative language is omitted to meet the needs of text tone.

Try to break it down as follows: (male) I already have feelings, and I have more feelings for you. Put my heart and soul on you.

(female) Do your best (the old school called "do" is missing a word. This song is full of four words), bad-hearted, partial to you. * * * you. The wind blows people up, just for you.

An old friend will never know you if he is not busy.

(Female) No future, who is like you!

(Male) Bad but famous, up to now, it's all because of you.

(Female) It's you! Subtext: Your performance is disappointing. Can you blame me? )

I don't hate you either. (Star: A little. )

Judging from the dialogue, it is a language in which both men and women are in love. The man is obviously more active and the way to express his love is more straightforward; Women are a little reserved. Instead of saying it directly, they bypass the first floor, talk about the surrounding environment, and take advantage of the situation to show their attitude: despite what "they" are, "she" doesn't care. The adverbs of three degrees, such as "exhausted", "partial" and "only", fully show her rock-solid determination to pursue love, from which we can see her fortitude and courage. The word "bad" means "bad heart is biased towards you", which is an anti-training word. Such as Zhang's "Little Crimson Lips": "The crown shrinks in plastic, and Baochai has a double knot of gold thread. How to teach a better position, the eyes are very annoying, and the children are very inferior. " Eye annoyance, like eyes, is eyes. "Inferiority" is a beautiful image that women see in their eyes. This word means that he is the only one in her beautiful heart. "Wind attracts people, just for you", "Wind" is crazy, that is, obsessed: "Man" is a woman's self-assertion. Liu Yong's "Tang Jinchun": "I know this unintentional idea, treating people like leisure", because the woman laments that a fickle lover treats her like leisure, which can prove it. The self-proclaimed "Ren" is still used as "Ren Jia" in today's spoken English.

The next paragraph, blurting out an "old enemy", is vivid and appropriate. Calling lovers "enemies" is a common nickname in folk songs.

"Eternal life" is a past life, and it is more important to say that their love relationship is "predestined in the past life". The second volume of "Hui Feng Hua Ci" quoted Hang Wei Ji Tan, a poet of the Song Dynasty, saying: "The lyricist often takes' enemies' as objects. I didn't know what to say at first, and I didn't know what to say. After reading Fireworks, there is a cloud: "There are six enemies: deep affection, close relationship, death rather than disloyalty, and the so-called enemy is one. "I love you very much, but I swear by it, I see the intimacy of feelings." You will only know you when you are busy. This language reveals that men have some posturing behaviors. First, I want to please each other and say that I met you late. Secondly, I want to take this opportunity to show my extraordinary talent. The woman didn't buy it, deliberately sarcastically said, "There is no future, who is like you!" " "The man was obviously embarrassed, trying to save face and find a step. Unexpectedly, I was anxious to say that I didn't achieve fame, because I fell in love with you and was caught by that woman. The woman pretends to be angry, and the man seems to panic, and quickly confesses that he doesn't hate this at all. Naturally, the two got back together. This little dialogue is full of humor and dramatic effect, which can make people imagine the scene of men and women talking and has vivid artistic charm.

Judging from the dialogue between the lines, men and women have equal status. Both sides are in love, free to fall in love, unaffected by the outside world, unmoved by fortune, and life is full of affection and nothing vulgar.

From the structure of the word, the upper and lower pieces form an organic whole, only with the continuous development of feelings, there is no clear dividing line. The dialogue between characters is closely related to the process of psychological development, and there is no sense of rigidity and discomfort. In one go, emotions naturally flow into it.

Poetry is all about dialogue, and there are such examples in the Book of Songs, such as Qi Feng. Chicken crow, four sentences in one chapter, two sentences change a person's tone. The poet inherited this unique expression and absorbed artistic nutrition from real life, making this expression more perfect in the creation of ci. In this poem, the characters' language is not only colloquial and life-oriented, but also personalized, so that the inner world of the characters can be fully displayed; At the same time, the dialogue itself has a certain drama flavor, which enables readers to hear its voice and people who meet it have a strong flavor of life and folk songs.

Jin Mao, a member of Amin Dynasty, wrote in Shi Xiaoyou's The Legacy of the Golden Valley: "When I read The Collection of Jiangzhushan in my early years, I was glad that Qin Zhou was resurrected, but I was afraid that Snow White would be indifferent. Not only won the second place (Shi Xiaoyou's word), but also Jingu's legacy, such as Tea Bottle and Cherish Nv Jiao. It is light and elegant, and it does not fall into the vulgarity of' I wish grandma heart to heart' or the pile of' neon and misty, mixed mountains and colors'. Jiang Shengyao (Jie Jiang, Zhushan), the rest are unequal. " Light and delicate "refers to describing the love between men and women."

Fresh and delicate, beautiful and vivid, can grasp the fleeting emotional spark to express it, and the new words are wonderful, which can be annotated in four words. It shows that his writing is neither vulgar nor piled up. To sum up, that is: novel but not stale, natural but not artificial, popular but not vulgar, light handsome but not rigid, which is the characteristics of this word.

In Shi Xiaoyou's The Legacy of the Golden Valley, there are two poems "Cherish Nv Jiao". The original block-printed editions of Wanshu's Ci Law were all classified as "other collections" (later, the joint block-printed editions of Du Fu were deleted on the grounds of "inaccuracy" and "vulgarity"). This rhyme is one of the forms of wooden bridge, and the whole word is mortgaged by a word "you". It is not uncommon for predecessors to use the word "you" together, such as "complaining that you love you, hating you and cherishing you, and finally teaching people how to live" (Huang Tingjian's "Returning to the field for fun"), which generally refers to the same person, but the word Shi Xiaoyou can change with the times, and it is repetitive but not monotonous.

Langtaosha

Shi Xiaoyou

I hate this wind, urging me to break up! The boat blows like a fly. Why can't it blow? Be wind-resistant!

Not this ship, carrying acacia? If the ship is lonely and misses me _? Take everyone to sleep under the canopy, thanks to the wind!

Appreciation of words

This is a vulgar work, which is spread through two things: "wind" and "boat". The first two sentences are "unreasonable and affectionate" vernacular: "I hate this wind and urge me to part!" In fact, it was not the real wind that prompted him to break up with his lover, but he blamed the wind, which was just another expression of his "resentment and illness" (in the lyrics of "The West Chamber Farewell to Zhang Sheng" written by Cui Yingying Changting). Just as I can't sleep but complain that my pillow is crooked, this kind of one-liners of "speak frankly, speak frankly" actually contains unspeakable pain of parting. The following three sentences follow the "wind" and become more and more interesting: "The boat blows like a fly because the eyebrows can't move?"

Be wind-resistant! "It still complains about this" damn "and" wind ",but the meaning is more developed. Since you can blow the boat away like wings, why don't you blow my eyebrows away? What a nuisance (meaning "unbearable" and "hateful")! The knot between the eyebrows is due to the poet's own state of mind. As the saying goes, "heart disease still needs heart medicine." "The poet doesn't mean that he can't get rid of the distress of parting, but he hates the" wind "that has nothing to do with it. This is really incredible "strange language" and "fantastic ideas", and it is extremely painful to complain about others. People's feelings, every time they reach that depth, tend to change to some extent.

Shi Xiaoyou's words and expressions deliberately use this kind of "abnormal psychology" to express his distorted mentality tortured by deep sadness, and it has indeed received a good artistic effect.

The first part is mainly about "wind", and then about "boat". The next movie was written on the boat. "Not this ship, carrying acacia?" This is the first meaning. It means: if it is not such a big ship, how can I hold and bear this lovesickness? "Acacia tree" has no "weight" at all, so here it is exaggerated as a boulder in a visual way.

It goes without saying that only a boat can carry it, so "lovesickness" is "heavy" and "big". After "thanking" the boat for helping him bear the love of acacia, the author put forward new requirements for it: "If the boat misses me lonely _?" Take everyone to sleep under the tent. It means: "save people must be saved." Since you helped me bear the love of acacia, why not just do the good thing to the end! So, if you really miss my loneliness and worry, why don't you take that person (her) and sleep with me under a canopy? But it is not enough to rely on the "boat". We have to turn to Fengshen-ask it to blow a strange wind and fly her here from a distant shore. If so, thank you very much, so I said, "Thank you, Fenger"!

The passage of the whole poem first blames the wind, then thanks the boat, then looks for the wind with the boat as the center, and finally thanks the wind, which is full of twists and turns, vividly showing the poet's complicated mood on the way to leave: the pain of "worrying about an arrow when parting at the first time" (Zhou Bangyan's "Warrior Lan Ling"), and the second time "moths grow on the road" (here is just a person's eyebrows). The first two layers of thoughts were written by predecessors a long time ago, but Shi Xiaoyou changed his writing style, and the third layer was his "creation". This bold and strange fantasy is probably related to his acceptance of the influence of folk characters. For example, there are many strange imaginations in Dunhuang ci, such as "I want to rest before the pillow, and I want to rest until the green hills rot, and the scales float on the water until the Yellow River dries up completely", "The night is getting stronger and stronger, and blowing away the clouds around the moon is a slave to see the ungrateful people", and so on.

As we all know, when describing the feelings of parting, ordinary literati especially like to use gorgeous words such as "Baqiao Ada", "Changting Cao Fang", "Light Embroidery Pavilion" and "Lang Ping is hard to stay". That is to say, like Shi Xiaoyou himself, he also wrote, "I immediately admire Guandu, and I am deeply touched." . Looking back on "Yun Lan lost its cave, cuckoo sang the sunset" (Golden Gate) and other "elegant words". However, this poem "Langtaosha" is contrary to the common characteristics of literati's words, which are popular, humorous and humorous, but it does not hinder its lyrical "truth" and "depth", and it can be called a masterpiece with unique "humor" and "vulgar taste". Accustomed to seeing those colorful farewell words, reading this catchword with folk flavor is really a bit like eating fish, shrimps and crabs and tasting wild bream, which is very fresh.

Those charming eyes

Shi Xiaoyou

The clouds are light and the wind is light, and the rain is whispering. Don't come, it should be, the eyebrows are reduced and the wrists are fragrant.

Xiao Xuan sat alone in the lovesick place, feeling bored. A bunch of daylily, a few bamboo poles and a few banana leaves.

Appreciation of words

This word conveys emotion and essence, pure and natural, without affectation.

The first part begins with touching the scene and produces a deep affection, and the next part is integrated with the scene, even if the affection still stays at the end of the song. When writing the scenery, it is vast and complicated, which fully exaggerates people's hatred for parting and the pain of acacia; When writing love, they broke through the limitation of space and region, or tried to figure out each other from their feelings, or directly expressed their feelings and fully expressed their love, and used them in a staggered way, combining soul with nature, showing the author's superb lyric skills.

"The clouds are bleak and the rain is whispering, and I will return at dusk." The first part plays a key role, not only pointing out the solar terms, but also rendering the atmosphere and setting off the emotions. Words such as "faint", "whispering", "dusk" and "facing the DPRK" are used naturally and skillfully to convey feelings with sound. The "vague" description of the cloudy sky and the "rustling" rain interweave into a vivid and bleak picture, which sets a specific background for writing about acacia and love. "Morning and Night" is about the long boredom of lovesickness. The wind and rain of Twilight and Chao Chao render a dull, misty and cold atmosphere. The author's heart is in the object environment, melancholy clouds and melancholy, and the sound of rain and the voice of the heart are intertwined. The rain keeps thinking and worrying, and they are in harmony with each other.

Chun Qing is lonely and lovesick, and the author can't help but sigh: "If you don't come, your eyebrows will be reduced, and if you come, your wrists will be fragrant." These three sentences are function words born of extreme thoughts. The author misses his distant lover and thinks about the changes in her appearance after she left. The ancients said, "A woman is pleased with herself." She must be trapped in the pain of parting. She lives alone without a partner and has no intention of dressing up. With endless thoughts, she will become thinner and thinner, even "her eyebrows will be reduced and her wrists will be fragrant." The author writes from the other side, reflecting on himself by others, conveying the reality in vain, and his pen is full of considerate care. In the elegant and ethereal illusion, he pinned his infinite thoughts.

In the next word, just write your own acacia plight positively. "Xiao Xuan is sitting alone in acacia, and his mood is so boring." The first sentence depicts a person, sitting alone in Xiao Xuan, feeling full of lovesickness, and the next sentence frankly tells the feelings at this time. The word "independence" shows a lonely and melancholy expression and a sense of loss. Sitting alone in lovesickness, I feel bored because of the hopelessness of lovesickness. Two sentences derive my mood from the present situation, and the narrative sentiment is frank and straightforward. However, how "boring" it is, but I didn't elaborate, just spread it with scenic songs at intersections.

At the end of the three sentences, the author takes three images of "day lily", "bamboo" and "banana" separately. Each sentence is a scene, which is integrated into one and contains endless meanings. "Hemerocallis" is also called "Cao Chen". The ancients thought that this kind of grass could forget troubles. Mao Chuan of Poetry: "Grass forgets." Ji Kang's "Theory of Health Preservation" also said: "Love is bitter, day lilies forget their worries, and fools know it." But the author's yearning for day lilies is not enough to solve his worries, which doubly highlights the endless and difficult worries. Repairing bamboo and plantains are all scenes here, helping sorrow and hate. There is a line in Du Fu's poem "Beauty": "Forget the thin silk sleeves and the cold, and lean on the sunset and the bamboo." Bamboo and beautiful women set each other off. Now, seeing "bamboo cultivation" is naturally not beautiful. Li Shangyin's "Two Gifts" (the first one) has a poem "Bananas don't show lilac knots, and they are worried about the spring breeze". Li Yu's "Sauvignon Blanc" also wrote: "There are three bananas outside the curtain, and the night is long!" In the lonely lovesickness, the day lilies, bamboos and plantains around them are all close to their minds, and they are presented in front of them, adding to their sorrow and hatred. These three images seem to be listed casually from the immediate scene, but they actually contain rich emotional connotations. Volume 2 of Fan Wen's Night Talk on the Bed once quoted "Four Xu Xu" and said: "Don't take emptiness as emptiness, take reality as emptiness, and turn scenery into emotion." Symbolizing feelings with scenery is a common way of writing in China's ancient poems. The word ends with three sentences, which is a wonderful knot of "taking reality as virtual" and endless leisure.

In a word, Shi Xiaoyou's "Eye-catching" profoundly and sincerely depicts the author's feeling of missing his lover in the loneliness of the continuous spring rain, and it is also unique in lyric techniques.

Ruan Langgui

Candles blow out smoke, and long waves beat pillows. The west wind breaks the sound of geese, which makes people dream.

Homesickness, travel worries, who knows this night. The chaotic mountains overlap the lonely city, and the empty river and the moon speak for themselves.