Relationship with sex chromosomes: Among the 23 pairs of chromosomes in men, the sex chromosome is xy and the face chromosome in women is xx. Some genetic diseases are passed on to the next generation through sex chromosomes, which is called sex inheritance, such as hemophilia. If the pathogenic gene is on the X chromosome, it is recessive, and the homologous gene of another X chromosome can protect women from this disease. In addition, there are several immunoregulatory genes on X chromosome. Then, women have twice as many of these genes, and after one group is damaged, the other group can compensate. Therefore, women's immune system will decline later, and fewer people will die from cancer and infectious diseases than men. According to Japanese statistics, the cancer incidence of women is 1.33 times lower than that of men, so the average life expectancy of women is also long.
Relationship with women's physiological state: Women's delivery and menstrual blood loss can be used as physiological stimuli to make women's hematopoietic function stronger than that of men and maintain it for a long time.
The relationship between women and estrogen: estrogen can protect the blood vessel wall and prevent it from becoming hard and brittle, while the male body reacts more strongly to vasoconstrictors such as adrenaline than women, so men have more chances to suffer from cardiovascular diseases than women. According to Japanese statistics, women suffer from heart disease 1.07 times lower than men, and cerebral hemorrhage 1.04 times lower than men.
Another data shows that a group of elderly women over 90 years old found that there were 6 diseases on average, while men of the same age had 8~9 diseases on average.
Relationship with lifestyle: Men smoke and drink more than women. In addition, men are engaged in high-risk jobs, such as high-altitude and high-temperature operations, metallurgy and electricity, and there are more work-related injuries and accidents than women.
Relationship with basal metabolism: the basal metabolic rate of women is lower than that of men after 25 years old, and it is not similar to that of men until after amenorrhea. Generally speaking, the metabolic rate in life is lower than that of men. It is estimated that energy metabolism can be reduced by 30 ~ 40%, and high energy metabolism can promote life extension, which has been confirmed by experiments.
The life expectancy of women seems to be higher than that of men, which is caused by many factors. In the animal kingdom, females also live longer than males. For example, the average life expectancy of male rats is 483 days, while that of female rats is 80 1 day; The male and female of Daphnia magna (65438 08℃) survived for 38.6 days and 44.7 days respectively. The average life span of black spider male is 100 days, female is 27 1 day, corn borer male is 60 days, and female is 1 1 day. This shows that it is a universal law in the animal kingdom that females live longer than males. And human beings have to add social factors and lifestyle differences.