Our life is limited, but our knowledge is infinite. If you want to pursue infinite knowledge with limited life, you will feel very tired; In this case, if we continue to pursue knowledge, we will be even more exhausted!
2, the name is also, the phase is also, the volume is also; Know is also a competitor. Two kinds of weapons, not so good. Human life
(Names are the cause of conflict; Wisdom is a means of fighting each other. Both are murder weapons, which can't be used up. )
3, there is a way in the world, and the saints are successful; There is no way in the world, and there is a sacred life. At this time, I was just exempted from punishment. The blessing is as light as a feather, you don't know what it is; If the disaster is serious, I don't know how to avoid it Human life
(There is a saying in the world that only a saint can achieve his career; There is no road in the world, and saints can only save their lives. In this era, we can only avoid the execution of the death penalty. Happiness is just as light as a feather, I don't know how to bear it; The disaster is so great that I don't know how to avoid it )
4. Everyone knows the useful use, but they don't know the useless use. Human life
People all know the useful use, but they don't know the greater use of the useless. )
5, spring is dry, fish are on land, rivers and lakes are better than forgetting each other. Chess master
When the spring is dry, many fish are trapped on the land, exhaling at each other with their mouths and getting wet with saliva. It's like living freely in rivers and lakes, forgetting each other. )
6. My husband swaggered behind my back, worked for me to make a living, married me to death. So, it's good to be alive and good to be dead. Chess master
Nature gave me shape, let me work with my life, let me do nothing with old age, and let me rest in peace with death. Therefore, people who say that I was born well also say that I died well.
7. So the disciples of the plantation asked the plantation, "Is there any way to steal it?" He said, "Without evil, what is the right thing to do? The husband's false intention is hidden in the room, and it is also holy; Be first, be brave; After leaving, righteousness also; Know it or not, know it; Share equally and be kind. Five people are unprepared, but they can become thieves, and there is nothing in the world. " Quru
So, the disciple who stole his feet asked him, "Is there a law to be a big thief?" The thief replied, "How can there be no rules?" It is smart to guess how much property is stored in the house out of thin air; It is brave to enter the house first; The last one to go out is righteousness; It is wisdom to judge whether to start work at your discretion; If the spoils are evenly distributed, it is benevolence. These five thieves would never exist in the world without them. " )
8. The sage never dies, but the thief never stops.
9. Whoever steals a hook is punished, and whoever steals a country is a vassal.
10 Therefore, absolute saints abandon knowledge and thieves are the only ones.
1 1, I wonder what the world is like? ..... When the time comes, the people will use it, eat it, dress it beautifully, enjoy the customs, live in a safe place, face each other in neighboring countries, and the voices of chickens and dogs will hear each other, and the people will not be able to live and die. If this is the time, it can be cured.
Don't you know that there is only the era of Shengde? ..... The people at that time commemorated it with knots, with sweet food, beautiful clothes, cheerful customs and comfortable accommodation. Neighboring countries can see each other and hear the crows of chickens and dogs. There is no communication between people from birth to death. Time like that is the best management. )
What is Tao? There is heaven and human nature. Those who do nothing and respect, heaven also; It is human nature to be tired of doing one thing. Master, heaven also; Minister, humanity also. Heaven is far from human nature and must not be ignored. Zaiqi
(What is Tao? There is heaven and human nature. Doing nothing is expensive; It is human nature to be tired of doing something. In the dominant position, it is the sky; What is subordinate is human nature. Heaven is far from human nature, and we can't ignore it. )
13, although the world is big, its transformation is also; Although there are many things, cure one; Although there are many people, their master also. Jun was born in virtue, so the mysterious and ancient monarch is in the world, ruling by doing nothing, and heaven is only virtue. Heaven and earth
Although the world is vast, its changes according to its own movement are the same; Although there are many things, their self-satisfaction is the same; Although there are many people, their master is only a monarch. The monarch is based on morality, doing nothing and following the heaven. Therefore, the ancient king ruled the world, governing by doing nothing and conforming to the nature of heaven. )
14, Zhuangzi said: "The nature of the tiger and the wolf." ...... "Benevolence has no relatives." Good fortune!
15, Lao Tzu said: "... name, public instrument, can't take more." Kindness, husband seclusion, can only spend the night, not for long, more responsible. ..... If you want to be rich, you can't let Lu; Obviously, you can't give up your name; Parental people can't control people. "
Good fortune!
Fame is a common thing, and you can't expect more. Renyi, the temporary residence of my late king, can only stay for one night, not long. Showing kindness to others will attract a lot of accusations. ..... people who take wealth as the right path refuse to give up their salary; Those who take fame as the right path will not give up their reputation. People who are greedy for power can't give power to others. )
16 Therefore, the husband is cold and lonely, doing nothing, the world is flat, and so is his moral quality. deliberate
Therefore, indifference, loneliness, nothingness and inaction are the origin of heaven and earth and the extremely high realm of moral cultivation.
17, sorrow and joy, evil virtue; Those who become angry from embarrassment go too far; Likes and dislikes are lost in the heart. deliberate
Sorrow and joy will make virtue flow in evil; Don't forget emotions, take Tao as wrong; If you fall into likes and dislikes, you will lose your morality
18, everyone values profit, honest people value their names, sages value their ambitions, and sages value their essence. deliberate
Most people value profit, honest people value reputation, sages and gentlemen value ambition, and sages value spirit. )
19, a person who loses self to things and sexual desire to vulgarity is called an inverted person. deliberate
People who lose themselves in pursuit of material desires and lose their nature in order to conform to customs are called people who put the cart before the horse. )
20. Confucius said, "... when Yao Shun was in power, there were endless people in the world and they didn't know it; When you rebel, there is no one in the world, and you don't know what you will lose; The times are right. "autumn waters
(In the Yao and Shun era, there were no poor people in the world, not because they were wise; In the era of rebellion, there are no enlightened people in the world, not because they have no wisdom, but because of luck. )
2 1, Lou said: "When you die, there is no monarch in the upper level and no minister in the lower level; There are no so-called four seasons. Since heaven and earth are in the Spring and Autumn Period, although Wang Le is in the south, you can't cross it. " The greatest happiness
(The skeleton said, "The deceased has no monarch in the upper class, no minister in the lower class, and no work all the year round. They can freely coexist with heaven and earth, and even if the south is king, they cannot surpass it. " )
22. Hirako said, "... now you are decorating yourself with knowledge to scare fools, make yourself clean and clear, expose the sun and the moon, and leave the people." ..... "Sheng Da"
Now, you decorate your wisdom to awaken ignorance, and cultivate yourself to show the despicable and bright appearance of others, just like walking with the sun and the moon. )
23. I used to hear people who have achieved great things say, "It's useless to cut yourself, the winner falls, and the winner fails." Mountain forest
24. Far from the acceptance and abandonment of the husband, the friendship between gentlemen is indifferent, and the friendship between villains is willing. A gentleman is indifferent to his relatives, but a villain is willing to give up. mountain forest
Mutual accommodation is far from mutual dislike. A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water, and a friendship between villains is as sweet as sweet wine. A gentleman is indifferent to each other, but a villain's sweet words are easy to cut off. )
25, scholars have no virtue, exhausted; Clothes are not easy to wear, so is poverty, and I am not exhausted. This so-called no pain. mountain forest
(A person with lofty ideals is tired if he has morality but can't implement it; Ragged clothes and worn shoes are poverty, not fatigue. This is the so-called failure to meet good times. )
26. Yang Zikai said: "Disciples should remember it, and go to the sage to be virtuous, be safe and not love it!" Mountain forest
Yang Zhu said: "Remember, disciples, if you are virtuous and can get rid of self-righteous ideas, how can you not be loved!"
27. the yellow emperor said, "... Tao cannot be caused, and virtue cannot be achieved." Benevolence can be done, righteousness can be lost, and ceremony is false. " Understand the north tour
Tao is unattainable, and morality is unattainable. Benevolence can be done, righteousness can be spurned, and courtesy can be bullied. )
28. It goes without saying that there is great beauty in heaven and earth. There is a clear law at four o'clock without discussion, and it is reasonable to say nothing. Sage, the original beauty of heaven and earth, the principle of everything.
The virtue of heaven and earth is the greatest, not to mention. There is a clear law, don't say it at any time. Everything has a reason and you don't understand it. Sages explore the virtues of heaven and earth, and understand the principles of the creation of all things. )
29, if the shape is awkward, if the heart dies, I know it, not self-sustaining.
The body is like a skeleton, and the heart is like a remnant. True and pure knowledge is not limited to old ideas. )
30.i don't know? People call me Zhu Yu. Zhihu? Worried about my health. If you are unkind, you will harm others; Ren, then worry about me. If you are unjust, you will hurt others; Righteousness, then worry about yourself. Gengsangchu
(I don't know? People say I'm stupid. Do you know that?/You know what? It hurts my body. If you can't be kind, you will hurt others; To be kind, it hurts yourself; If you do not uphold justice, you will hurt others; Doing righteousness harms oneself. )
3 1, Tsuen Wan people are so caught up in fish that they forget Tsuen Wan; Hooves are such in rabbits, he got rabbits but forgot hooves; The speaker was so concerned that he forgot his words proudly. I have an Andrew who forgot his words. Talk to him! Foreign things
Bamboo cages are used for fishing. When you catch fish, you forget the bamboo cage. Rabbit nets are used to catch rabbits. If you catch rabbits, you forget the rabbit nets. Language is used to express ideology. If you master ideology, you will forget language. Where can I find someone who has forgotten the language to chat with? )
Selected Fables of Zhuangzi
1, Zhou Meng of Qianzhuang is Hu Die, and Hu Die is vivid, which is a metaphor for historical records! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou's dream is a dream or a dream is Zhou He? Zhou he, there are still points. This is called materialization. Homogeneous object theory
(In the past, Zhuang Zhou dreamed that he had become a butterfly. A butterfly was flying happily and wandering freely, unaware that he was Zhuang Zhou. I woke up suddenly, and I was clearly Zhuang Zhou. I wonder if Zhuang Zhou became a butterfly in his dream, or if the butterfly became Zhuang Zhou in his dream? After all, there is a difference between Zhuang Zhou and butterflies. The change of my stuff is called materialization.
2. I am an expert in solving problems for the text. Touching with my hands, leaning on my shoulders, leaning on my feet, leaning on my knees, suddenly sounding and playing with a knife are all alto; Mulberry dance is a classic first encounter. Wen said, "Hey, good! So much for technical coverage? " Master of keeping healthy
3, Zepheasant ten steps a peck, one hundred steps a drink, not squatting in the fan. Although God is king, he is not good. Master of keeping healthy
The pheasant on the grass pecks at every step, drinks water at every step, and does not expect to be locked in a cage. Although energetic, he can't move freely. )
4. It is said that Wei Linggong and Gong Ling have said this; And depending on the whole person, its shoulders are shoulders. When an urn tells a story about Qi Huangong, Huan Gong tells it and takes the whole person as his shoulder. Dechongfu
A lame, lame man lobbied Wei Linggong, and Wei Linggong liked him very much. People who see the whole body feel that the neck is too thin and too thin. A man with a big tumor on his neck lobbied Qi Huangong, and Qi Huangong liked him very much. People who see a full figure feel that their stomachs are too thin and too thin. )
The emperor of Nanhai is clumsy, the emperor of Beihai is careless, and the emperor of the central government is chaotic. With the sudden change of time, it's good to be in a chaotic place. Dan He suddenly sought the virtue of chaos, saying, "Everyone has seven senses of food and hearing, and this is the only one. Try to chisel this. " If you dig a hole during the day, you will die in the chaos on the seventh day. Letters
(The emperor in the South China Sea is called Shu, the emperor in the North China Sea is called Hu, and the emperor in the center is called Chaos. Shu and Hu often meet in chaotic places, and chaos is especially good for them. Shu and Hu negotiated to repay the virtue of chaos, saying, "Everyone has seven senses, for seeing, hearing, eating, drinking and breathing, but chaos does not exist. Let's try to chisel them into seven holes. " Dig a hole one day, and after seven days, die in chaos. )
6, spring is dry, fish are on land, rivers and lakes are better than forgetting each other. Chess master
When the spring is dry, many fish are trapped on the land, exhaling at each other with their mouths and getting wet with saliva. It's like living freely in rivers and lakes, forgetting each other. )
7. I pity the owl, the owl pity the snake, the snake pity the wind, Lian Mu Feng and Lianxin Mu.
Wei Xiao said, "I can't do anything if I walk on one foot." What can I do with this son? "
He said, "Otherwise, what about the son who can't see his husband spitting?" If you spray it, it will be as big as beads and as small as fog, and it will come down countless times. Today, I have moved my secret, but I don't know why. "
The owl said to the snake, "I walk on many feet, but I can't be as good as my son."
The snake said, "What can evil do when the master moves?" ? I've had enough! "
The snake called the wind and said, "You can move your spine and walk, and you will feel it. Today, bitter fleabane bitter fleabane begins in the North Sea, and bitter fleabane bitter fleabane enters the South China Sea, but it seems nothing. Why? "
The wind said, "Of course. Yu Pengpeng set out from the North Sea and entered the South China Sea. However, I am better than me, and I am better than me. Although, I am the only one who can win a big house, so winning a small house is a big victory. For the big winner, only a saint can do it. " limpid eyes
8. Zhuangzi was fishing in Lishui. The King of Chu told the doctors to go first and said, "I hope I am tired in China!"
Zhuangzi ignored the pole and said, "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu State, and it was three thousand years old when it died. The king hid it in the temple with a towel. Will it be more expensive to keep the bones when this turtle is dead? Would you rather be born dragging your tail in paint? "
The second doctor said, "I'd rather be born dragging my tail."
Zhuangzi said, "Yes! I will drag my tail in the painting. "
9. See Keiko Liang and Zhuangzi. Someone told Hui Shi: "Zhuangzi is here to replace you as prime minister." . "So Hui Shi was very scared and looked for three days and three nights in the country.
Zhuangzi went to see it and said, "There are birds in the south. What do you know about them? The couple, who originated in the South China Sea, flew to the North Sea, not only for the Indus River, but also for the ritual spring where they did not eat or drink. So the owl caught a rotten mouse and the stork died. He turned back and said, "Fear!" This son wants to scare me with Guo Liang? "
10, Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang. Zhuangzi said: "Idle travel is the fish industry."
Keiko said, "You are not a fish. How can you know that fish are happy?" ? "
Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" ? "
Keiko said: "I am not a son, I really don't know my son;" Zi Gu is not a fish, but he doesn't know the happiness of fish. "
Zhuangzi said, "Please follow its source. Confucius said,' You know fish is fun'. Since I know this, ask me, and I know it. " limpid eyes
1 1. When Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hung up and Zhuangzi sat in the drum basin singing. Keiko said: "Living with people, the eldest son is old, and it is enough not to cry when he dies. Playing drums and singing is also good!"
Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. Finish what you started, I can't be alone! There is no life in the beginning, no life in the disciples, no life in the disciples and no life in the disciples. Hetero-fluorene, discoloration. Gasification into shape, into life, and now into death, just like the four seasons. People were lying in a huge room, and I cried with it, thinking that I couldn't live any longer, so I stopped. " The greatest happiness
12 Before, seabirds stopped in the suburbs of Lu, and the Hou of Lu was a royal family, who lived in a temple and played Jiu Shao for fun. The meal was too thick. The bird was dazzled by sadness, and dared not eat or drink a cup. Three days later, it died. The greatest happiness
Once upon a time, a seabird landed on the outskirts of the capital of Lu. Lu Hou welcomed it into the ancestral temple, hosted a banquet, played the music of Jiu Shao and hosted a banquet. But the bird was dizzy, sad and painful, and dared not eat a piece of meat or drink a glass of wine. Three days later, it died. )
13, Liezi walked, eating and following the road, saw a century-old skull and said, "I only know you, neither dead nor alive." If you have one? How happy are you? "supreme happiness.
Liezi ate by the roadside and saw the century-old skeleton of the horse. He pulled out wormwood and pointed to the skeleton and said, "Only you and I know that you are not dead or born. Are you really sad? Am I really happy? "
14, Chu, Zhuangzi, seeing the empty skull, they held the skull and fell on the pillow. In the middle of the night, Lou saw a dream and said, "What about my son's idea of dying?" Zhuangzi said, "Of course." He said: "When you die, there is no monarch in the world and no minister in the world;" There are no so-called four seasons. Since heaven and earth are in the Spring and Autumn Period, although Wang Le is in the south, you can't cross it. " Zhuangzi didn't believe me, and said, "I brought Siming back to life in the form of a child because of his own flesh and blood. He turned his parents and wife against his knowledge. What do you want? " "I can abandon Wang Le in the south and return to work on earth!" The greatest happiness
(Zhuangzi sees a skeleton on his way to Chu, and Zhuangzi sleeps with the skeleton as his pillow. At midnight, the skeleton appeared in his dream and said to him, "Do you want to hear about the happiness of the dead?" Zhuangzi said, "Yes." The skeleton said, "The deceased has no monarch in the upper class and no minister in the lower class, and he has not worked all the year round. They can freely coexist with heaven and earth, and even if the south is king, they cannot surpass it. " Zhuangzi didn't believe it, and said, "Will you let the God in charge of life and death resurrect your body, return your flesh and blood, and return your parents, wives, neighbors and friends?" The skeleton frowned deeply, revealing a sad look, and said, "How can I give up the happiness of being king in the south and endure human labor?" )
15, Zhuangzi was walking in the mountains when he saw Ye Sheng Mao, a big wooden branch, and the woodcutter stopped him and didn't take it. Asked why, he said, "Nothing."
16, the master came from the mountains and gave up his family. An old friend was happy, so he ordered Nazi to kill the goose and cook it. Vertical asked: "If one can sing and the other can't, please kill him?" The master said, "Kill those who can't talk."
17, mantis catches cicada, and different magpies follow.
18, the song of the Yangtze River, stay in the reverse journey. The master of the anti-brigade has two concubines, one is beautiful, the other is evil, the evil one is expensive, and the beautiful one is cheap. Yoko asked him why, and the anti-line mage said to him: "Beauty is self-beauty, and I don't know its beauty; I don't know if evil people are evil. Andy said, "Disciples should remember it, and if they don't love it, they should do a virtuous deed! "
19, Zhuang Zhou's family was poor, so he borrowed millet from Jianhe Hou. Hou Jian said, "Promise. I will get a pound of gold, and I will lend you three hundred dollars, but what? " Zhuang Zhou said angrily, "Last week, someone called from the middle road. Zhou Gu saw fish in the rut. Zhou asked,' Come here, fish! "What is evil?" is:' I, Minister of the East China Sea. "Do you have water to fight with me and live?" Zhou said:' Promise. Can I swim south to King Wu Yue and stir up the water in the Xijiang River to welcome my son? "The fish said angrily,' I have lost the same relationship, and I have no place to stand. I live with the rising water, but you said so. You might as well let me stay in the dead fish! ""foreign things "
First, a poor life.
Mention Zhuangzi, somewhat give a person a kind of magical feeling. Family background is unknown, the origin of the teacher is unknown, and the history of life and death is unknown. At that time, there was no biography for him and no self-reported article, so his life experience has always been a mystery.
Fortunately, in the book "Zhuangzi", his students occasionally record some of his friends. With these fragmentary information, they can also leave a special image in the hearts of future generations.
Zhuangzi lives in poverty, which is also described in the book Zhuangzi, such as a story about his debt:
Zhuang Zhou's family was poor, so he borrowed rice from Jianhe Hou. Jianhe Hou said, "OK, I will lend you 300 gold after collecting the tax from the local people, ok?"
Zhuangzi was very unhappy and said, "When I came yesterday, I heard a voice calling me halfway. When I looked back, there was a crucian carp where the wheel ran over, which became a depression. I asked it and said, "Hey, crucian carp! What are you doing here? The crucian carp replied, "I am an aquarium in the East China Sea. Do you have any water to save me? " I said, "Well, when I go to the south to lobby King Wu Yue, I will come to see you with the water from the Xijiang River. Is it okay? Hearing this, the crucian carp was very unhappy and said calmly, "I lost my place to live because I have no water." A little water can save me. "Why not come to the dried fish market earlier?" ("foreign things", the next quotation only notes the title of the article, not the title).
Although this story is expressed in the form of fable, it is true that his family is poor, and his poverty can also be seen in another record:
Zhuangzi wore patched coarse clothes and stepped on a pair of worn cloth shoes tied with hemp rope to see Wang Wei. Wang Wei said, "Sir, why are you so tired?"
Zhuangzi replied, "This is poverty, not fatigue. ..... "("Mountain Things ")
In fact, Zhuangzi is poor and tired. In that era of "bad king and chaos", only villains could succeed. Let's give another example:
There was a man named Cao Shang in the State of Song, and the King of Song sent him to the State of Qin. When he went, he only got a few cars of Song Wang. When he arrived in the state of Qin, the king of Qin was very happy and gave him a hundred cars. When he returned to Song Dynasty, he saw Zhuangzi and said:
"Living in a broken alley, poor straw sandals, hungry neck, sallow and emaciated. In this regard. I can't catch up with you, but once I meet a great monarch, I will get hundreds of cars, which is my strong point.
Zhuangzi replied, "I heard that the king of Qin had a broken hemorrhoid and got a car. Whoever treats him, who can break hemorrhoids, will get a car. Whoever can lick his hemorrhoids will get five cars. The worse the treatment, the more cars you get. Have you ever treated the king of Qin for hemorrhoids? How did you get so many cars? Go your way! " (Lieyukou)
If these examples recorded by Zhuangzi after school are true, they reveal some facts about Zhuangzi's life in the dialogue: he "lives in a broken alley", with a sallow face and a thin stomach. Isn't this he is my brother who lives in a mean alley with Yan Hui and eats and drinks alone? Malnourished Yan Hui died before he was 30, and long-lived Zhuangzi lived to be 70. Judging from the momentum of the article, he seems to be full of vitality!
If Zhuangzi really only makes a living by weaving straw sandals, it is similar to Spinoza's mirror grinding. They all try to reduce the needs of material life and devote themselves to improving their spiritual life.