Wild bamboo rats live in groups. Bamboo rats are withdrawn by nature and rarely live in groups except mating. In order to facilitate manual intensive management and feeding, it is necessary to socialize bamboo rats.

There are two ways to get along: one is to put a few mice in the rat pool, let the bamboo rats bite, kill them and then release new mice, and so on. When it gets used to it, it can live in harmony with the mouse, and then other bamboo rats with the same training can live in harmony. Another way is to put a big mirror beside the mouse pool. Wherever the bamboo mouse goes, it will see an aggressive shadow like itself in the mirror. After the mirror is left for 3 ~ 5 days, when it stops attacking the mirror, the wild bamboo rat can be raised in groups.

The domestic breeding of wild bamboo rats, the cure of wild bamboo rats, and the wild bamboo rats that have just been picked up from the mountains or bought in the market should be carefully examined and treated differently according to the severity of the injuries. If it's just a flesh wound, you can rub some anti-inflammatory drugs, such as mercuric chloride water or Frenuel. Generally, the wound will scab and heal in 2 ~ 3 days. For severe fracture injury, purple cabbage and medlar can be mashed, placed on the back of the new tile and heated with slow fire. While heating, mix a proper amount of white wine, then apply it to the fracture while it is hot, wrap it up, and change the dressing every two days. The wild bamboo rat has a strong immune function. After a week of application, it can basically return to normal without special management. The domestication and breeding of wild bamboo rats are wild, and there will be a process of resistance to environmental mutations. Most bamboo rats will starve to death if they are fed in large quantities as soon as they are caught. The best way to tame food is to keep it alone in the dark for a few days when you first take it home, and then feed it a small amount of juicy food, such as sweet potatoes and rice boards, to make it hungry. Feed it for 3 ~ 5 days, and then gradually increase its favorite mango or bamboo root.

Etiological analysis of bamboo rat

Generally, cultured bamboo rats are not easy to get sick. However, due to inappropriate environmental conditions of buildings and equipment, or fear of cold, improper feed management, unbalanced nutrition ratio, inadequate breeding technology, lack of experience and other reasons, it is easy to cause respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, reproductive system and nervous system disorders, resulting in bacterial and viral diseases. The most common diseases are respiratory diseases and digestive tract diseases.

1. The bamboo rat is an animal that breathes through its chest and abdomen. Peritonitis, diaphragm inflammation, rumen indigestion and acute flatulence can cause chest breathing, while pleurisy, pleuropneumonia and rib diseases can cause abdominal breathing. Inhale first and then breathe, the inhalation time is short and the exhalation time is long. Long-term inhalation can be seen in upper respiratory tract stenosis, long-term exhalation can be seen in bronchitis and chronic emphysema, and intermittent breathing can be seen in bronchiolitis, pleurisy and chest and abdomen pain. Tidal breathing (breathing from strong to weak and stopping, and then repeating) is more common in encephalitis, heart failure, pneumonia, uremia and some toxic diseases; Intermittent breathing (breathing and apnea appear alternately, which is more serious than tidal breathing and a sign of critical illness) is common in meningitis, encephalitis, uremia and fern poisoning. Deep and long breathing (the breathing is obviously deeper and longer, and the rhythm is obviously slowed down, which is a critical manifestation) is seen in various meningitis, acidosis, ketosis, uremia and diabetes. Dyspnea, inspiratory dyspnea can be seen in nasal cavity, larynx, trachea stenosis and pharyngeal lymph node enlargement; Exhaled dyspnea is seen in bronchiolitis and chronic emphysema. Mixed dyspnea (inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea) is found in pneumonia, pleurisy, heart disease and some toxic diseases.

2. Attention should be paid to smell, temperature, quantity, nature, viscosity, color, smell, foreign bodies, etc. A large number of clear nasal mucus is more common in acute respiratory inflammation and some infectious diseases, such as influenza, rhinitis and malignant catarrhal fever. The amount of nasal mucus is uncertain, with purulent smell, which is more common in frontal sinusitis, lung abscess, gangrenous pneumonia and liquefied tuberculosis when coughing or bowing. Blood mixed with nasal fluid can be seen in nasal mucosa trauma, pulmonary and laryngotracheal bleeding, anthrax, pasteurellosis, some parasitic diseases and poisoning diseases. Bubbles mixed with nasal fluid can be seen in pulmonary edema, bronchi and bronchiolitis. Mixed with feed residue can be seen in pharyngitis and esophageal obstruction.

Characteristics of bamboo rats after illness

If the bamboo rat has the following characteristics, it should be observed and isolated in time, and it is likely to be sick:

First, the body is covered with herpes the size of soybeans to corn kernels, and even purulent;

Second, walking is weak, eating less and moving less;

Third, there are gums and tears when you have a fever, your body is hot and your tail is cold;

Fourth, cystitis or internal injury may lead to bloody stool;

Fifth, if you have gastroenteritis, you will have loose bowels, and there will be thin feces around the anus, and sometimes the feces will be bloody;

Six, some bamboo rats can't see the disease on the surface, but their bodies are thin and pale;

Seven, there is no scar on the body, but the touch can touch the lump;

Eight, listless, dull hair, unable to eat, curled up.

Prevention and treatment of common diseases of bamboo rats

(1) Trauma is the most common and frequent disease in raising bamboo rats. People often bite each other because of fighting for food, being frightened, fighting for nests, or being caught in iron cages during transportation, and improper capture methods cause man-made accidental injuries. Treatment: When trauma is found, it is necessary to apply liquid medicine blue sky iodine, pot bottom ash and Wanhua oil. Everyone can use a trauma hemostatic. When the wound is large, deep and bleeding is more, Yunnan Baiyao should be applied to stop bleeding and diminish inflammation. The wound cannot be bandaged with gauze, nor can it be coated with ointment or adhesive tape, otherwise the bamboo rat will tear off the bandage;

(2) Severe trauma or abscess. Abscess in bamboo rats is mostly caused by fighting injuries that are not treated in time or improper treatment. Common in bamboo rats, there are yellow-white purulent masses on the head, abdomen, limbs and tail roots, which are hard outside and soft inside. Treatment: Incite abscess, expel pus, wash and disinfect the wound, grind with chloramphenicol tablets and rub with peanut oil, inject penicillin into muscle to diminish inflammation and prevent the wound from reinfection;

(3) Gastroenteritis is mainly caused by unclean and moldy feed, and the sick rats are depressed. Eat less or don't eat, there is thin feces around the anus, groan in the nest at night, it becomes thinner and thinner, and finally dehydrates and dies. Treatment: After stopping eating 1-2 meals, grind and mix oxytetracycline (if human medicine is used, the dosage is 1/4 ~ 1/6) 1 tablet (0.5g) and take it twice a day; Or intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline injection (0.4-0.5ml each time, daily 1 time) for 3 days; In severe cases, chloramphenicol can be injected into the medial thigh muscle, 0.5-0.6 ml each time,/kloc-0 times a day, and it can be cured after continuous injection for 2 days; This disease is difficult to treat after the middle and late stage, so everyone should pay attention to regular and careful observation during feeding. In the early stage, you can mix the concentrate with the bottom ash of the pot that burns firewood for one or two days. )

(4) Colibacillosis mostly occurs in spring and summer. The sick mouse has a big belly and a sense of fluctuation in touch. Female rats are often mistaken for pregnant, and autopsy shows that there are a large number of colloidal (transparent colloidal) extracts in their abdomen. Treatment: neomycin and cephalosporin were injected into rats with 0.5 ml each time, and the young rats were halved;

(5) The cold is caused by the sudden change of climate, and the bamboo mouse is exposed to wind and rain to catch a cold. The diseased rats have accelerated breathing, chills, runny nose, reduced or no food intake, and their body temperature drops, and in severe cases, their body temperature rises. If they are not treated in time, they are prone to pneumonia. Treatment: compound aminopyrine is injected intramuscularly, 0.3-0.5 ml each time, twice a day, and penicillin is injected intramuscularly, three times a day in severe cases. Cross-injection of penicillin and streptomycin is necessary when pneumonia is complicated, and it should be carried out under the guidance of veterinarians.

(6) Heatstroke, when bamboo rats are transported in summer, if the temperature is as high as 32 degrees or above, the ventilation in the compartment is not smooth, or after exposure for 20-30 minutes, coupled with the lack of juicy feed, the water in the body cannot be replenished, heatstroke will occur. First-aid method: Move the diseased rat to a cool place, and bury the corpse with wet sand, only exposing the head. 10- 15 minutes later, the bamboo rat woke up. If you can't find wet sand, you can soak the bamboo mouse in cold water to expose its head to prevent it from drinking a lot of water, otherwise it will be difficult for the mouse to eat even if the heatstroke is relieved. In addition, cool oil can also be applied to the nostrils of bamboo rats.

(7) postpartum metrorrhagia. Some female rats exert too much force when giving birth to their first child, which is easy to cause postpartum uterine prolapse. If not found in time, the uterus will turn black and give off an unpleasant smell, and eventually the female mouse will bite it off, so that the female mouse will lose its reproductive ability. First-aid method: If newborn rats keep screaming (there is no milk to eat) within two or three days after delivery, it is time to check the situation of the mother rats and determine that there are two ways to deal with the uterus. First, fry the soybeans and put them into the pig bile, so that the fried soybeans can absorb the juice of the pig bile. After half an hour, take it out and dry it a little, then grind it into powder and mix it with food to feed. After two or three days, the uterus will integrate itself into the body. Second, it is found that after hysterectomy, the uterine head is smeared with cool oil three or four times a day. After smearing, the female rat will lick it continuously and recover slowly after a few days. It is worth noting that the above methods are suitable for about three days after delivery. If it is found more than four days after delivery, the possibility of cure will be much lower, and it can basically be announced that it has become a hermaphrodite mouse.

How to make bamboo rats have more children

First, scientific construction of aquaculture ponds. Bamboo rat is also called bamboo raccoon. There are two kinds of breeding ponds for bamboo rats, and the comprehensive utilization of breeding ponds is better. One is litter pond, which is divided into inner pond and outer pond. The length, width and height of the inner pool are 30 cm, 25 cm and 70 cm respectively, and the bamboo rat nest is formed by covering it. The length, width and height of the outer pool are 70 cm, 50 cm and 70 cm respectively, which constitutes a place for female rats to eat and exercise. There is a circular hole with a diameter of 12 cm at the bottom of the cement board separating the inner and outer pools, so that the female rats can move into the sand pool to feed after pregnancy. The other is a breeding pond. The length, width and height are 1.5 m, 2 m and 0.7 m respectively (the area is required to be greater than 2 m2). An insulated tank with a width of 30 cm is built on one side of the tank, and two holes with a diameter of 12 cm are opened under the tank partition to communicate with the large tank. In addition, the heat preservation pot is covered with a plate for the bamboo rats to rest in. Each pond can raise 3 males, 12 females. Practice has proved that although 1 male and 1 female (or two females) are raised in a small breeding pool, they can also be bred and propagated, but the number of litters per fetus is not as high as that of group breeding. Second, secondary seed selection and repeated breeding First, try to choose excellent individuals when buying seeds. Then, through self-propagation and self-support, the offspring who gave birth to more than 4 babies in the same year and excellent individuals who were weaned at the age of 30-35 days and weighed more than 250 grams were selected as seeds. Through the second selection, the reproductive rate and litter size of female rats can be increased by more than 80%. There is an optimal mating time between the mother mouse after delivery and the offspring mouse after weaning. The first time it was called "matching blood". After successful domestication, wild bamboo rats need to breed to the third generation. Only when they are completely adapted to domestic breeding can they be successfully matched. Wild rat species that are not skilled or just domesticated 1 ~ 2 generations should seize the mating opportunity of weaned rats. Immediately after weaning, the female rats were put back to the big pool for breeding, and three male rats were allowed to mate with them in turn, so as to achieve the purpose of repeated breeding, which could increase the litter size by more than 50%. Third, in theory, we should properly guess the ratio of male to female, and 1 male with 2 women or 3 women is the most appropriate. But practice has proved that this speculation is wrong under the current technical conditions. Because most breeders don't pair up in the rat stage, males and females often combine temporarily in adulthood. Because bamboo rats have a strong memory, they are not raised in the same group by their original spouses, and often live together for 2 ~ 3 months before they adapt to each other and mate. After giving birth, the male and female are separated again, and it takes some time to adapt after weaning. So it takes a long time for a male to mate with multiple females, which is not conducive to reproduction. Primary breeder 1 bus match 1 mother can guarantee 4 ~ 5 births a year; If 1 mates with 2 ~ 3 females, most of them can only have 2 ~ 3 babies a year. But if it mates with multiple females in groups, it will adapt quickly, and the reproduction rate and litter size can be greatly improved. Fourth, carefully protect the fetus and wean the bamboo rats at the right time. After pregnancy, abortion or breastfeeding for 20 days, often eating young is caused by insufficient water in the feed. After pregnancy 1 month, bamboo rats should be supplemented with juicy and tender green feed, weaned on 10 day before delivery (usually weaned 30-35 days after delivery), and fed with 20-30 grams of cold potato, sweet potato or horseshoe every day. At the same time, bone meal and vitamins are added into the concentrated solution. Five, careful ingredients, to ensure that nutrition supply 200 ~ 250 grams of concentrate, 2 ~ 3 kinds of coarse material every day. Concentrate (generally complete chicken feed for meat) 20 ~ 40g. Concentrated porridge is a mixture of salt and mineral feed additives. Coarse grains require 80% freshness. Feeding dry or moldy coarse materials will stop the growth, development and reproduction of bamboo rats. Six, the coarse material is sufficient, and the fresh and tender green material is uninterrupted. Bamboo rats like to eat plant food. During the day, if you hide in the hole to eat, if you put less roughage, bamboo rats will often feel hungry, even if there is enough concentrated feed, it will affect their reproduction. Therefore, it is generally reasonable to feed green coarse grains before work in the afternoon. If there is still a small amount of fresh green coarse grains left when cleaning the nest the next morning; If you only see some chewed old bamboo poles in the pool (which are used for grinding the teeth of bamboo rats and have low nutritional value), it means that there is not enough green coarse materials. The supply of fresh and tender green materials is insufficient, and if the bamboo rats are not fed enough, the reproduction will stop. Seven. Cleanliness and Hygiene Some professional households keep bamboo rats and don't pay attention to cleanliness and hygiene. The bamboo rat's nest is wet and cold, and the bamboo rat can hardly find a dry place to sleep. No matter how good the feed is, it will not breed. Eight, the environment is quiet, the temperature is suitable for moving, noisy, strong light and noise stimulation, human interference, etc. Bamboo rats will stop breeding for a period of time, and even if they can breed, the pregnancy rate is very low. The suitable temperature for bamboo rat breeding is 8 ~ 28℃. In case of high temperature weather, appropriate cooling measures can be taken to make it reproduce normally. When the temperature is higher than 35℃, comprehensive cooling protection measures should be taken, otherwise the female rats will be thirsty, eat young or die of heatstroke. When the temperature is lower than 5℃, the padding in litter chamber and incubator should be increased to 10 ~ 15 cm thickness to ensure the survival of litter in winter.

Introduction of new feeding methods of bamboo rat

Recently, a relatively new method of raising bamboo rats has appeared, which is worth a try by the majority of bamboo rat farmers.

The concrete implementation method of that bamboo rat culture method comprise the following step:

Generally speaking, female rats give birth to four babies a year. The new method is to have only three children. After weaning, the young rats are not in a hurry to take the male rats back to mate with the female rats, but let the female rats and the male rats fully recuperate and maintain vigorous energy before mating.

The characteristics of this bamboo rat breeding method are as follows:

It is said that it can increase the number of litters and improve the physique of offspring mice. This new method is really worth a try, and the majority of farmers can try a small amount of feeding.

Suitable feeding mode of bamboo rat;

It is suitable for the breeding mode with the male-female ratio of 1 ~ 1.

Selection of bamboo rat seedlings

Regarding the selection of bamboo rat seedlings, the following is a brief introduction to some routine practices of bamboo rat houses:

1. In view of the current shortage of bamboo seedlings, all healthy male and female rats can be planted.

Second, the basic conditions of an excellent breeding rat are: female rat, medium fat and thin, transparent nipple, long and large nipple, short and thin belly bottom hair, mild temperament, not picky eaters, strong feeding ability, adult weight 1200 g or more; Male rat, with straight back, strong body, but fat, protruding testicles, resistant to rough feeding, not fighting, adult weight1300g or more.

3. The ratio of male to female is 1, which is a group of two women. However, due to the shortage of breeding mice at present, it is difficult to breed naturally. We can only match females according to 1 and 1 first. After introduction, the matching of 1, two females or even three females will be gradually realized, and a high-yield and excellent variety group will be established.

Four, about male and female identification, mainly from three aspects:

1, look at the nipples, if there are two rows of nipples on both sides of the back abdomen, it is female, if there are no two rows of nipples, it is male;

2, look at the distance between vulva and anus, the nearest is the female mouse, and the far is the male mouse.

3. Looking at the feces, the feces of female rats are smooth at both ends and basically the same size, while the feces of male rats are slightly pointed at both ends and have different sizes.

Heatstroke prevention and cooling of bamboo rats raised in summer

Summer is hot and humid, and the temperature in our southern provinces and cities has reached more than 30 degrees.

For bamboo rat breeding, heatstroke prevention and cooling is not important. Here are some simple and practical methods of the bamboo rat house:

First, three concepts of temperature (indoor), 28 degrees, 32 degrees and 35 degrees; The temperature range of 8-28 degrees is beneficial to the reproduction of bamboo rats. When the room temperature reaches above 32 degrees, 80% mice will not reproduce, and when the temperature exceeds 35 degrees, bamboo mice will be in danger of dying of heatstroke.

Second, when the room temperature is above 28 degrees, juicy feed should be added appropriately. If you feed two meals a day, divide the fine and coarse materials, feed the coarse materials at noon and feed the fine materials at night, mainly considering the high temperature at noon;

Third, when the room temperature reaches above 32 degrees, we should increase the feeding of juicy feed, such as yellow bamboo grass, watermelon peel, sugar cane, horseshoe, red series and so on. At the same time, pay attention to the ventilation of the whole site and spray some water in the aisle regularly at noon;

Four, when the room temperature is above 35 degrees, bamboo rats are easy to die of heatstroke. In addition to increasing juicy feed, the overall cooling should be carried out. The specific method is as follows:

1. If an electric fan is installed on the indoor wall, it should be turned on immediately, and it is not allowed to blow directly at the nest room;

2, conditional can sprinkle some water on the roof, indoor walkways should also be sprinkled;

3. At the same time, sprinkle some sand in the nest and spray it with water.

4. Through the above measures, the bamboo rat should be able to survive the sultry dog days;

In addition to the above methods, if you have enough funds, you can install air conditioners for bamboo rats.