The writing of "left and right" in official script is similar to "left point" and "right point", but the difference is that the last stroke is longer.

The vertical writing of official script is the same as seal script.

There are two kinds of horizontal bodies in Lishu: short horizontal body and long horizontal body. The short horizontal style starts from the pen and ends in the flat, and the horizontal style protects the tail, which is slightly like seal script. The hidden front of a long horizontal pen faces upwards, and then Fang Bi folds it up, turns it to the right, and becomes a silkworm pen, and then writes it to the right. The pen is a bit astringent and can't slide. When it reaches two-thirds of the horizontal position, it brings out a downward wave depression, and then slightly lifts the pen forward to form a dovetail. This kind of stroke is also called wave stroke.

Si is similar to long horizontal writing, but the strokes are down to the right, which is more stretching than horizontal writing.

Skimming is written in the same way as writing on the left and picking on the left. After starting the pen, use the pen to write down to the left, slightly increase the bending potential in the line, until the pen is forced to stop at less than two-thirds of the whole painting, twist the pen at the end of the painting, and slightly lift it to the left to make the pen return to the front of the line.

There are several ways to write hooks. Only the commonly used long hook writing is introduced here. After the stroke, we don't mention it, but use the pen to stroke down. When we reach the lower end of the shaft, we draw an approximately horizontal arc to the left in turn, and then lift the pen to the end of the arc.

PS: In addition, we should also pay attention to the writing of official script:

If a word has several horizontal overlaps, usually the last horizontal is written as dovetail and silkworm head, and the rest are short horizontal;

For example, there are both long stripes and long strokes in a word. Usually, a swallowtail silkworm head is used for long strokes, and long strokes are not used. For example, the word "big" is written as "big".

Second, the replication method

1, square scattered around.

The official script changed from the normal vertical position of seal script to the horizontal position, forming a flat shape, and the strokes contracted the vertical position and strengthened the horizontal exhibition.

2, pen silkworm head pen swallow tail

This is a typical feature of the pen used in official script, especially in official script, which almost always uses horizontal painting. The so-called "silkworm head" refers to hiding the (reverse) front in the process of using the pen, and at the same time writing the stroke shape formed in the process of starting the pen into a shape similar to that of the silkworm head. "Dovetail", that is, press the pen at the pen-receiving place, and then pick the pen obliquely to the upper right.

3. Turn a circle into a square and an arc into a straight line

If you don't know the circle of seal script, it is not easy to master the formula of official script. Because the straight painting or square folding in official script contains the arc potential of seal script, the straight of official script often has obvious ups and downs and is full of vitality. In fact, the brushwork of official script is based on the way of stroke movement.

4. Change the picture to a point and the connection to a break.

The points in the official script are independent, no longer attached to the painting, and the point methods are increasingly rich, including flat points, vertical points, left and right points, three points (by the water) and four points (by the fire).

In addition, Lishu also broke many strokes into circles and wrote them on the seal script.

5. Strengthen the thickness change of lifting.

In seal script, there is no trace of the vertical lifting of the pen, while the official script deliberately emphasizes the lifting, which forms a significant change in the thickness and inheritance of the stroke trajectory, and the three processes of starting, walking and collecting the pen are clearly reflected. This is very similar to later regular script.

Extended data:

In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified China, abolished the variant forms of the six countries and popularized Xiao Zhuan, but Xiao Zhuan was curved and round, with complicated strokes and inconvenient writing. In order to pursue efficiency, people use less seal script and more official script in real life. Shuo Wen Jie Zi records that Shu Qin has eight styles, and Li Shu ranks eighth.

Wei Heng, a calligrapher in the Western Jin Dynasty, said in Four-body Calligraphy: "Those who run official books are also masters of seal script." In Qing Dynasty, Shen said: "The trip of seal script is also a trip of servant." In the process of writing, seal script evolved into a more concise "cursive script", that is, official script. Compared with seal script, it is more convenient and easier to write.

In the past, due to the lack of historical materials, people had different opinions on the formation time of official script. Cheng Miao, a prison official in Qin Dynasty, made official script widely. Zhang Huaiguan, a book critic in the Tang Dynasty, said in "Shu Duan" that Cheng Miao, the chief of the Qin Dynasty, was good at writing seal script and was put in Yunyang prison for offending Qin Shihuang.

During his ten years in prison, he studied the font structure, changed the circle of Da Zhuan into a square fold, and created 3000 official script characters. Qin Shihuang was very happy when he saw him. He not only pardoned Cheng Miao's sin, but also promoted him to suggestion. Because Cheng Miao has a small official position and belongs to "Li", people call his words "Li". In fact, a font can't be created by one person.

Another less influential view is that Lishu originated in the Zhou Dynasty, represented by Li Daoyuan. He said in "Notes on Water Classics" that "the official was born in ancient times, not in Qin". It was not until a large number of bamboo slips and silk books were unearthed in modern times that people discovered that Qin had official scripts as early as the Warring States Period.

1980, Qingchuan wooden slips were unearthed at No.50, Haojiaping, Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province, about 309 BC. The wooden slips are made of ink calligraphy in Qin Dynasty, with smooth brushwork.

Compared with the bronze inscriptions before and at that time, it reduced the number of convolutions, simplified the complexity and gradually rounded the square; The font gradually changes from long and narrow to square or flat; Vertical and horizontal lines, large spacing between words and small spacing between lines are the development of the writing style of bamboo slips. Qingchuan wooden slips are the earliest known Qin bamboo slips. The style of official script in this period is called "Ancient Li".

The excavation of unearthed cultural relics, from the wooden slips in Qingchuan to the Qin slips in the Warring States Period in Fangmatan, Tianshui, to the sleeping tiger land in Yunmeng, recorded the mature process of official script and reflected the general trend of "official change" in this period.

By the time of the Western Han Dynasty, the official script had entered a mature stage, and it was written "gradually adding waves to enhance the decoration of China". After years of development, ancient Chinese characters have entered a period of stereotypes.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-Lishu

References:

People's Network-A Wave of Enlightened Literatures (Exploring Cipher Text)