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Because I read more classical novels in middle school, I can write letters in relatively simple classical Chinese in high school, and most of the novels I read are in traditional Chinese. After I went to college, I found it not difficult to recognize traditional Chinese characters. Later, I became interested in classical literature, which was not unrelated to the foundation laid by middle school.
1977 was admitted to Wuhan Normal University (now Hubei University). There is a big age gap among students in the same grade, and there are many students in senior three, and my knowledge is thicker than that of our younger classmates. Especially in the make-up exam shortly after I went to college, I failed the exam and felt a little inferior. In retrospect, inferiority is not a bad psychology, and pride is more terrible than inferiority. I feel inferior because I know my own shortcomings, and then I will get angry and try to surpass myself and others. When I was in college, I was really eager to study. At that time, I didn't expect to embark on the road of learning in the future. I just feel that my grades are not as good as others, and the school I attended is not a famous brand. I have always wanted to catch up with my classmates with better grades and those admitted to famous universities and get rid of my inferiority complex. I feel that the foundation of classical literature is better, so I focus on studying classical literature.
When I was a freshman, I began to recite classical literature every day. First of all, follow the teacher, tell a lesson and recite a lesson. Because you recite it faster, you recite it in advance. Recite the works in the textbook before reciting other selected books. I use the method of repeated memory. On the basis of understanding the meaning of the work, recite it once every morning, once again when walking after meals, once again before going to bed at night, and once again when exercising and running the next morning. After one week, review and recite all the works recited this week, and after one month, repeat all the contents recited this month. In this way, it is not easy to forget a work by reciting it three or four times a day and reviewing it once a week or a month.
In reciting kung fu, our generation of young scholars can't compare with the older generation of scholars. Although today's computers can quickly retrieve relevant information, they cannot replace human memory. Especially in the study of classical literature, it is difficult to improve one's artistic perception and judgment ability without storing some excellent works in one's mind. Creation is often based on association, and association often comes from memory. It is not enough to have new discoveries and original opinions on writers' works and only to improve their theoretical accomplishment. There is always another work or another work as a direct or potential reference when analyzing and evaluating a work or its quality. It's not impossible to find reference works temporarily, but I didn't remember them quickly. The most important thing is to remember more and be able to associate and discover new problems at any time. The essence of academic research lies in solving problems that predecessors have not solved or can't solve well, and the premise of solving problems is to be good at finding problems. Memory is the basis of finding problems.
In my freshman and sophomore years, I focused on pre-Qin literature in studying classical literature. Reciting mainly includes the Book of Songs, Chuci, essays of various schools of thought, historical essays and so on. I used to be interested in ancient Chinese, read some works on philology and phonology, and later found classical literature more interesting. The idea at that time was simple. Even if you can't learn classical literature in the future, you can entertain yourself. In fact, as long as you are interested, you can enjoy doing any study. During this time, I focused on studying pre-Qin literature and ancient Chinese, which laid a good writing foundation for my later study of Tang and Song literature.
In the third year of college, I began to learn to write papers. At that time, it happened that the academic circles were discussing frontier poems in Tang Dynasty, so I tried to write an article on frontier poems. Although the article failed to reach the published level, it was strongly encouraged and praised by the teacher, Professor Zhang Guoguang, and the self-confidence increased greatly, and the learning focus began to shift to the literature of Tang and Song Dynasties.
My academic research began with Zhang, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. I am used to the "comparative" reading method, that is, reading several books at the same time to see what different views the academic circles have on a particular topic or the study of a writer's works. In reading, I found that there are different opinions about Zhang's birth and death year and native place in literary history works and anthologies. I want to discuss which one is in line with reality. After reading Zhang's Return of Lu Chuan carefully, it is found that his age has been clearly mentioned in Zhang's works with clear chronology, so it is not difficult to determine his date of birth. So I want to know more about Zhang's life story. It turned out that as early as the 1960s, Mr. Wang had written a textual research article about the year of Zhang's birth and death, but at that time, I was studying, and I didn't know how to find a paper, but I only knew how to look for books in the library. However, for myself, the "ignorance" at that time aroused my interest in studying Zhang deeply. Otherwise, I may not think about it again until I know that someone has solved the problem. On the basis of understanding Zhang Shengnian, I wrote an article "Zhang Shengping Test" as my undergraduate thesis. Although the article clarifies some problems of Zhang Shengping, there are still many doubts. The materials on which this article is based are mainly Zhang's own works and general history books. Reading is very limited, and some problems cannot be solved naturally.
After graduating from college, he stayed on as a teacher and continued to collect information about Zhang. Three years later, I was admitted to the master's degree of Professor Zeng. Zeng Shi is not only good at the creation of classical poems, but also good at appreciation and analysis. He has profound attainments in philology, archaeology and edition collation, and he has made great efforts in writing, Wei and Feng Ci in Tang and Five Dynasties. So I decided to take Tang and Song Ci as the main direction and Zhang as the breakthrough. Under the guidance of Zeng Shi, I extensively read dozens of anthologies of poems and a large number of historical books of Zhang, and found many materials that my predecessors had not noticed, thus I wrote my master's degree thesis "Zhang Nianpu" and accumulated some historical materials of poets in Zhang's era.
two
1986-65438+In February, Zhao Min and Zeng Shi and I attended the second national seminar on Ci, and submitted a conference paper on Wang Yining and his Ci. Because Wang Yining's Ci is rarely mentioned, and his life story is even unknown, this article was first praised by Mr. Shi Zhecun and published in Ci edited by him. This is a great encouragement for me, a young scholar who just walked out of the grass. At this seminar, I learned that Mr. Tang Guizhang, the master of Ci, will recruit a second doctoral student. Ceng Laoshi decided to let me graduate with a master's degree one year ahead of schedule and apply for Mr. Tang's doctorate. If getting a postdoctoral degree is a fundamental turning point on my way to study, then Zeng Shi asked me to graduate one year ahead of schedule, which made me seize the rare opportunity in my life. The Shanghai Tzu Chi Society is an important opportunity.
Before applying for a doctorate, I have decided to take learning as the main way to realize the value of life, and to pursue the high realm and high taste of learning as my life goal. During my master's degree, although I have laid a certain foundation in literature, I still can't get rid of the original framework in my way of thinking, so I want to get a doctorate to continue my studies in order to surpass myself.
After some efforts, I finally got my wish and was admitted to Mr. Zhuizhang's school in Tang Dynasty, which was an eye-opener.
In reading methods, Mr. Tang instructed me to pay attention to vertical and horizontal reading. For example, he said, "When studying Zhang, we should not only read the anthologies of various writers in the same period as Zhang, but also read the anthologies of writers before and after Zhang." From this, I realize that to truly and thoroughly study a writer, we should not only be familiar with the writers of the same period, but also understand the writers before and after him. In other words, to study a writer, we must understand a group of writers and even a generation of writers. Although this workload is relatively large, only in this way can we really clarify the origin and evolution, artistic personality and contribution status of writers' works. Learning literature can not only look at literature, but also at books of history departments and departments, so as to fully grasp the information needed for learning literature. So I concentrated on reading some anthologies of a group of writers after Zhang, as well as some books of history department and sub-department, and obtained some new historical materials. I revised the Chronicle of Zhang, which was recommended by Mr. Tang and officially published by Nanjing Publishing House on 1989.
In the past, I spent a little more time on literature research, but my speculative ability and theoretical analysis were poor, so I often suffered. I used to think that I would only be engaged in the textual research and collation of documents and materials in the future. After learning my thoughts, Tang Shi encouraged me to say, "You young people should learn from each other's strengths and avoid their weaknesses. Since we know our own shortcomings, we must work hard to make up for them. " In order to improve my theoretical thinking ability, I have carefully read some original works of western philosophy. And reading Marx's German Ideology and 1844 political and economic manuscripts will gain more. When reading the manuscript, sometimes I only read one or two pages for a long time, carefully pondering the original argumentation ideas and methods, and trying to understand and grasp the analysis of a problem from which angles and levels. After eating this book, my critical thinking ability has been greatly improved unconsciously. Since then, my interest in philosophy has also been aroused. Whenever my literary thoughts are exhausted, I can always find new breakthroughs or new ideas by reading philosophical works. So I deeply understand that philosophy is a knowledge that makes people smart, intelligent and thoughtful.
In addition to benefiting from Tang Shi's specific guidance, I also pay more attention to widely absorbing the research methods of other scholars and teachers inside and outside the school. For example, I also took the initiative to give graduate students in our school an ancient literary theory class taught by teacher Wu Diaogong. In class, he also talked about the "comparative reading method". Let's compare the literary theories of Wellek and Warren with China's classic literary theory "Wen Xin Diao Long". After class, I carefully read these two masterpieces and compared their similarities and differences from the perspective of literary history and literary research methods. Although I didn't write a paper, I learned and understood the theoretical spirit of these two famous books and increased my literary theoretical accomplishment.
For example, Mr. Shen Yucheng, the late Institute of Literature of China Academy of Social Sciences, once said in a chat that Mr. Fu Xuancong of Zhonghua Book Company used the method of "sweeping the net". Every time he reads a book, he writes down all the necessary and possibly useful information to avoid reading a book repeatedly for different research topics. I also tried to use this reading method, and it really worked well. While continuing to collect the research materials, I also collected the materials of other poets. Earlier, I wrote a chronicle, 1.5 thousand words, and it took six years before and after collecting materials. The Chronicle of 400,000 Song People (Taipei Jinwen Publishing House, 1994 edition) only took more than one year from collecting information for it to writing. I am reading several voluminous works, such as The League of Three Dynasties to the North, Li Xinchuan's Yearbook Since the Establishment of Yan, Wang Chang's Jinshi, and Lu Zengxiang's Eight Qiong's Jinshi School. While collecting the life stories of the poets in the Song Dynasty, I also paid attention to collecting the relevant materials of many themes that I could think of at that time, and compiled the theme index and name index of these works by myself. This provided great convenience for later writing the doctoral thesis "A Study of Poets in Southern Song Dynasty" (Taipei Jinwen Publishing House, 1992 edition). A series of papers written on the eve of doctoral graduation, a large number of original materials are collected together with other materials, and there is no special reference for this topic.
For the explorer who just entered the school gate, how to write a paper, how to control and use the materials, and from what angles to cut in and demonstrate? It is also a troublesome problem. I used to feel confused and confused about this. On one occasion, Professor Chen Yixin from the Chinese Department of Peking University once talked about his graduate studies, and often used his articles to polish his writing ideas and methods, and discussed and verified them with him. I was also greatly inspired. There is a process of copying inscriptions when practicing calligraphy. Only by mastering the basic brush strokes and layout norms can we seek change. The same is true of writing articles. But the copying of writing articles is to imitate the writing skills and methods of former sages, not to follow their views and materials. I once spent a month studying the works of a number of famous scholars, such as Essays on Ci Poetry, Textual Research on Ancient Poetry by Cheng, Research on Li Shangyin by Wu Diaogong, Essays on Tang Poetry by Chen Yixin, Imperial Examination and Literature in Tang Dynasty by Fu Xuancong and Chronicle of Li Deyu, and Research on Ci Poetry by Yuan Xingpei. Since then, I have broadened my research horizons and improved my writing ability. My doctoral thesis was inspired by previous works in writing structure. This doctoral thesis is divided into three parts: the upper part, the middle part and the lower part, and discusses the development and evolution of Song Ci from different angles. The first part discusses the group activities and group consciousness of Du Nan poets. This research has not been paid attention to by predecessors, and it needs a lot of original materials to prove it. However, the whole paper is theoretical and analytical, and too many references to original materials will affect the fluency of writing. I was inspired by Mr. Chen Yixin's works, that is, I put the relevant argumentation materials into my notes, and the text only gives conclusive opinions. This ensures that the style of the last article is consistent with that of the next article, and it is also concise and smooth to read.
From copying to breakthrough, we still need to learn from and understand. Plagiarism is to break through and surpass. To break through and surpass, we should not be limited to the theories and methods of this discipline, but should learn from the theories and methods of other neighboring disciplines and integrate them with the original theoretical methods of this discipline, so as to form our own academic personality, open up new research topics or put forward new opinions. During his Ph.D., he extensively dabbled in literary sociology, reception aesthetics, communication, philosophy of science, narratology, psychology and other theoretical works, which enriched his theoretical accomplishment.
From the theory of literary sociology, I have borrowed some theories and methods to study the generation of writers. In the doctoral thesis, according to the process of the generation replacement of poets in the Song Dynasty, the Song Ci is divided into new stages. Professor Cui Haizheng of Jinan University, after reviewing the research results of Song Ci staging for decades, thinks that my view on Song Ci staging is "the most comprehensive and detailed exposition on Song Ci staging so far, and its innovation and originality are self-evident." (China Phonology Magazine 1996.438+0)
Inspired by narratology, reception aesthetics, philosophy of science and other theories, I made a new discussion on the development and evolution of Tang and Song Ci from the perspective of lyric paradigm, and put forward some new viewpoints, which attracted the attention of colleagues in the field of Ci at home and abroad. Relevant achievements are mainly reflected in Dongpo Paradigm (literary heritage 1989.5) and Research on Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. When commenting on the research status of Su Shi's ci in recent years, Cui Hai thinks that "the new proposition of Dongpo Paradigm should be the most creative in the study of the ontological characteristics of Dongpo's ci", which "demonstrates the ontological characteristics of Dongpo's ci, and indeed shows a broad vision and strong penetrating power, which makes people think deeply" (Introduction to Dongpo's ci research, Literary Heritage 1998) Professor Huang Wenji, Ph.D. in Taiwan Province Province, commented in the Bibliographic Summary of the History of China Literature published in Taiwan Province Province that The Study of Song Ci Groups is the representative of future methodological innovation and change (Taipei Wanjuanlou Co., Ltd.1February 996 edition). The research on the group of poets in Song Dynasty has also been fully affirmed by the mainland ci scholars. 1996 won the first prize of the second (1989 1992) Summer Ci Award.
The related theories of psychology also have a great influence on me. The novella A Study of the Poets in the Southern Song Dynasty focuses on the analysis of the poets' mentality in the Southern Song Dynasty, which not only benefits from the artistic perception and understanding of the poet's background and life experience, but also benefits from the theories and methods of psychology. The spread mode of Song Dynasty literature and its influence on the development of Song Dynasty literature have never been noticed by predecessors. The article "A Preliminary Study on the Written Communication Mode of Song Dynasty Literature" (literary criticism) is the first time to make a concrete discussion on this. Although the articles are all based on specific historical materials, there is not much theoretical analysis, and new theoretical concepts are not directly quoted, but the idea of this topic is inspired by communication theory.
Three years of studying abroad is the most crucial three years on my way to study. Because I am eager to learn and have a good learning environment, there are many famous scholars in Nanjing. I can be impressed by the strength of various schools and have a rich collection of books, which also makes me feel like a duck to water. I can swim in the sea of books for eleven or twelve hours every day. In these three years, my knowledge structure, way of thinking, research methods and theoretical literacy have undergone fundamental changes and breakthroughs. In particular, Mr. Tang's personality spirit of being indifferent to fame and fortune, concentrating on academics and his open-minded attitude of learning from others have benefited me all my life. His personality charm and academic spirit of Excellence have always inspired me, and I dare not slack off. Otherwise, it is the shame cultivated by previous teachers.
three
After returning to my alma mater, Hubei University, and graduating from 1990, my research scope is still focused on Tang and Song Ci and Tang and Song Poetry. As far as the research level is concerned, in the past ten years, it has gone from catalogue version, compilation and collation, appraisal and textual research to appreciation and interpretation, theoretical analysis, from individual writer research to writer group research, from micro-research to macro-research.
Bibliography is the basic way to enter the door of learning. If you don't understand bibliography, it's difficult to fully possess information and find new materials. To study a writer's works, we must first know how many and which works he has. To understand a writer's works, we must first understand which versions of his works are available. If you want to know the version of the portfolio in detail, you must be familiar with the study of the version catalogue. Mr Tang Guizhang, a former teacher, is good at learning the version of ci. Under his influence, I also pay more attention to the study of version catalogue. He has written Textual Research on the Version of Zhang Luchuan's Returned Collection (Journal of Nanjing Normal University 1988.2) and Textual Research on the Version of Song Lian's Collected Works (Research on Song Lian and the First Family in Jiangnan, Hangzhou University Press1May 1995). In the Chronicle of Song Ci, the source and distribution of Ci by Ge and his son, Ye Mengde, Lu Benzhong and others were also investigated in detail. He also wrote all versions of Tang and Song Ci into the Dictionary of Song Ci (edited by my classmate Dr. Liu Zunming and published by Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House). Jin is responsible for the task of compiling the National Key Project of Ancient Books Arrangement "China Ancient Books Catalogue Summary". At present, I am writing the manuscript of The General Theory of Ci Historical Materials, a series of China literary historical materials invited by Zhonghua Book Company.
Familiarity and understanding of the catalogue version also provide great convenience for my research work. At the request of Zhonghua Book Company, teachers and friends and I sorted out five pronouns of the whole Tang poetry. If you are not familiar with the version catalogue, it is difficult to edit and proofread this generation collection smoothly. For example, there are several collating editions of The Book of Changes in the late Tang Dynasty with different characters, but only three or four editions are known by ordinary scholars at home and abroad, and I have collected eight kinds of old banknotes and engravings collected at home and abroad, which provided a comprehensive basis for determining the number of words in the first series of The Book of Changes in the South of the Yangtze River, thus formulating the ten-year plan for the collation and publication of ancient books in China and the eighth five-year key project. I also wrote a text, "Looking at the South of the Yangtze River" and the author's textual research (the fourth volume of "Chinese Studies"), which made a detailed textual research on the source and development of this collection and the authenticity of the relevant authors.
The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty contains 40 poems written by poets in the late Tang Dynasty, which met the poems written by Dai in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty. Whether they are Tang poems or Dai's works is quite controversial. On the basis of finding out the source of Tang and Dai's poems, according to the internal evidence of the works, he wrote Forty Pseudopoems of Tang Dynasty (No.52 in China Literature and History Series), and verified that these mutually seen poems should be Dai's works, which were forged into Tang poetry collections in the Ming Dynasty. The research results have been recognized by experts. The focus of my reading and research was originally words, and the reason why I can solve some difficult problems in Tang poetry is also because of bibliography works. My former teacher, Mr. Tang Guizhang, taught me to read during my blog.