1. vitality
Children's demand for energy usually includes basic metabolism, growth and development, physical activity and special dynamic function of food. The basal metabolic rate of infants is higher than that of adults. The energy needed for growth and development is unique to children. Every time 1g tissue is added to the body, a dietitian in Shenzhen needs about 18.4 ~ 23.8 kj(4.4 ~ 5.7 kcal) of energy.
2. protein
Compared with adults, children's demand for protein is not only relatively large, but also higher in quality. Generally speaking, the energy provided by protein should account for 12% ~ 15% of the total dietary energy, and half of it should be high-quality protein. www.ExamW.CoM
3. Fat
1 ~ 3-year-old children, the energy provided by fat should be 30% ~ 35%, and a proper amount of fat in children's diet is also helpful to stimulate appetite. The essential fatty acids in children's dietary fat should account for 1% of total energy, so as to ensure normal growth and prevent desquamation dermatitis.
4. carbohydrates
Although children have been able to produce digestive enzymes to digest various carbohydrates, children under 2 years old should not get more energy from starch and sugar, because foods rich in carbohydrates account for a large volume, which may inappropriately reduce the nutritional density and total energy intake of foods.
5. minerals
Calcium: From 1 year-old to1year-old, it is estimated that the daily average calcium storage for bone growth will increase from 70mg to 150mg, and the calcium absorption rate in diet is only 35%. Milk and its products are the best source of dietary calcium. r/>； Iron: Because the dietary iron of children in China (especially in rural areas) is mainly plant iron with low absorption rate, iron deficiency anemia in early childhood has become a common and frequently-occurring disease. A good food source in the diet is the liver and blood of animals.
Zinc: When infants are deficient in zinc, there will be phenomena such as slow growth and development, decreased taste, loss of appetite, anemia, poor wound healing and low immune function. The best food sources of zinc are clams and shellfish, such as oysters and scallops.
Iodine: iodine has a great influence on the growth and development of infants, and iodine deficiency in early childhood will affect the growth and development. Foods with high iodine content are mainly seafood, such as kelp, laver, marine fish, shrimp and shellfish.
6. Vitamins
Vitamin A: Vitamin A is related to growth, bone development, reproduction, vision and anti-infection. Because vitamin A can accumulate in the liver and can be poisoned in excess, it should not be given to children blindly.
Vitamin D: Young children are also prone to vitamin D deficiency, which can lead to rickets. There are few dietary sources of vitamin D. The main source is that the skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays during outdoor activities, so that 7- dehydrocholesterol is converted into vitamin D. Children can also supplement cod liver oil containing vitamin D in moderation.
Other vitamins: Vitamin B 1 is a water-soluble vitamin, which is stored in the body very little and needs to be supplemented from the diet every day.