The whole poem writes the joy of self-satisfaction with the pen of self-freedom, and strings the trivial events of neighborhood obedience in daily life into a flowing stream. The first two sentences, "It's a fine day in spring and autumn, climb high and write new poems", are implicitly derived from the end of the first poem, "Appreciating the strangeness, writing strangeness and analyzing doubts". The articles are disjointed, cleverly connected and natural. Starting with the word "Spring and Autumn", this paper summarizes the whole article, indicating that what is described in the poem is not the "accidental true interest" (Xie Zhen's Poem Four Styles), but the common fun in life all year round. Whenever it is sunny in spring or cloudy in autumn, it has always been cited as an elegant victory by literati. For Tao Yuanming, after the Chaisang fire, he moved to Nancun, and he was even more gratified to own this place. Mountain climbing is not only a good day in the spring and autumn period, but also a day of slack farming. This is a busy season. For a scholar-bureaucrat who is leisurely all day, this is by no means interesting, not to mention those "simple-hearted people" and * * * in the same village who enjoy new poems together. Therefore, the literati's sense of elegance and vulgarity has an unusual significance in this poem. These two sentences are meaningful, but they are inadvertently revealed. Although it is impossible to describe the scenery in words, the scenery is so beautiful that Gao Shuang is worth appreciating. The poet's expression is so broad that it is just around the corner.
Moving to Nancun has both the pleasure of climbing mountains and reciting poems and the pleasure of drinking with neighbors: "If you cross the door, you will be more popular. If you have wine, you will count." These two sentences have nothing to do with the previous events, but if you understand the poetry of wine tasting, these four sentences seem acceptable. You don't need to make a phone call at the door, and you don't need to make a phone call at the invitation between literati. Attitude is rural, more casual. Shouting, not worrying about manners, simple tone, but seeing the truth of family. The meaning of "calling each other" may be that neighbors have wine and deliberately invite poets to drink; It may also be that the poet invited his neighbor to drink when he had wine, or that the neighbor visited and considered it together when he had wine to enjoy new poems. Du Fu said, "Do you want to call my old neighbor and shout over the fence to empty the jar? "("Guests Arrive ")" Tell that woman to open a big bottle and put it in a basin to get it for me. ? The conductor is rude and doesn't feel ugly in the countryside. " All kinds of realms can be appreciated in these two sentences of Tao's poems, so the more subtle they are.
Of course, people don't drink and have fun all day. They are usually busy with farming, and when they get together in their leisure time, they feel endless interest: "When they are busy with farming, they go to their respective homes and miss each other in their leisure time. Acacia wears clothes and laughs endlessly. " Buy each other a drink if you have wine, and go home if you have something to do. In this small south village, the relationship between people is very real and sincere. "Going home separately" originally refers to farming at home during busy farming, but it is literally linked with the last sentence about drinking, with the same meaning, giving people the impression that drinking is scattered and farming is busy. This is better than the first four sentences, using the coherence between sentences, from the time sequence and poetic internal relations, the common trivial things in daily life can be easily integrated into a whole. This sentence not only resisted the drinking in the previous sentence, but also led to the acacia in the next sentence. Go home when you are busy, miss you when you are free, and miss you again. It seems that calling the door means repetition, leading to a cycle. "Acacia Wearing Clothes" deliberately uses the common thimble pattern of folk songs, emphasizing this repetition, because the repetition of syllables makes the brushwork more fluent and free. This repetitive composition is very common in China's poems, such as Su Wushi, Nineteen Ancient Poems of Northwest Tall Buildings and Nineteen Ancient Poems. Among them, there is the charm of singing praises because of overlapping cycles and doing their best. Tao Yuanming doesn't have to repeat the rules and regulations, but only uses the meaning of circle to form the reciprocating rhyme, which is exactly what he took from the French and Han people and is original. Besides, this is not a simple repetition, but a poetic deepening. Drinking at home can only show the truth of your feelings, and only when you are idle can you see the depth of your friendship. Put on clothes, it can be seen that even if you are asleep, you can always recruit each other. After meeting each other, you can talk and laugh, which will make poetry go further. If the relationship between the door and the neighbors shows that the communication between poets and villagers is not limited by empty rituals, then it shows that their party time is not limited by vulgar etiquette. Therefore, writing the simple friendship between the poet and his neighbors to the extreme will also pour out the natural joy of rejecting hypocrisy. At this time, poetry reached its climax, and it is extremely natural to sigh that "this principle will be invincible, and inaction will suddenly come here." These two sentences buckle the topic of migration, write down the desire to live here for a long time, and also summarize the joy of submission mentioned above. We don't say "this joy", we say "this truth" because there is truth in joy, and we realize the philosophy of life that nature is above all else from the pleasure of ease. On the surface, this quick and self-sufficient pleasure embodies the principle of nature, which is no different from the metaphysical view of nature of ordinary aristocratic literati in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Xizhi said in the preface to the Lanting Collection: "The lady's phase has been pitching all her life, or talking about a room arm in arm; Let the waves go because of the entrustment. Although the fun is different, the calmness is different. When it is happy with what it meets, it is temporarily self-sufficient I didn't know that old age was coming. " It seems that it can also be used to explain the true interest of the second part of Tao Yuanming's two movements. But both of them are the joy of "harmony with people" and the joy of meeting people, and their essence and expression are very different. The gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty prided themselves on their nobility and superior social status. They ate and kept in good health every day, talked about Hyunri and met people at banquets and gatherings. For a time, they were aristocratic families and celebrities. The temporary pleasure of sightseeing is nothing more than doing nothing and pretending to be elegant; The Hyunri they placed seems unfathomable, but it is just a parasitic philosophy of emptiness and laziness. Although Tao Yuanming's view of nature is still based on metaphysics, his interest in nature is to get rid of the false and dirty dust net and regard the countryside as a paradise to return to nature. The people he associates with are simple and hardworking farmers and like-minded neighbors; Hyunri, entrusted by him, is simple and lively, which is the true meaning of life he realized after he personally participated in agricultural labor. Therefore, at the end of this poem, the second sentence is "suddenly follow the farming, work hard to get enough food and clothing, and enjoy it for the first time." It is easy to be under-served, so you can be happy for a long time, so you can warn yourself that there is no harm at first, but you can correct the abnormality with a pen "(Zhang Yugu's Appreciation of Ancient Poetry). Finally, it is pointed out that the root of natural pleasure lies in hard work, which is the core of Tao Yuanming's view of nature. "Life belongs to the Tao, and food and clothing are solid. What do you mean, don't camp, but seek self-protection? " The poet believes that only through productive labor and self-sufficient food and clothing can we enjoy quiet natural scenery, pure human friendship and understand the highest Hyunri-the way of nature. This theory of "nature is promising", which advocates intensive cultivation, is in direct opposition to the theory of "natural inaction" of the gentry in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It is the product of Tao Yuanming's criticism and transformation of the gentry's metaphysics with the simple materialistic world outlook of small producers. This poem begins with joy and ends with diligence, interspersed with farming. Although Syaraku is the main theme, exploration is the main theme in the end, and composition and poetry complement each other. However, there is no trace of axe luck. The whole article lists the rambling events in daily communication, which runs through the natural joy, full of romance, ups and downs, intermittent and unprovoked, fluent in language and profound in meaning, so it seems dull and slow, but in fact it is very natural and muddy.
It can be seen that poetry is based on reason, and the noblest person should be one who is good at changing reason in emotion. At the turn of the Jin and Song Dynasties, the mysterious wind was blazing, and most poets could talk about it. Most of the elements in landscape poems are criticized by later generations, while Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems are full of reasoning works, which have won a high reputation. The reason is that the landscape poems just separated from metaphysical poems are mostly based on nature, and the reason is redundant in words; Tao poetry, on the other hand, can be reasoned with emotion, rational and unreasonable, interesting beyond pen and ink, and revealing true feelings in images. This calm and natural state has set a high artistic standard for future generations.