Huangdi Neijing is a classic work with great influence in the history of medical development in China, which laid the theoretical foundation of traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, it comprehensively summarizes the achievements of ancient health preservation before Qin and Han dynasties, which still has important value and guiding significance. Its theory of health preservation is systematic and rich, which is divided into two levels, one is the basic principle of health preservation, and the other is the specific method of health preservation.
First, heaven and man are one, and Taoism is natural.
Huangdi Neijing holds that man is a part of nature, and changes in nature, such as seasonal climate, morning and evening, and geographical location, will affect people's life activities, and the human body will also change accordingly to adapt to changes in the external environment. This kind of thinking of correspondence between man and nature is called correspondence between man and nature.
Therefore, the first principle of health preservation is the unity of heaven and man, and the Tao is natural. On the one hand, health care should follow the laws of natural climate season and day and night, adjust the body according to the changes of nature, and make life activities harmonious with nature, and put forward the four seasons health care method; On the other hand, human survival is also inseparable from the social environment. People have both natural and social attributes, and people's health is bound to be affected by social environmental factors. Therefore, human health must adapt to the changes of social environment while adapting to the four seasons. For example, "On the Alternation of Su Wen and Qi" said: "The Taoist knows astronomy from above, geography from below, and personnel from the middle, which can last for a long time."
(B) unity of form and spirit, internal defense of spirit
Form is the body, which is the material basis of human body, including five internal organs, six internal organs, five facial features and nine orifices, all of which are visible and have certain shapes. God refers to mental and psychological activities and external manifestations. Physical health, normal mental health and harmony in form and spirit are the basic guarantees for maintaining health and longevity. Emphasize physical exercise, meditation, proper exercise, and physical and mental cultivation.
Neijing emphasizes the important role of mental psychology in human body. If you are optimistic and cheerful, the functions of the five internal organs are coordinated and unified, and the qi and blood run smoothly, which is beneficial to human health. If you are depressed, you will directly hurt the viscera of the human body, affect the function of the viscera, cause abnormal operation of qi and blood, and produce various diseases. Neijing puts forward: "Nothing is indifferent, the true qi will follow, and the spirit will be hidden inside. Is it safe?"
Therefore, the second principle of health preservation is the unity of form and spirit, and the spirit is kept inside. Including three levels of self-management or self-control, one is meditation, to get out of the upset and calm down; The second is to concentrate on getting out of the temptation of power and money. Focus on one or two things and do special things; The third is to control the mind, control the wild horse of self-spirit and psychology, and integrate knowledge and practice to achieve the perfect combination of health, wealth and rights.
(3) the method of yin and yang, strengthening the body resistance and eliminating evil spirits.
The law is based on yin and yang, that is, health preservation must first know how to adjust the yin and yang of the human body by adapting to the changing law of yin and yang in nature. This is an overall adjustment principle under the guidance of the concept of "correspondence between man and nature". Yin and Yang is a cognitive method that the ancients split into two in order to distinguish the attributes of things or phenomena. For example, the changes of yin and yang in the four seasons are reflected in the changes of cold and heat and dryness and dampness. According to the changes of cold and summer and seasons, protect and improve the healthy qi of human body, and avoid harmful pathogens invading human body and causing diseases. The change of yin and yang and the alternation of cold and heat in nature maintain the balance, coordination and development of the earth's environment in the process of mutual growth and decline. So do people. The viscera, meridians, qi and blood of the human body are in this dynamic balance.
Therefore, Neijing believes that the key to maintaining life is to maintain the balance of yin and yang in the human body. Many health care methods embody this principle, such as combining work and rest. For example, in diet, the diet should be moderate, that is, neither too hungry nor too full, neither too cold nor too hot, and the five flavors should be balanced and not biased, so as to maintain the balance and coordination of yin and yang of the five internal organs, thus "healthy qi is stored inside, and evil is not feasible." Therefore, the third principle of health preservation is to treat yin and yang, strengthen the body resistance and eliminate evil spirits. The key to disease prevention and health care is to maintain healthy qi and enhance the ability to resist diseases and pathogens.
To sum up, Neijing formed a systematic and rich theory of health preservation on the basis of inheriting predecessors, which laid a solid foundation for the development of health preservation in later generations. Neijing: The principles and methods of health preservation put forward are still very practical and scientific, even with the rapid development of science and technology today. We should actively study and explore the theory of health preservation in Neijing, absorb the essence, and make the ancient theory of traditional Chinese medicine make greater contributions to human health.