Tieguanyin belongs to oolong tea and is one of the top ten famous teas in China. Between green tea and black tea, it belongs to semi-fermented tea. It is one of the seven major teas in China, including green tea, black tea, green tea (oolong tea), white tea, yellow tea, black tea and scented tea. According to the book "Making Tea" compiled by the National Agricultural College, "The origin of green tea (oolong tea) was created and invented by working people in Anxi, Fujian Province in the third to thirteenth year of the Qing Dynasty (1725- 1735), which was first introduced to northern Fujian and then to Taiwan Province Province." Tieguanyin, with its excellent quality and unique fragrance, has been copied from one place to another, spreading all over southern Fujian, northern Fujian, Guangdong, Taiwan Province Province and other oolong tea areas. In the 1970s, there was an "oolong tea craze" in Japan, and oolong tea became popular all over the world. Some green tea producing areas such as Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei and Guangxi. Oolong tea production technology has been introduced one after another, and "green to black" (that is, green tea becomes oolong tea) has been implemented. At present, there are four major oolong tea producing areas in China, namely, southern Fujian, northern Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province. Fujian has the longest production history, the largest output and the best quality, especially Anxi Tieguanyin and Wuyi Rock Tea. In recent years, Huaan Tieguanyin, which is separated from Anxi Chashan by a mountain and the second largest Tieguanyin production base in China, has also begun to emerge.

Tieguanyin is not only fragrant and mellow, but also a natural and delicious drink, and its health care function is also outstanding in tea. Modern medical research shows that Tieguanyin not only has the health care function of ordinary tea, but also has the functions of anti-aging, anti-cancer, anti-arteriosclerosis, preventing and treating diabetes, losing weight and bodybuilding, preventing and treating dental caries, clearing away heat and reducing fire, and relieving hangover. Tieguanyin was introduced from Anxi County, Fujian Province in the eighth year of the Republic of China, and it can be divided into "Tieguanyin with red heart" and "Tieguanyin with green heart". The main producing area is Wenshan period, with thick branches and loose leaves, few buds and thick leaves, and low yield. However, the quality of wrapped tea is higher, and the production period is later than that of Qingxin oolong tea. Slightly arboreal, with oval, thick and fleshy leaves. The leaves are flat and stretched, which is suitable for Tieguanyin tea seed production.

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Anxi, the birthplace of Tieguanyin, is not only the hometown of Tieguanyin, a famous tea in the world, but also the birthplace of Huang Jingui, a famous tea in China, and an oolong tea export base county in Fujian Province. Anxi has a long history of tea production, unique natural conditions and excellent tea quality, which is well-known at home and abroad. According to the Records of Anxi County, tea production in Anxi began in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and flourished in the contemporary era. It has a history of more than 1000 years, and has been known as "Dragon and Phoenix Famous Area" and "Southern Fujian Tea Capital" since ancient times. 1March, 995, Anxi county was named "the hometown of oolong tea in China" by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 200 1 year, it was identified as "the first batch of national pollution-free agricultural products (tea) production base counties" by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Foreign Trade as "national horticultural products (tea) export demonstration zone"; In 2002, it was recognized as "the famous base of southern subtropical crops (oolong tea)" by the Ministry of Agriculture. In 2004, Anxi Tieguanyin was listed as a "geographical protection product" by the state.

Since ancient times, "famous tea hides famous mountains, and famous mountains are famous for tea." Anxi Tieguanyin is "created" by the natural ecological environment with green mountains and green waters and beautiful scenery.

Characteristics of Guanyin tea

Tieguanyin is the best oolong tea. Its quality characteristics are: the tea strips are curly, fat and round, thick and even, and the color is sand green. The overall shape is like dragonfly head, spirochete and frog leg. After brewing, the soup is golden and rich as amber, with natural and rich orchid fragrance, mellow and sweet taste, and has a long history of returning to Gansu, commonly known as "rhyme". Tieguanyin tea has a high and lasting aroma, which can be described as "seven bubbles are more fragrant".

Appearance: The rope body is plump and round, the dragonfly is head-shaped, heavy, the branches are hard, the bark is neat, most leaves curl to the back of the leaves, the color is dark and oily, and the sand green is obvious (most of the fringe has been removed in the new process).

Endoplasm: the aroma is rich and lasting, with obvious phonology, and there are clear fragrances such as orchid fragrance, raw peanut fragrance and coconut fragrance; The tea soup is golden and orange, with mellow and sweet taste, slightly honey flavor and fresh sweetness.

Bottom of leaves: round branches, red and bright stems, wide and thick petioles (palm leaf pedicles), thick, soft and bright leaves, and wavy leaves, called "satin".

Core characteristics: dry tea is thick and dark green; The aroma of tea soup is obvious, with a sense of hierarchy and thickness; Comments on the bottom of leaves should be thick, soft and bright.

Distinguishing the fine Tieguanyin is a profound knowledge. Famous tea teachers and old tea people in Anxi can distinguish the quality of tea by observing the appearance and smelling the fragrance. The highest can tell where the tea in Hecun is produced, how old the tea tree is, and the outstanding can also be tasted by famous tea teachers. When a layman drinks Tieguanyin, he can distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of tea by observing the shape, listening to the sound, observing the color, smelling the fragrance and tasting the rhyme.

Appearance: High-quality Tieguanyin tea leaves are curly and light, with green belly and dragonfly head, fresh and moist color, sand green, leaves with bright red spots and hoarfrost.

Color inspection: the soup is golden yellow, rich and clear. After the tea leaves are brewed and unfolded, the bottom of the leaves is thick and bright (one of the characteristics of Tieguanyin tea leaves is outward bending), with silky luster. This is the top, and the back is dark red soup. Fuyun no.6

(1) originated from Fujian Tea Research Institute, and was bred by the offspring of natural hybridization between Fuding Dabai and Yunnan Daye.

(2) Morphological characteristics: this species is a small tree with large leaves, half-spread tree posture, strong branching ability, dense branches and internode length of 4. 1 cm. Most of the leaves are horizontal or slightly drooping, with a length of 1 1.5 ~ 15.3 cm and a width of 4.5 ~ 4.9 cm. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, green in color, strong in luster, soft, smooth, inflexed, straight in edge, shallow and sparse in serrations, and gradually pointed at the tip. The young leaves are green; Fat, hairy, strong budding ability, but poor tenderness, one bud with three leaves is 9.4 cm long and weighs 0.96 g, corolla diameter is 3.4 ~ 3.8 cm, petals are 6 ~ 7, sepals are 5 ~ 6, stigma is 3-lobed, pistil is higher than stamens, and ovary is hairy.

(3) Growth characteristics: The variety germinated in the middle and late February and was mined in the middle and early March, belonging to the early bud variety. The dormancy period in northern Guangxi began in the middle and late June of 10, and in southern Guangxi it began in the middle of June of 12. The initial flowering period is 65438+1early October, the full flowering period is 65438+1late October ~165438+1late October, the seed setting ability is medium, and the seed maturity period is 65438+1late October. This variety

High yield, strong drought resistance, cold resistance and disease resistance, but vulnerable to mites and green leafhoppers.

(4) Biochemical composition and adaptability According to the determination, this variety contains 36.88% water, 25.95% tea polyphenols, 2.28% total amino acids, 3.43% caffeine and catechin 1.5 1.24mg/g, which is suitable for making green tea and black tea. At present, it is mainly used to make green tea, especially to make high-grade green tea (flat tea and rough tea) in spring. The prepared Maojian tea is emerald green, slender, with white hair exposed, rich in aroma, green and bright in soup color and mellow and refreshing in taste.

(5) It has the characteristics of 1, has strong regeneration ability, and is suitable for asexual propagation and popularization; 2. Strong resistance, fast growth of young trees, quick garden formation and strong adaptability, which can be popularized as the main variety, but attention should be paid to the harm of mites; 3. Germination is early, and some middle and late bud seeds can be planted to adjust the peak picking period and endosperm concentration.