Scientific name: frangipani Rubbra? Var.acutifolia?

Latin scientific name PumeriarubraLcv Sharp leaves? Evergreen plants. ?

Alias: Burmese gardenia, yolk flower, big season flower?

Family and Genus: Apocynaceae, Plumeria?

Plumeria habit:?

The original species of rambutan, with bright red flowers, is rare, and most of them are cultivated varieties. The flower is 5-6 cm long, with reddish-white outside and yellow inside base, which is often called "? The crown is white and the heart is yellow, which is shaped like egg white with yolk, hence the name. "Every August and September, when the flowers bloom, they all exude the refreshing smell of eggs and flowers. Visitors who have been to Qixingyan, Gaoyao County, Guangdong Province, can taste a unique drink-egg scented tea, which is actually tea brewed with dried plumeria. ?

There are about 7 kinds of plumeria. Plumeria originated in tropical America and is now widely planted in tropical areas. In some countries, it is often planted around temples, so it is also called "temple tree" or "tower tree". There are many cultivated plants in southern provinces of China, and there are plants of two colors. This kind of tree seldom bears fruit, but it is easy to survive by cutting and does not need sowing and reproduction. AD？ Before 1778, there was a record of egg flower cultivation in history books. According to this calculation, Egg Flower has settled in China for hundreds of years. This kind of flower is brightly colored, quite like egg yolk, so it is also called frangipani and egg yolk flower. Guangdong is located in the subtropical zone, with long summer and short sunshine in winter, which is very suitable for the growth of egg flowers. Therefore, both urban and rural areas in Guangdong plant eggs and flowers, greening and beautifying gardens. Besides being used for garden viewing, the most important function of egg flower is to make tea. Egg flower is yellow, lavender, fleshy, elegant, simple and clean, very lovely. Pick the egg flower from the tree and soak it in boiling water. It will be fragrant and smooth. Dried plumeria can make good tea. ?

What are the morphological characteristics of plumeria?

Deciduous shrub or small tree It is a small deciduous tree or shrub of the genus Plumeria of Apocynaceae, with a height of about 5-8 meters. Strong branches, fleshy stems, rich in milk, green and hairless. Branchlets are plump and fleshy. The leaves are large and thick, papery, mostly clustered at the top of branches, and the veins are connected to one side near the leaf edge. Several flowers are clustered at the top of the branch. The corolla is tubular, about 5-6 cm in diameter, 5-lobed, milky white outside, bright yellow in the center, extremely fragrant, spirally scattered, with white petals and golden petals, as if the egg flower was wrapped by protein. The flowering period is May-10, and the fruiting period is July-12. Generally speaking, cultivated plants seldom bear fruit. Plumeria blossoms in summer, fragrant and elegant; After the leaves fall, the bare trunk naturally bends and looks beautiful. Suitable for planting in courtyards and grasslands or potted plants. ?

In the garden courtyard, the plant height is 3 meters to 5 meters, the trunk is not straight, often twisted and skewed, the branches are fleshy, the tender branches are slightly purple halo, and the branches are long and short, like antlers. Leaves alternate, thick papery, oblong or rectangular, 20 cm to 30 cm long and 7 cm to 10 cm wide, sparsely clustered on the upper branches. In summer and autumn (May to 65438+1October), cymes grow from the top of branches, with several to more than ten flowers, which is quite interesting. The flower buds are reddish, the lower part of the corolla is tubular, the upper part is split, and the lobes are obovate, covering the left side. Corolla outer white reddish, full red rarely, inner base yellow. "The crown is white and the heart is yellow" is like egg white wrapped with egg yolk, so it is named frangipani, also known as Mianzhi, which is an evergreen plant of frangipani in Apocynaceae. When cultivated in temperate zone, fallen leaves fall easily in winter. In the south of China, it can be planted in fields or flowerpots. Only potted plants can be planted in the Yangtze River valley and its north, with a height of 80 cm to 150 cm, which will give off fragrance when flowering?

Propagation and cultivation of frangipani?

Plumeria likes hot and humid climate, bears drought, likes to be born in calcareous rocks, and it is easy to survive by cutting propagation. Generally speaking, it is advisable to cut branches from the base of branches in the middle and late May, the length is 20-30 cm, and white milk flows out of the incision, which should be placed in a cool and ventilated place for 2-3? Days, make the wound a protective film, and then cut, cut and milk is perishable. Insert it into a clean vermiculite or sand bed or shallow sand basin, then spray water, place it in a cool place indoors or outdoors, and spray water every other day to keep the substrate moist. After transplanting, move it to a semi-shady place 15-20 days, so that it can see weak light, take root in 30-35 days, and can be put into the pot in 45 days. After the cuttings take root and survive, they should be transplanted into pots with a diameter of 20 cm in time. Plumeria is not strict with soil and should be planted in loose soil with more humus. The pot can be slightly exposed when planting, and it should be placed indoors after planting. Plumeria grows rapidly and needs to be replaced 1 time every spring, usually in a flowerpot with a diameter of 30 cm. Pot soil can be mixed with garden soil 4 parts, horse manure 4 parts and river sand 2 parts, and cake fertilizer or sauce residue100g, calcium superphosphate or bone meal 50g are added to each pot. After changing pots for planting and watering, Grain Rain moved back and forth to a sunny place outside. Plumeria likes a warm, humid and sunny environment, and can be placed outdoors in the sun in summer without shading. Summer and autumn are the growth and flowering periods of plumeria. Water 1-2 times every night. If it rains in summer and autumn, the accumulated water in the basin should be poured out in time. From June to June 1 1 month, apply 1 time every1day, and the concentration is 15%. The southern plumeria is planted in the open space, which leaves in winter and regenerates new leaves in the next spring. Potted plants in the north should be moved into the indoor south window in the middle and late June of 10, and attention should be paid to ventilation and lighting. Room temperature should be above 10℃. Low temperature and poor indoor ventilation will make plants fall leaves. Water indoors every two weeks 1 time. ?

Potted plumeria should be potted in a well-ventilated clay pot. If a plastic basin is used, a layer of broken bricks or broken hard plastic foam should be placed at the bottom of the basin to enhance ventilation and drainage. Its root system is developed and grows rapidly. Seedlings can be planted in a medium pot with an inner diameter of 20 cm. As plants grow, they can be replaced by a larger flowerpot. It has low requirements for soil and grows best in loose and fertile sandy loam. Family potted plants can be mixed with humus soil and vegetable garden topsoil in equal amounts, and then a small amount of sand is added, and the pots are turned once a year before germination in spring. ?

Plumeria likes to be wet and drought-tolerant, but is afraid of waterlogging. Therefore, water should be moderate, and master the principle of not watering, watering when it is dry, watering thoroughly and not waterlogging. The spring and autumn interval is 1 to? Water once every two days when the soil is dry, once every morning on sunny days in summer and once again at night when the soil is dry. Pay attention to dump the accumulated water in the basin in rainy season to prevent root rot, and dump it once every 10 day and a half in winter to keep the soil moist. It likes to be fat. Is it appropriate to add 20? 50 g ~ 30 g of bone meal and 50 g ~ 80 g of calcium superphosphate (because it likes to be born in calcareous soil, attention should be paid to calcium supplementation). From May to 10, from 10 to 15, apply weakly decomposed organic fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer once, and do not apply nitrogen fertilizer alone to prevent the growth from being too fast, and do not apply chemical fertilizer in winter. ?

Plumeria is a strong positive flower. The more sunshine, the more lush it grows and the more fragrant the flowers are. Shading should be done for 7 days to 10 days after putting pots or turning pots to change soil, and the rest time should be placed in sunny places. Because it is native to tropical America, it is not cold-tolerant, and defoliation in temperate winter is a manifestation of its poor cold-tolerance, so it is suitable for wintering indoors. Before the lowest temperature drops to 10℃, move it indoors and put it in a sunny place. Keep the room temperature at 10℃ to 15℃, away from TV radiation and air conditioning warm air. But it will fall off when it is below 8℃ or poorly ventilated. As long as it is kept above 5℃, it will not freeze to death, and it will sprout and grow leaves in the next spring. ?

Plumeria is planted in temperate zone, generally without seed, and propagated by cutting. From the end of May to the beginning of June, cut branches about 20 cm long to make cuttings, and white milk will flow out of the cuttings. If the cuttings are not treated, they will rot easily. You can put them in a well-ventilated cool place, wait for a protective film to grow on the wound for 2 to 3 days before inserting them, or you can soak the wound in plant ash and sulfur powder, dry it a little, and then insert it into vermiculite or plain sand basin. Place them in a well-ventilated and cool place, and often spray water on the cuttings to keep them moist. It can take root in 0 ~ 40 days, with high survival rate, and can be planted in autumn or the following spring. ?

Both the flower and bark of frangipani can be used as medicine, which has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, treating dysentery, moistening lung, relieving cough and asthma; Flowers can extract aromatic oil, which can be used to make cosmetics and high-grade soap. ?

The fragrance of flowers can be extracted from spices, or dried in the sun for beverage processing, or used as medicine. Flowers can extract aromatic oil, which can be used to make cosmetics and high-grade soap, and dried flowers can be used to incense tea. Its flowers and bark can be used as medicine, and it has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, treating dysentery, moistening lung and relieving cough.

Camellia is a traditional flower in China, one of the world's famous flowers, and also a kind of flower in Yunnan Province of China and Wenzhou City of Zhejiang Province of China. Because of its beautiful plant shape, bright green leaves and colorful flowers, it is cherished by the world horticultural community.

Camellia cultivation in China entered the court and people's courtyard as early as the Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Song Dynasty, camellia cultivation became more and more popular. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once described the grand occasion of camellia blooming in Liuhai Temple in Chengdu at that time with the poem "Door fragrance cheers Shili Temple, and the scenery before wax is spring". Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica in Ming Dynasty, Wang's Huapu in Qing Dynasty and Pu's Camellia all describe Camellia in detail. Camellia was first introduced to Japan in the 7th century, and has been introduced to Europe and America for many times since the 18th century.

Standard name Latin camellia? Japoica, English name Camellia? Chinese name camellia. ?

Alias Roman, Camellia, Camellia, Naidong.

[1] Origin: China Yangtze River, Pearl River Basin, Yunnan; Korea, Japan, India

Camelliaceae, Camellia

Morphological characteristics evergreen shrubs or small trees. Bowl petals, single or double. Colors are red, pink, crimson, rose, purple, lavender, white, yellow, stripes and so on. The flowering period is winter and spring, which is more resistant to winter.

Camellia growth habits Camellia growth temperature is between 20~25℃, above 29℃ it will stop growing, and the leaves will be anxious at 35℃. Need a certain temperature difference. The environmental humidity is above 60%, and most varieties can tolerate the low temperature of -8℃ (naturally overwintering, but Yuncha is not cold-resistant), and generally can overwinter naturally in the south of Huaihe River. Camellia cultivation soil should be acidic and require good air permeability. In order to promote the growth of root hairs, peat, sawdust, red soil, humus soil or a mixture of the above substrates can usually be used for culture. Camellia needs stronger light than azalea, so it can be shaded in spring, autumn and winter, and 50% can be shaded in summer.

Name of the famous camellia variety 1. Eighteen bachelors 2. Hexagon red 3. Red lead 4. Zhuang yuanhong 5. Crown 6. Hibiscus 7. Camellia 8. Flower crane order 9. Pink man 10. Honglu town 1 1. Camellia azalea 12. Gold and black magic 17. New Katie 18. Mob 19。 Tianjiao 20. Elsie 2 1. Flower Buddha tripod? 22. Sai Peony 23. Elizabeth 24. Flower brain 25. New Songhua? 26. grand court 27. Big vermilion? 28. Xiangsun (fragrant type) 29. Red lead? 30.Cremo Peony (Fragrant) 3 1. Peacock Thun? 32. Big Carter 33. Small pine nuts 34. Big pine nuts? 35. American Red 36. Flower peony 37. Autumn peony? 38. Flower Fairy 39. Mawei Waterfall is 40 degrees. Big Helen 4 1. Snow tower 42. Colorful Helen 43. Ellie peony? 44. Mr parks is 45 years old. Jin Mudan? 46. Valentine's Day 47. Representative work 48. Granat 49. Bella hongye 50. Larry Pitt 5 1. Wax leaves 52. Miracle flower 53. Royal velvet? 54. fishtail tea 55. Camellia 56. Yuanyang and cockscomb. Imperial glory 58. Big Phyllis 59. Kena 60. Clyde 6 1. Magic capital 62. Live coverage of Valentine's Day 63. Red Pearl 64. Kona, Phnom Penh. Bill gear 66. Huang Da&; Nbsp67.& ampnbsp Camellia Capital 68. Lion head 69. Laska Jiao Jiao is 70 years old. Zixi 7 1. Valina Shen 72. Multicolor Allen 73. Silver Charles 74. Multicolor expectation 75. Antique Jack 76. Camellia yunban capital 77. Ten scenes 78. Early spring pink 79. Huo Wei 80. Chuxiong tea 865438. 89. Marianne (Fragrant) 90. Swan lake 9 1. Tom's depth is 92. Compound color will be 93 tomorrow. Imported marble 94. Hope 95. Happy King 96. Xiniu Ogilvy 97. Hilda 98. Queen Anna 99 Xiang Shen 100. Fold red roses 10 1. Flash.59999999996 Super Nantian Warrior 106. Harrison 107. The raw edge is black and red 108. Hall 109. Silk gauze 1 10. Flower show season 1 1. 1 12. camellia. 1 13. camellia. 1 14. Black egg stone 1 15. Black knight 1 16. Hawaii 500000000006120. Mabel 12 1. Wide ribbon 122. Silver triumph 123. Shi Chun 124. Kasugano 125. Betty. 126. White Swan 127. Vietnam tea stem 128 Oscar

Yunnan precious camellia varieties: Tiantiangao, Tongzi noodles, vermilion purple robe, big purple robe and Xuejiao.

[Edit this paragraph] Cultivation

Camellia usually needs to be watered with neutral or acidic surface water. When watering, it should be dry and wet. Water it thoroughly when it is dry, but be careful not to be too dry. Generally, water should be stopped at the end of spring shoots before germination to facilitate the transformation to reproductive growth, and water should not be stopped before flowering. But it should be noted that if you grow up in a general living room, you will die easily.

Ordinary fertilization can be -30cm pot) 10g/ pot; Compound fertilizer 2g/ pot; You can also use 0. 1% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10-20 days, and the above fertilizers are used alternately. If the new shoots are yellow due to iron deficiency, 0.2% ferrous sulfate can be applied once a week until they recover. Apply 0.2% ferrous sulfate every 15-30 days to prevent yellowing and root rot in the north.

Pests and diseases and their control

The main diseases of camellia are ring rot, anthracnose, shoot blight, leaf spot and bituminous coal disease. The main control agents are: bactericide 800 times; Carbendazim 500 times; Chlorothalonil 800 times; Kemeiling should be controlled 800 times regularly, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of gray mold and flower blight before flowering.

The main pests of Litchi Camellia in Jinpan are red spider, aphid, scale insect, leaf roller moth and bridge builder. The main control chemicals are cypermethrin15ml+isocarbophos 20ml or monocrotophos 25ml/30kg water spray.

breeding method

There are many ways of propagation of camellia, including sexual propagation and asexual propagation, among which cutting and docking are the most common. ?

1, cutting method?

This method is the simplest, and it is most suitable to cut in September or spring. Selecte well-grown semi-lignified branches, remove that basal leaves, keeping the upper three leaves, cut into oblique mouth with a sharp knife, immediately soaking the incision with 200-500ppm of indolebutyric acid for 5-65438 05 minutes, drying in the sun, inserting into a sand basin or vermiculite basin, watering for about 40 days after insertion, and healing the wound and rooting for about 60 days. The cuttings treated with hormone took root 2-3 months earlier than those without hormone treatment. Using vermiculite as an insert bed can take root much faster than sand bed. ?

2. How to dock?

Choose suitable varieties, such as small grain tea or camellia oleifera, as rootstocks, relying on precious camellia. Docking time is usually between Tomb-Sweeping Day and Mid-Autumn Festival. First of all, plant the rootstock in a flowerpot, cut off about half of the parts to be combined with a knife, and the incision should be smooth. Then, the cut surfaces on both sides are closely attached together, wrapped in plastic film, and the rootstock is watered twice a day, and it will heal after 60 days. You can cut it and plant it in the shade to avoid direct sunlight. In February of the following year, cut off the tail of the rhizome with a knife and plant it. ?

3. Leaf insertion method?

Camellia usually adopts branch cutting propagation method, but some rare varieties can also adopt leaf cutting method because of the limitation of branch source or considering that the tree shape will be affected after taking materials. Mountain mud is used as cutting matrix, and 1/3 river sand can be added to facilitate ventilation and drainage. Put the substrate into a clay pot and then can it. In rainy season, annual leaves can be used as cutting materials, which are too old to take root, too tender and easy to rot. Insert the soil about 2 cm deep, compact the soil after insertion, pour enough water, and then put it in a cool and ventilated place. Generally, roots can be sprouted in 3 months, and new buds can be sprouted in the next spring.

Utilization value of flowers

First, health scented tea

1. Material: 4-6 camellias, 3 yuan, lotus root 1, cogongrass rhizome 1.

2. Method: Decoct 6 bowls of water into 2 bowls and take them in three meals.

3. Usage: It is effective for nosebleeds, hemoptysis and cough.

Second, the external application method

1. Material: 4-6 camellia, 4-6 hibiscus and 4-6 gardenia respectively.

2. Method: After all crushing, add tea clear (deslagging tea).

3. Use: Treating burns and mosquito bites.

Flower language modesty, ideal love, lovely virtue.

[Edit this paragraph] Practice point

1. Planting? It is best to plant in spring in the north and autumn in the south. Ground planting should be selected with good drainage and strong water retention performance. Sandy loam rich in humus. Pot culture is made of humus soil, sandy soil and manure with 65,438+0/3 each, or mixed culture soil with 4 humus soil, 5 peat soil and 65,438+0 coarse sand. The pH value is 5-6.5. The planting place should be where there is no water and no sun exposure. Potted camellias should be placed in a ventilated and light-transmitting place in winter and in a shade shed or other cool places in summer. Camellia should avoid moving its position randomly, otherwise it will be bad for its growth.

2. Light and temperature? Camellia is a long-day plant. Flower buds can only be formed in the environment of day length 12 hours. The optimum growth temperature is 18-? At 25℃, the optimum flowering temperature is 10-20℃, and higher than 35℃ will burn the leaves. It is not cold-tolerant. It should be indoors in winter, and the temperature should be kept at 3 ~ 5℃. It can tolerate the low temperature of-10℃ for a short time, but it cannot exceed 16℃ for a long time, otherwise it will promote germination and cause defoliation. The growing season should be placed in a semi-shady environment, and it is not suitable to accept too strong direct sunlight. Especially in summer and autumn, it should be shaded or placed in a cool place under a tree.

3. Water and fertilize? Camellia requires high fertilizer and water, and neutral and alkaline loam is not conducive to its growth. In the north, it is particularly important to pay attention to acidifying alkaline water before watering flowers. The specific method is to store the rice washing water for 2 days to volatilize the chlorine in the water, and then add an appropriate amount of ferrous sulfate (about 0.5% of the water). Don't water too much, or the roots will rot easily. Pot soil can't be dry, otherwise the roots will shrink due to water loss, so it is advisable to keep the pot soil and surrounding environment moist. Don't spray water during flowering. It is best to apply thin alum fertilizer and water to avoid applying thick fertilizer. ? Generally, after germination in spring, dilute fertilizer water is applied 65,438+0 times every 65,438+07 days, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in summer, and fertilizer can be stopped for about 65,438+0 months in early autumn, then alum fertilizer water is applied before flowering, and quick-acting phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is applied when flowering, so that the flowers are bright in color and have a long flowering period.

4. plastic trimming? Camellia planted on the ground mainly prunes dead branches, weak branches, cross branches and over-dense branches, which obviously affects the branches of trees and sparse redundant buds. Besides the above work, potted camellia should be pruned according to personal preference, but it is not suitable for re-pruning because of its weak growth potential.

5. Flowering control? Because camellia is not cold-tolerant, delayed flowering is not commonly used. Generally, the flowering period is controlled by variety selection, temperature control and hormone treatment. In order to make camellia blossom in 1 1 month, we can dip 0. 1% gibberellin in the bud with a brush in mid-July or early August, and apply it 1 time every three days to achieve normal fertilizer and water management. It depends on the growth of flower buds in September to decide whether to draw flowers. If it is estimated that "Eleventh" flowering is unsafe, we can increase the number of flower coating, increase the amount of fertilizer and water, promote the rapid growth of flower buds, and make "Eleventh" blossom.