(1) water every few days in spring and autumn 1 time.
② The temperature is high in summer, and the plants grow vigorously, so it needs watering 1 time a day; Potted plants need to be sprayed with water 1 time in the morning and evening. Always loosen the soil in the rainy season so that there is no water in the basin.
(3) In winter, the basin soil should be kept moist. If you water too much, the roots will turn black and rot, and the leaves will turn yellow and fall off.
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Jasmine is a perennial evergreen shrub, which is native to tropical and subtropical regions. Jasmine leaves are green, flowers are white as jade, and the fragrance is warm and soft. Known as the head of fragrant flowers, it has excellent ornamental value. At the same time, it also has high economic value. Jasmine is the most important fragrant camellia in China. Jasmine tea is made by scenting jasmine with tea leaves, which makes the tea taste rich and refreshing, and also has floral fragrance. Tea absorbs flowers, flowers increase tea, and camellia is integrated. Jasmine tea is not only widely loved by Chinese people, but also unique in the international market and enjoys a high reputation. Jasmine is an important raw material for extracting essence and can also be used as medicine. As a fragrant flower of tea, it can play a high economic role.
First, choose a garden
Jasmine is native to the subtropical zone and adapts to high temperature and fertile soil. The requirements for the ecological environment are: like light and fear of shade, like fat and fear of thinness, like acid and fear of alkali, like joy and fear of boredom. Therefore, when choosing a garden, we should be as close to its ecological environment as possible, and choose the land with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer, rich soil, sufficient water, good drainage and irrigation and convenient transportation to plant jasmine. According to the jasmine picking season, flowers are picked every day and transported to processing plants for sale. The number of days of picking flowers is more than 200 days per year, so the place where jasmine is planted should be within 0/0 km from Jasmine Factory/KLOC, which is convenient for transportation and sales.
Second, variety selection
Jasmine belongs to Oleaceae, Jasmine is an evergreen climbing shrub. According to the investigation, there are about 60 species of jasmine in China at present, among which the main cultivated species are single-petalled jasmine, double-petalled jasmine and multi-petalled jasmine.
1. Single-petal Jasmine: The plant is short, 70-90 cm high, and the stems and branches are small and vine-like, so it is called liana Jasmine. The flower buds are slightly longer, smaller and lighter, and the yield is lower than that of double-petaled jasmine, but higher than that of multi-petaled jasmine. It is not cold-resistant, waterlogged-resistant and weak in insect resistance.
2. Jasmine Erjian is the main scented tea variety cultivated in China. Its plant height is 1- 1.5m, it is erect, with many branches, thick stems and branches, dark green leaves, thick and shiny leaves, larger flowers than single-petaled jasmine and multi-petaled jasmine, with white and oily buds and obvious wax. Strong fragrance, vigorous growth and strong adaptability, and the yield of flowers (more than 3 years) can reach more than 500 kilograms per mu.
3. Multi-petal jasmine: The branches are obviously raised, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are compact, round and small, and the top is slightly notched. Multi-petal jasmine flowers bloom for too long, with light fragrance and low yield, and are generally not used as scented tea flowers.
Three, jasmine seedling technology
Jasmine flowers generally do not bear fruit (rarely bear fruit) after flowering, and can only reproduce asexually in production. There are several methods, such as cutting, layering and dividing. Jasmine has strong regeneration ability, fast rooting and high cutting seedling rate. Compared with layered method and branching method, it has the advantages of simple operation and material saving, so it is widely used.
1. layering propagation, layering propagation is to use the branches sprouting from the lower part of the jasmine plant or branches with a certain length to press the middle part into the soil, so that after cutting off the mother branches, it will produce new roots and become independent new plants. The premise is that there must be a mother tree of jasmine, and each mother tree can press a small number of branches, which can not meet the large supply of seedlings. Generally, potted plants and ponds are used to replenish seedlings.
2. Plant propagation: Jasmine is a clustered shrub, and its roots can produce many adventitious roots. Plants over two years old often have several stems and branches, which can be used for plant reproduction. The premise of this method is that there must be a biennial jasmine mother tree. Moreover, the number of reproduction is lower than that of layering and cutting, which can not meet the needs of large-scale cultivation.
Cutting propagation seedbed seedlings occupy less land and have high land utilization rate, and about 654.38 million+seedlings can be propagated per mu. Centralized cutting in nursery is widely used in production because it is easy to manage, has enough space for selecting seedlings, has high quality and neat growth, and is suitable for mass production of seedlings.
Operation method of cutting seedling:
(1) Select cutting. Cuttings used for propagation mainly come from branches cut during pruning every year. To choose mature branches without pests and diseases and with a certain thickness, the middle and lower parts of the same branch are the best.
(2) Selection of nursery: Sandy soil or sandy loam with loose and fertile soil, sufficient water, convenient irrigation and drainage and convenient transportation is required.
(3) Levelling of soil moisture: Before seedling raising in the nursery, thoroughly turn the seedlings white, rake them flat, and dig drainage ditches around them, with a width of 120cm, a width of 25cm and a depth of 20cm, so that the soil moisture is leveled and the soil particles are fine. After the seedbed is completely wet, use 150 ml of Dua mixture, a pre-bud herbicide. Cover the seedbed with plastic film when raising seedlings in winter.
(4) Cutting and drilling cuttings processing
Collect the branches cut during the annual overhaul in the shade, and organize manpower for cutting. The operation method is as follows: select 2-3 branches with a length of about 10 cm, cut off the leaves, cut off the upper end at about 1 cm from the axillary bud, and cut off the lower end at about 1 cm at an oblique angle of 45 degrees, and press 80-65438.
Before cutting, the chips should be treated with chemicals. First, the cuttings should be soaked in the solution containing Spock 1000 times for 3-5 minutes, and then taken out to dry. Then soak it in 50PPM rooting powder solution for 20-30 minutes, take it out and cut it on the seedbed according to the row spacing of 12 cm× 4 cm, and the top of the cutting is about 3 cm away from the soil surface during cutting. Each mu can be cutted with 6.5438+0.5 million plants.
(5) Management of cutting seedbed
The cutting seedbed should keep the soil moist, and pay attention to weeding frequently in sunny days to keep the seedlings free of weeds. Seedbeds have small seedlings and few roots. To water and fertilize, it is best to use manure water. Be diligent and apply fertilizer once a month. If pests and diseases are found in the seedbed, they should be prevented in time, and 1000 times of Junzhujing+1000 times of insecticidal Dan can be sprayed once a month. When the seedlings grow to 6-8 months, there are more than two branches and two layers of roots, and the height is more than 30 cm before they can leave the nursery.
Fourth, transplantation.
1. Transplant period
Irrigation conditions can be carried out all year round. But spring and autumn are the best seasons, which are suitable for the root system of jasmine to survive and grow, and can be harvested in the same year of planting. The temperature in autumn is also very suitable for the growth of jasmine roots. The temperature is too high in summer, which is not suitable for the root growth of jasmine, and the leaves are easy to dry up when transplanted, which affects the survival. In winter, the temperature is also low and the wind is strong, so it is easy to blow dry the leaves, and the slow growth of jasmine affects its survival.
2. Cultivation specifications
In order to facilitate the arrangement, the soil should be planted, and the soil width should be conducive to fertilization, soil cultivation and harvest. Generally, the soil width is 120 cm, the soil height is 20 cm, and the trench width is 25 cm. Dig a planting ditch with a width of 30cm and a depth of10cm on both sides of the soil surface, with a plant spacing of 25cm and a row spacing of 60cm, and plant 4,000 plants per mu.
3. Transplanting method
Select seedlings with plant height greater than 30cm, two branches and two layers of roots, normal leaf color, robust plants and no diseases and insect pests, cut off the branches and leaves over 25cm, cut off the excessively long roots, soak the roots in 0. 1% calcium superphosphate solution for 3-5min, and then plant them in the planting ditch according to the spacing of 25cm. The soil surface can be covered with bagasse, rice straw and sugarcane leaves.