Mu, a stone and a half a year. "This refers to the millet yield per mu 1.5 stone. (2) "Guanzi Light and Heavy Armor" said: "A farmer's business is to plow 100 mu of land at the end of the year, and the harvest of 100 mu of land is only 20 miles. "This means that the yield of millet per mu is 0.2.
Clock, 1 clock equals 10 pot, 1 pot is 1 stone. So 0.2 mm is equivalent to 2 stones per mu. (3) "Pipe Light and Heavy B" River: "The river silts the princes, and the country in the wood is also". That is to say, after siltation,
Irrigated fertile soil yields 1, that is, the yield per mu 10 stone. Five times the weight of the imprison son. (4) Biography of Historical Records of Rivers and Channels says: "Ximen Bao led Zhang to irrigate his forces to enrich Wei.
Hexi. "How much is it per mu after obtaining the right of irrigation?" "On Balance and Willfulness" said: "The field in Wei Zhi is 100 mu, and the leaf is 200 mu. If Ximen Bao is irrigated with water, it will receive one catty per mu. "Per mu yield 1, that is, 10 stone.
(5) "Biography of Historical Records and Rivers" says: It was opened by Qin, "More than 40,000 hectares of land were irrigated with brine, and every acre was harvested". It is also 10 stone per mu. The first two of the above five materials are general.
, the so-called "hundred acres", that is, Fiona Fang hundred steps for an acre of weeks. 1 mu in the Warring States Period is converted into 0.328 mu now. The "stone" mentioned by Ban Gu should be Han Dashi, and 1 stone is 0.333 stone, which is converted into today's quantity.
1 city's millet yield per mu was 1.524 stone, and the weight of 1 city's millet was 135 Jin, that is, the millet yield per mu at that time was 205.8 Jin. A "hundred acres", that is, 32.8 acres today, is equivalent to harvesting 6 kilograms of raw grain today.
750 Jin. The last three of the five materials refer to irrigation or siltation, and their output is five times that of ordinary fields. This is a special case, and they cannot be regarded as regular outputs. However, this shows that war
There was a high-yield field with a yield of 10 stone per mu in China period. 2. Grain yield per mu in the late Warring States period. In the late Warring States period, with the consolidation and development of the small-scale peasant economy, the popularization of Niu Geng, the improvement of farming technology and water conservancy,
With the development of the cause, the grain yield per mu has also increased accordingly. The main basis is as follows: (1) Mengzi Wanzhang said: "A hundred acres of money is just dung. The farmer ate nine people last time and eight people last time.
There are seven people for Chinese food, six people for Chinese food and five people for next food. "Book of Rites" says: "Nine people went to the farm to eat, and eight, seven, six and five people went down." Both are cheap.
Clean and consistent. According to Wu Hui, if "seven people eat in China", seven people will have two labors and 60 stones, and 2 10 small stones. In other words, a farmer has two labors, farming.
100 mu, * * * produces 270 pebbles of millet, with an average yield of 2.7 pebbles per mu, which is higher than that of Li Kui. (2) Guan Yu said, "The upper peasants bear five, the middle peasants bear four, and the lower peasants bear three." namely
It is said that a farmer can feed five, four or three people in addition to his own consumption. Wu Hui believes that in terms of figures, according to the calculation of "middle peasants carrying four", each person eats thirty stones a year ("
In Guanzi Forbidden Tibet, there is a saying that "the rate of cannibalism is 30, and the age of death is enough"). Five people eat millet 150 stone a year, and a labor plough is 50 mu, yielding 3 stones per mu. From 2.5 stones per mu to 2.7 stones and then to
3 stones, obviously the yield per mu has gradually increased. (3) There is a saying in Guanzi Shan Zhi Book that "people eat 10 mu", that is to say, each person eats local grain 10 mu every year, and each person eats 30 stones every year.
Still 3 stones per mu. (4) In "Lv Chunqiu Shangnong", it is said that "going to the field to eat nine people and Fu Tian to eat five people can be beneficial without harm. One person rules it, and ten people eat it. " One person "
Refers to the parents of a farmer, "governance" means that parents lead the whole family to manage 100 mu of land, and "meals for ten people" means that 10 people can eat. 100 mu of land provides 300 stones of grain, enough for 10 people to eat.
Its yield per mu is still 3 stones. In the late Warring States period, millet produced 3 small stones per mu and 247 Jin per mu. One household 100 mu, which is 32.8 mu today, * * * receives 8 100 kg of millet. Wu Hui also pointed out that the Warring States period was
Side by side mentioned the "millet" era. Therefore, when calculating the output, we should also pay attention to the proportion of "millet" in the Warring States period. According to the Book of Bi Sheng, in ancient times (it should refer to the Warring States period), "planting soybeans led the people.
Five acres ",a family of five grows 25 acres of soybeans, accounting for 25%. Assume that the yield per mu of soybean is half that of millet, that is, one stone and a half, which is equivalent to the yield per mu 123.5 kg under today's market system. Weighted average of millet (75%×3 pebbles +25%)
Small stone =2.625 small stone), which is equivalent to 2 16 kg per mu under today's market system.
Grain yield per mu in Han dynasty
There are two typical materials for grain yield per mu in Han dynasty: one is general yield per mu, and the other is extra high yield. 1, average yield per mu Typical materials about average yield per mu in Han Dynasty mainly include the following items: (1) Xun Yue.
The Second Year of Emperor Wen before the Han Dynasty contains Chao Cuo's remarks: "Today, there are only two writers in a family of five, and their cultivators are only one hundred mu. 100 mu of harvest is only 300 stones. " 100 mu
Millet yields 300 stones, and millet yields 3 stones per mu. The small mu in the Han Dynasty was slightly smaller than that in Zhou Mu during the Warring States period, which was 0.228 mu today, equivalent to 28 1 kg of millet per mu, higher than 247 kg in the late Warring States period.
The yield per mu of 205.8 Jin in the early stage of the country was higher. (2) Chao Cuo's words are recorded in History of Eating Goods in Han Dynasty: "Today, there are five farmers with no less than two servants, and their cultivators are only 100 mu, 100 mu.
Accepted, but a hundred stones. Wu Hui thinks that the stone mentioned by Chao Cuo is a big stone, and this stone refers to "rice" instead of raw grain. Xun Yue said that three small stones and millet, plus big stones and millet, are 1.8 stones.
1.08 Stone is 1.08, which is a stone for Mi Yue. Some researchers believe that Chao Cuo's statement that "there are only 100 stones in a hundred mu of harvest" is a mistake of "there are only 300 stones". This can also be with Xun Yue. "
The theory of "three hundred stones" is consistent. We also list this statement here for your reference. (3) "Guanzi Governing the Country" said: "To the east of Changshan, between the river and the secluded place, fleas are born and killed late, and the land where the grains are ripe is also. There are four kinds.
Five victories. Middle-aged acres of two stones, one husband is millet two hundred stones. "Changshan", or "Hengshan", was used by Emperor Liu of China to avoid it. Therefore, this material can be regarded as the data of yield per mu in Han Dynasty. Wu Hui
It is considered that the "stone" mentioned here refers to the big stone in Han Dynasty, and the "second stone" is 3.333 stone, which is higher than the "three stones" mentioned by Xun Yue. The yield per mu mentioned here is "four kinds of five gains"
That is, the yield of multiple cropping. (4) "Huai Nan Zi Zhu Shu Xun" said: "One person plows with full feet, but only ten acres. Nakata's harvest was only forty stones. "In the early Warring States period, a family had two laborers.
Can cultivate 100 mu, and a labor force can cultivate 50 mu on average. This city is about 15 mu. It may include some fields plowed by cattle and cultivated by hand, which may not reach 15 mu. It says here, ""
But ten acres. "Wu Hui believes that the acres and stones mentioned here refer to large acres and big stones. Large mu 10 mu, with an annual output of 40 stones, and 4 stones per mu under medium conditions. A big stone valley and a small stone valley are 2.77 stones. this
It is the yield per mu of rice in South China. (5) Zhong Changtong said in "Chang Yan Profit and Loss": "People are fat, there are ten kinds of crops, three crops per mu, and it is not too much to take a bucket." During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was also
It is 3 stones of millet per mu, which is similar to the output level of the Western Han Dynasty. This yield level is the "fertilizer ratio", which is the result of the average calculation of fertilizer shortage. The five materials listed above show that: (1) 3 stones per mu.
Millet is recognized in the literature of Han Dynasty. (2) Considering multiple cropping factors, it is also possible to yield 3.33 stones per mu; (3) Extensive cultivation in the south, with rice yield of 2.77 stones per mu, is also reasonable. 2. Special
In addition to the average yield per mu, there were irrigated fields and "substitute fields" in the Han Dynasty, especially "district fields" with particularly high yield. The relevant materials are described as follows: (1) Biography of Historical Records.
According to the words of the Pan Shou Department of Hedong, "When you cross the canal to divert Fen, you can irrigate Pishi and Fenyin, and divert the river to irrigate Fenyin and Puban, you can get 5,000 hectares. 5000 hectares, so it is necessary to abandon the river and the people graze. Irrigation fields today, degrees.
You can find more than 2 million stones in the valley. "That is to say, the average yield of irrigated land per mu is 4 stones. Wu Hui believes that the mu mentioned here is a small mu and the stone is a big stone. The yield per mu of pebbles is 6.666 stones, and its yield per mu is
Generally, the yield of 3 stones per mu in a field is more than doubled. (2) There is also Zhuang Xiongbi's words in Historical Records of Hequ: "Linjin people are willing to cross Luo to irrigate more than 10,000 hectares of old brine land east of Chongquan, and ten stones can be made per mu." Wu Hui
It is considered that the mu here is also a small mu, the stone is a big stone, and the output of broken small stones is per mu 16.6 stone. (3) Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi records Jia Rang's words: "If there is canal irrigation, salt and brine are wet, silt is filled with fertilizer, so plant it."
Wheat, more rice. Takada five times, Shimoda ten times. Wu Hui believes that the increase from 2 stones to 10 stone is the so-called "five times that of Takada"; Xiatian has been increased from 1 stone to1stone, which means "Xiaxia".
Ten times the field. (4) Biography of Historical Records of Huo Zhi has the saying that "a thousand acres of land in Zhong Kui" refers to the fertile land in the suburbs of the city, with an yield of 10 stone per mu. Wu Hui believes that what is said here.
One acre is a small acre, and one acre is 10 pebbles, which is more than three times the output of three pebbles per acre in general fields. (5) Ji Kang, who is not far from the Han Dynasty, said in his book On Health Preservation: "Those who plow fields are called fertile fields and the best in the world.
The general's name is also. "Good' fertile land' yields 10 stone per mu, which is recognized as a high-yield level in the world. Wu Hui believes that the yield per mu of millet 10 cobblestone is equivalent to 937 kg per mu on the market now, which is close to the yield per mu 1000 kg.
(6) It is recorded in Records of Food Goods in the History of Han Dynasty that in the last years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, Zhao was appointed as a captain of Sousu in the northwest to promote the "Dai Tianfa". It is said that "the income of one year old is often welcomed by Tian, and the good is doubled."
"。 Wu Hui believes that the "mu" mentioned here is a large mu, and "Hu" refers to a big stone. Small mu 1 pebble, 7 buckets or even 1.4 pebbles more than the field, that is, the yield per small mu is 3.7 ~ 4.4 pebbles.
(7) Bi Shengshu contains the so-called "district field method". Adopting comprehensive high-yield cultivation techniques such as deep ploughing area, increasing fertilizer and irrigation, reasonable close planting and strengthening management are effective measures to obtain high yield. this book
It is said that "when you plant crops locally, you often irrigate them in times of drought, and you often get 100 hugs per mu", "When you plant crops in mountainous areas, you irrigate them in times of drought, and you get 100 hugs per mu", and "When you harvest crops in autumn, you get 100 hugs per mu".
Thousand stones, eat 36 stones at the age of 26. Wu Hui believes that the "stone" here refers to small stones, which is equivalent to 28.92 stones per mu of millet (wheat) in the market now, with a weight of 3,904 Jin per mu. Someone is pregnant.
Whether the field method can achieve such a high yield is a problem that needs to be studied and controlled. In short, the yield of millet in Han Dynasty is 3 stones per mu, which is equivalent to 28 1 kg per mu in the market today, which is equivalent to the yield of millet in the market today compared with that in the Warring States period.
The yield per mu is 247 Jin, increasing production; The average yield of millet beans in Han Dynasty was 2.82 stones per mu, which was equivalent to 264 Jin per mu under the current system and 232 Jin higher than that of the Warring States and the current system. Han Dynasty
High-yield fields can generally go to "ten stones per mu" or "rice fields per mu". As for regional fields, the yield is higher.
Grain yield per mu in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties
1, rice yield per mu in southern China During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, rice cultivation in southern China was still extensive and the yield per mu was not high. Its main basis is: (1) Records of the Three Kingdoms Wu Shu Zhong Chuan, Zhong was young (
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms, he cultivated "more than 20 mu of rice" and "60 hectares of rice in a mortar". The average yield per mu of rice is less than 3 stones. The yield of rice is about 46.7%, which is equivalent to 6.4 stones per mu of rice.
. Wu Hui believes that the "mu" mentioned here is a large mu with 240 steps, so the yield per mu is only 2.68 stones. (2) The Book of Jin Shihuozhi recorded that the Eastern Jin Dynasty was "peaceful for five years, ..." and then proclaimed itself emperor.
Take one-tenth of the people's land and pay three liters of tax per mu. "Wu Hui agrees with He Changqun that" three rises "is the mistake of" three fights "in" Debate on Ascending Fighting ",that is to say, it is also calculated according to one out of ten.
3 stones per mu. The yield per mu of rice is 1.36 1 stone, and then 46.7% of rice is converted into 2.9 1 stone. It is 4.9% higher than the 2.77 stone mentioned in Huainanzi. There were also special records of high yield in Wei and Jin Dynasties.
For example, Fu Xuan said that in Wei Chu, "more than ten welcome trees have been planted in white fields (dry land) and dozens of welcome trees have been planted in paddy fields". Du Yu Yan Yu "fills the silt field and collects acres in minutes." These are fertile fields and water conservancy fields, with a large number of acres.
Mu. An acre of land ranges from a few hectares to more than ten hectares, or an average of ten hectares, which is in line with Ji Kang's statement that "an acre of ten hectares is fertile land, which is well known in the world". "Huayang Guozhi" said: "Encouragement and Luogu go out.
Rice crop, 30 mu, maximum 15 mu. "This is a high-yield field in West Shu. In the Southern Dynasties after the Eastern Jin Dynasty, fertile land was also 10 stone per mu. " "Biography of Liang Shu and Xia Houdun" contains "irrigating more than a thousand hectares of fields,
The record of "harvesting more than one million tons of grain" is also equivalent to the "field in the wood" in the Han Dynasty. 2. The information about the yield per mu in the northern dryland mainly includes the following items: (1) Biography of Li Biao, Shu Wei.
There is a suggestion from Li Biao: "Take one-tenth of the households in the county and think it is a land where a husband is 60 years old." The rent rate of reclamation is five ten thousandths, and the yield of reclamation in Kazuo should be 120. Yifengnongtun
The mu of Tianhe Northern Wei Dynasty is 50 mu, and the stone of Hehan is 2.926. Still maintain the level of 3 stones per mu. (2) "Shu Wei Shi Huo Zhi" records that the Northern Wei Dynasty implemented an equal field system, "Every man has been farmed for more than fifteen years."
Mu, female 20 mu. A husband and a woman rent millet stones. "Wuhui has a yield of 2.92 stones per mu, which also maintains the level of 3 stones per mu. Therefore, Wu Hui agrees with "the average yield per mu in Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties"
Quite. "
Grain yield per mu in Tang dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period in the history of China, also known as the Han Dynasty. The grain yield per mu in this period was significantly higher than that in Han Dynasty. The information reflecting the grain yield per mu in the Tang Dynasty mainly includes the following items: (1
"Zi Zhi Tong Jian" said: "In Yuanhe, Zhenwu cultivated 4,800 hectares of land and harvested more than 400,000 hectares of grain." The yield per mu is about 1 stone. (2) The Book of Food in the New Tang Dynasty says, "Take North Korea as an example to strengthen Warwick's military activities, and Jingxi as an example to cultivate fields."
Zuo Hu, water carrier, ... fund-raisers are 15 villages, each village has 130 people, each village has 100 mu of cultivated land, ... more than 3,850 hectares of land have been reclaimed, with an annual harvest of 200,000 stones. "According to the calculation of this material, the wasteland cannot be cultivated.
Field 1.950 hectares, yield per mu 1.025 stone. (3) The Biography of Cui Hongli in the New Tang Dynasty said that Cui Hongli "moved to Heyang to save our time, so that he could manage Qinqu in Hanoi, irrigate thousands of hectares of fields and receive 80,000 welcome annually" and "in Qinqu".
Under the cultivation of 200 hectares of wasteland, 20 thousand millet is harvested every year. "The average yield per mu is also 1 stone. Wu Hui said that Tang 1 stone is equivalent to Han 3 stone. The yield per mu in Tang Dynasty was 1 stone, which was equivalent to 3.8 18 stone in Han Dynasty. (4) The Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Shihuozhi
He said: "Within the capital, the official tax is five liters per mu, while the private rent is almost one stone per mu, which is twenty times higher than the official tax. Down to the middle, the rent is still half, which is ten times the official tax. " Landlord collection
The rent is five ten thousandths, the rent is 1 stone, and the yield per mu should be 2 stones. This is the fertile soil of Gyeonggi. (5) Li Ao's "Peace Book" said: "An acre of land is strong and half weak. From time to time, although I can't enjoy myself, I am not old. "
The next millet is a stone. "Wu Hui said that the yield per mu in Tang Dynasty was 1 stone, and that in Han Dynasty was 3.8 1 stone. Taking into account factors such as growing beans, such as the Han Dynasty, the yield per mu was 3.75 stones, which is equivalent to 334 stones in today's market system.
Kim. Wu Hui believes that the yield per mu in the Tang Dynasty increased by 1/4 compared with that in the Han Dynasty.
Grain yield per mu in Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty has entered the late feudal society of China, and the agricultural economy and commodity economy have made new development. In addition, the popularization of new farm tools, the adoption of fine varieties and the increase of fertilizers have greatly improved the grain yield per mu.
Improve. 1 mu in Song Dynasty is 0.9 mu in modern urban system, and 3. 125 mu in Han Dynasty. This must be paid attention to when calculating the grain yield per mu in Song Dynasty. 1, rice yield per mu in southern China (1) was in Song Renzong, when Fan Zhongyan was there.
In the recitation of "Ten Questions in Answering Chen's Handwriting", he said: "I know that there are 34,000 hectares of land tax payers in Suzhou, and the profit of Nakata is two to three stones per mu." (2) Zhu said in "Playing Disaster Relief":
In Xichun, there are six counties in Shaoxing, East Zhejiang Road, with a yield of two meters and two stones per mu. (3) Fang Hui's "Continued Ancient and Modern Literature" said: "Yu Zaixiu ... looked at the wilderness of Wunong ... all the tenants. ..... If the yield per mu is two or three stones. Father's sister
Centered on two stones. "This' two stones' or' three stones' also refers to rice. 2 stone meters is 4 stone meters, 3 stone meters is 6 stone meters. The rice yield of 4 stones per mu is 4.288 stones per mu, which is equivalent to the current mu system.
Output 38 1 kg; Compared with the Han Dynasty, it increased by 2.777 stones, and the yield per mu in this city is 250. 1 kg, an increase of 54.4%. Compared with 3.8 1 stone in Tang dynasty, it increased by 12.5%. 2. The grain yield per mu in the northern dryland is (1) that of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Yield per mu: In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Chen Yaomao said, "Han, Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties were in Chen Xu, Deng Ying and Cai Subo. As for Shouchun, it is the land reclaimed by water conservancy, and the old traces are there. " Some people suggest "extensive cultivation of land" and "about 37 per mu of income".
Between states, you can get three million welcome "("Song Shi Shi Huo Zhi "). Wang Shao, the god of Xi Ning, said, "From Weiyuan City to Qin Zhou and Ji Cheng, there are five or six hundred miles along the river, so those who don't cultivate the land have no worries.
Treating thousands of years old can get 300 thousand. "(Song Shi Shi Shi Huo Zhi) is also 3 tons per mu, that is, 3 stones per mu. Wu Hui thinks that the number of these three hooves is grain instead of rice, which is equivalent to an increase of 3.2 15 stone. (2) Gold
One generation of grain per mu: In the first year of Taihe, Zhang Zong, it was determined to learn how to cultivate scholars. Give workers 60 mu of land for the people, and support millet with 30 stones every year. In the third year of Xingding (12 19), Hou Zhi said, "See the military and civilian fields in Henan.
More than 960,000 hectares of cultivators can reap two fights with one stone and eight fights with one stone. "(Jin Shi Huo Zhi) Wheat and millet are harvested twice a year or three times a year, and the yield is still 2 stones per mu. In short, Jin Song.
During this period, the grain yield per mu in the north was lower than before. There are three reasons: first, the destruction of war. The wars in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, the wars in Song, Liao, Western Xia, Jin, Liao and Song all made northern agriculture suffer greatly.
Seriously damaged. The second is climate change. 1 1 century, the climate in the north is extremely dry and cold, which leads to the decline of yield per mu in the north. The third is that the land is barren. After the middle Tang Dynasty, the ecological environment in the north was destroyed, which led to the destruction of the north.
The grain yield per mu has dropped. Wu Hui believes that the average grain yield in the north and south of the Song Dynasty was 3.3 stone per mu, which is equivalent to 309 Jin per mu in today's cities, 7.5% lower than that in the Tang Dynasty and 17% higher than that in the Han Dynasty.
Grain yield per mu in yuan dynasty
1. The materials reflecting the grain yield per mu in the northern dry land in the Yuan Dynasty are mainly as follows: According to the record in the Yuan Dynasty Yao Tunnel "Gong Chumu 'an gave an acre to longxing temple Yongye", "There is an acre of land today, and the rate is.
One stone stops in summer and autumn. "In other words, a stone of wheat is harvested in summer and a stone of millet is harvested in autumn, so there is a saying that" a stone is harvested in summer and autumn ". "The yield per mu is calculated by one stone per crop, and the total output of two crops is two stones. Yuan is older than Jin Song,
Monolithic stone is combined with Song Jinshi 1.429 stone, combined with 2.585 stone per mu in Song Dynasty and 3.036 stone per mu in Han Dynasty (small mu/small stone). Considering the factors such as planting beans, 94% off, 2.85 stone. In other words, Yuan
The grain yield per mu representing the dry land in the north has been restored to the level of the Han Dynasty. This is the recovery after the decline of grain yield per mu in the north after the end of Tang Dynasty, and it is also the result of attaching importance to agriculture and warming climate in the north at the end of Yuan Dynasty.
. 2. Per mu yield of paddy fields in South China According to Yi Tian, Volume 10 of Collected Works of Mr. Huang Jinhua, "You can get two meters of stone for an acre of field". This "second stone" was made in the Song Dynasty-Nandou, and its yield per mu was equivalent to that of the Song Dynasty.
. According to the records of stone carvings in Zhejiang Province, the tablet of Zen Master Hongzhi in Huzhou said: "The land rents one stone per mu." According to the half rent rate, the yield per mu is still 2 stone meters. The yield per mu is 2 stone meters, which is equivalent to 4 stone meters.
Together, the Han quantity is still 4.288 stones, and the total quantity is 2.825 stones, which is 4.03 stones. The average between north and south is roughly weighted according to the weight of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, which is equivalent to 3.6 1 stone per mu. this
This figure is slightly lower than the 3.75 stone in the Tang Dynasty. The yield per mu in Yuan Dynasty is equivalent to 2.5 stones or 338 Jin per mu in today's market system.
Grain yield per mu in Ming dynasty
In Ming Dynasty, the farming level was improved, the production experience was more abundant, and the grain yield per mu was higher than that in Song and Yuan Dynasties. 1. The grain yield per mu in the north is recorded in Volume III of Hejian Zhi: "One husband plows 30 to 50 mu,
Harvest more than one stone of wheat per mu. "Summer wheat autumn millet together or 2 stone. The yield per mu is 2 stone Han (small mu/small stone) and 3.2 stone, which is 5.4% higher than that of 3.036 stone in Yuan Dynasty. Nowadays, the yield per mu in cities is 300 Jin. 2. Southern
Grain yield per mu The yield per mu of rice in double-cropping fields in southern China in the Ming Dynasty was quoted in Gu's Records of the Day: "In fields such as Kunshan in Wujiang, the old tax yield per mu was five liters, and the king rented a rich room field and paid per mu.
Rent a stone privately. "What rent, wu mu income should be two stone. Rice yields 2 stones per mu, which is equivalent to 288 Jin per mu under today's market system. According to Zhang Lvxiang, the landlord of Tongxiang in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties,
For example, "The Book of Supplementing Agriculture" said: "The fields are extremely ripe, the stones are three meters, and the spring flowers are one and a half stones, but there are some. The big cloud * * * three stones are vulgar ears. " Zhang said that the ripe fields are "three stones" of rice and "one stone and a half of spring flowers".
Then, the rice yield in Tian Chang should be 2 stones per mu, and the spring flower yield is per mu 1 stone, so the total yield is 3 stones per mu. Rice yields 4 stones per mu, which is equivalent to 577 Jin per mu under the current system. Wu Hui believes that the southern part of the Ming Dynasty was late in the first quarter.
The yield per mu of rice is 2.72 stones, and the multiple cropping of rice, wheat or rice beans is 2 stones, and the ratio of wheat (beans) to kloc-0/stone.
Grain yield per mu in Qing dynasty
1, grain yield per mu in early Qing dynasty (1) The average yield per mu of rice in southern China is distinct. Peng County, Sichuan Province, said: "One acre and one stone is the top, one stone is the middle, and eight or nine fights are the bottom." That is, intermediate fields.
Produce 2 stones of rice. Luo said, "Hunan has a hundred acres of land, so you can rent Gu Baishi." According to the five-year plan, the yield per mu of rice is also 2 stones. Chen Hu said: "One hundred acres, rent one hundred stones, one thousand acres, rent one thousand."
Stone. "Also refers to the rice yield of 2 stones per mu. Generally speaking, in the early Qing Dynasty, the average yield of rice in southern China was 2 stones per mu. Of course, most of what is said here is the rice yield of rice-wheat double-cropping fields. Per mu yield of single-season late rice
Higher than multiple cropping fields. The harvest of Chou He 1 mu in Wuzhong mentioned in Rizhilu is only 3 stones. Fang Bao said: "Jinling has ten acres of farmland, and her husband leads the whole family to work hard. The high yield of rice is only over thirty stones."
This kind of rice should be regarded as late rice in one season, with an average yield of more than 3 stones per mu. In short, the average yield of multiple cropping rice is 2 stones per mu, and that of late rice in one season is 3 stones per mu. The stones in the Qing dynasty were slightly larger, equivalent to 292 Jin per mu on the market now (
Multiple cropping rice), the late rice in one season is equivalent to 397 kg (2.72 stones) or 438 kg (3 stones) per mu in the market now. (2) The grain yield per mu in northern dryland is clear. The annals of Fengtai County, Anhui Province said: "Anyone who receives an acre should be regarded."
When I was young, I took two stones. Kangxi's "Jiangyin County Records" said: "Wheat, rice, millet and millet are two kinds of stones." . Chen Tai, Gan Qing Longsheng, said in the article "On the Determination to Divide the Yangtze River and Huaihe River equally": "Farmers are an acre of land north of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River. "
What you get can be used to enrich the people, and not a stone can be lost. "Rent 1 stone to enrich the people, you can rent half, or you can produce 2 stones per mu. Wheat, millet and beans in the north yield 2 stones per mu, which is equivalent to 303 stones per mu in today's cities.
Kim. 2. Grain yield per mu in late Qing Dynasty. Due to the popularization of double-cropping rice, corn, sweet potato and other crops, the yield per unit area has been improved to some extent. According to Wu Hui's research, the Qing Dynasty
Due to the popularization of double-cropping rice, corn and sweet potato, the average yield per mu increased by 16.8 kg compared with that of Ming Dynasty. Coupled with the expansion of cultivated land area and the increase of output (average mu ambition of 4.2 Jin), the average mu yield ratio in Qing Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty (346 Jin per mu) * * * increased by 2 1 Jin, reaching 367 Jin.