Bozhou has an excellent geographical position. "The Antarctic is closed, the spine road is westward, east-west 140 miles, and the surrounding area is 3,000 miles, covering the southwest Olympic area. West of Sichuan Qijiang, Nanchuan Qianmen; Chishui, Wusha, Shuixi and Ping Huang in the southwest are the back doors; Its east is far from Huguang Pianqiao and Yuanzhou, and it is the right rib. Where the three provinces are connected, the terrain is cut in the northwest, the southeast river is a pool, and the valley is all in the middle. The cliff is steep, crossing the stream, people can't parallel. " Bozhou is located between Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan provinces, bordering Bashu in the west and Hunan in the east. It is an important gateway for the Central Plains to enter Guizhou. Bozhou, which connects the Yangtze River waterway and Wujiang River basin, has a very advantageous geographical position. The building mountain range in the territory extends from southwest to northeast, which is a natural barrier. It can be said that Bozhou is an important place that is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and has always been valued by military strategists.
Meanwhile, Bozhou is also rich in natural resources. There are fertile soil suitable for farming, Yuan Ye suitable for grazing, mountain forest resources suitable for hunting, and amazing mountain mineral reserves. Therefore, in the Ming Dynasty, Bozhou ranked first in Guizhou with its unique advantages, developed economy and wealth. In this way, no matter who occupied Bozhou at that time, they could completely "close their doors" and then be self-sufficient.
Therefore, all previous dynasties attached great importance to Bozhou, an important town in the southwest. Before the Anshi Rebellion, Bozhou was firmly controlled by the central dynasty of the Tang Dynasty and never left. However, after the "An Shi Rebellion", with the decline of the central government in the Tang Dynasty, its control over Bozhou and other southwestern regions also declined greatly. Some powerful tribal chiefs in southwest China became independent, and the central government of the Tang Dynasty could not stop them.
In 770, Bozhou rebelled. The following year, Tang Daizong ordered "(Luo Rong) to lead an army to conquer the south, suppress caress, and make the barbarians peaceful forever" ("Records of Qianzhou County"), taking Luo Rong as the governor of six states, recruiting envoys along the border, Prince Taibao and Dr. Rong Lu to be responsible for pacifying the chaos in Bozhou. Then it took Luo Rong seven years to clear the way to suppress, and finally put down the Bozhou rebellion.
After putting down the rebellion, in order to continue to control the southwest of Bozhou, Tang Daizong appointed Luo Rong as the Hou of Bozhou, "that is, his land was enfeoffed and the world was ordered to sow soil", and Bozhou became Roche's hereditary fief. After four generations, Roche spread to Romania, and Roche has ruled Bozhou for more than 80 years. In the past 80 years, with the decline of the Tang Dynasty, Bozhou Roche began to face the increasingly severe surrounding situation. First, the "Luo Min" people (Yi people) living in Bijie and Guiyang began to grow, and the powerful "Luo Min" people targeted Bozhou. Then Nanzhao, which rose in northwest Yunnan, began to expand eastward with the decline of the Tang Dynasty, and the rich Bozhou bore the brunt.
At first, the first three generations of Roche leaders had some skills, and with the prestige of the Tang family at that time, Bozhou could maintain peace for a period of time. But in Luo's generation, Roche failed to keep this rich land in Bozhou. In the 13th year of Dazhong (859), Luo Min and Nanzhao captured Bozhou in one fell swoop, and Roche lost control of Bozhou for the first time. In the second year, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent Li Kun to repel Luo Min, and Bozhou returned to Roche briefly. However, two years later, with the retreat of Tang Jun, Nanzhao Luo Min made a comeback and conquered Bozhou again, and Roche lost control of Bozhou for the second time. This time, Luo couldn't wait for the arrival of Tang Jun, so he had to flee to his ancestral home in Luzhou, Sichuan.
In the third year of Jian 'an (876), unwilling to fail, Luo turned to Yang Duan, the leader of the Liao Dynasty, at that time, for help and wanted to recapture Bozhou. Ambitious Yang Duan has always wanted a hereditary territory recognized by the imperial court, and naturally he is drooling over this fertile soil in Bozhou. So after getting Luo's help, he led the people with eight surnames in Luzhou to join the army in Platinum and Gaoyao Mountain. From the risk point of view, it is a long-term solution to marry local tyrant Jiang and establish a permanent account. Quite out of kou, out of Indiana Jones hit it, defeat it ",so Nanzhao clan has declined, so Yang Duan quickly defeated the clan and occupied Bozhou.
However, after Yang Duan occupied Bozhou, he did not return Bozhou to Roche, but took it for himself, thus Roche's rule over Bozhou for more than half a century came to an end, while Yang began to actually rule Bozhou for 725 years. Since then, the central government of the Tang Dynasty recognized Yang Duan's occupation of Bozhou, and the Tang court awarded Yang Duan the title of secretariat of Bozhou. Later, Yang Duan's descendants inherited the post of Bozhou secretariat from the Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms.
In the third year of Gande (965), the Song Dynasty dominated the whole country. Shi Yang, the fifth leader of Bozhou, led the soldiers and civilians to join the Song Dynasty, and Zhao Kuangyin and Song Taizu established Bozhou, Zunyi Army and Zunyi County. Although Bozhou was nominally directly managed by the Song central government, it was actually controlled by Yang. At the end of Song Dynasty, Bozhou Yang was loyal to Song Ting and never had a rebellious heart. In the Song Dynasty, Yang in Bozhou was constantly mentioned. For example, during the period of Song Shenzong, Yang Guangzhen was appointed as a patrol envoy from Yilang and the border.
After the death of the Song Dynasty, Yang's situation in Bozhou was irreversible, so Yang Bangxian, the 16th leader of Yang, wrote to Kublai Khan in the 14th year of Zhiyuan (1277) that "my people have defended their country since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and they will be willing to surrender their land in five hundred years". After the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan appointed Yang Bangxian as a propaganda and condolence ambassador to Shao Qing, Zhou Zhen and Nanping. In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1), the 16th leader of Yang family was promoted to Bozhou Department. In the 23rd year of Ming dynasty (1363), Guizhou was occupied by Ming dynasty, and the 22nd leader of Yang family was attached to Ming dynasty, which still allowed him to control Bozhou.
In the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), he ruled the country in the Ming Dynasty, and Yang Keng led Bozhou soldiers and civilians to join the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang asked him to remain the envoy of Bozhou, and gave him gold medals, silver seals, bronze medals, service coins and other things to show his favor.
In the 28th year of Wanli (1600), the 30th leader of the Yang family rose up against the Ming Dynasty, and the former imperial adviser and assistant minister of the Ministry of War were the military governors of Sichuan, Huguang and Guizhou provinces, and 240,000 soldiers from Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces were recruited and divided into eight routes to suppress Bozhou. Finally, after 65,438+065,438+04 days, the Ming Dynasty sent 240,000 troops and spent about two million taels of silver to finally quell Yang's rebellion. Since then, Yang's 725-year actual rule over Bozhou has come to an end.
At this time, many people will certainly have such a question: "Why did Yang and others always firmly control Bozhou during the 725 years of repeated regime changes, whether it was a powerful dynasty like the Yuan Dynasty or a troubled time like the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms?" In fact, young people in Bozhou can rule Bozhou for 275 years, mainly for the following reasons:
First, the superior geographical location. At the beginning, the article introduces the superior position of Bozhou. Bozhou lies in the southwest plateau, between Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan provinces. The mountains and rivers are deeply blocked and the terrain is dangerous. China's Mansion Mountains protect Bozhou from southwest to northeast, becoming a natural barrier, which is easy to defend but difficult to attack. At the same time, the road from Bozhou to the Central Plains is not smooth. As the saying goes, "cliffs are steep and steep, and people and horses can't go hand in hand." Due to the steep terrain of Bozhou, the Central Plains and Bozhou are connected by roads, but they are not smooth. The road through Bozhou is very narrow, so people and horses cannot pass in parallel.
In addition, according to the records of Huayang National Records, "there are many obstacles, such as the Yangtze River, fog and frying, which are called red guards". Therefore, the poor roads, dangerous terrain and unique geographical advantages can naturally ensure the safety of Bozhou to a certain extent, making it difficult for people to live in a prosperous time. It can be said that once a certain force can occupy this place, it can immediately form a separatist regime and compete with the Central Plains Dynasty. Unless it makes great efforts, it is difficult to pose a threat.
Second, abundant natural resources. Under normal circumstances, if a force wants to form a separatist regime in a certain place and fight against the Central Plains dynasty for a long time, this place must meet two conditions, one is geographical location, and the other is natural resources, and Bozhou just meets these two conditions. The history book says: "Bozhou is fertile soil, two thousand miles from east to west and hundreds of miles from north to south." Since the Tang Dynasty, Bozhou has been in a social state of "no matter where rice and millet are, there is no corvee". By the Ming Dynasty, Bozhou's economy ranked first in Guizhou, and Bozhou was able to achieve this because of its rich natural resources.
As the article said at the beginning, Bozhou has both fertile farmland and early pastures. Because there are many mountains and forests, there are also abundant wildlife resources for hunting. At the same time, Bozhou's mountain mineral reserves are amazing, especially iron ore and copper resources, and iron and copper are exactly what are needed to make weapons. Therefore, Bozhou at that time lacked neither food nor weapons. No matter what kind of forces are entrenched here, he can be completely self-sufficient and independent of the outside world.
Third, know the times. Bozhou's superior geographical location and rich natural resources are the basis for young people to rule Bozhou for 725 years. However, if the Central Plains Dynasty must make up its mind to destroy the young people in Bozhou, it will not be destroyed. In the Battle of Bozhou, the Ming Dynasty recruited 240,000 troops, and it took 1 14 days to destroy the young people in Bozhou. Therefore, in fact, the biggest reason why Bozhou Yang can rule Bozhou for 725 years is that Bozhou Yang "knows the times".
Since Yang was in charge of Bozhou in the late Tang Dynasty, we can't find any other records about Yang's defiance of the central government except that the last chieftain publicly rebelled against the court in the early Ming Dynasty, which shows that Yang is obedient and loyal to the central government. At the same time, Yang is not loyal to any family of the central government in Bozhou. If he had been loyal, Yang would not have been firmly in control of Bozhou from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty. At that time, whenever the central dynasty changed, Yang of Bozhou no longer worked for the old dynasty, but quickly surrendered to the new dynasty with Bozhou soldiers and civilians. If Song died, he surrendered to Yuan. Yuan Wu first surrendered to Yu Zhen of Ming Dynasty, and then to Zhu Yuanzhang.
As we said just now, it is not impossible for the Central Plains Dynasty to conquer Bozhou. However, because Bozhou is mountainous, easy to defend and difficult to attack, and with the advantage of self-sufficiency in its own natural resources, the central government must spend a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources to completely capture Bozhou. Without several times the strength of Bozhou and sufficient food and ammunition, it is difficult for the Central Plains Dynasty to completely conquer Bozhou. In this way, when the young people in Bozhou are willing to take the initiative to surrender and help the new dynasty to appease Bozhou soldiers and civilians and let them surrender to the new dynasty together, the rulers of those new dynasties are naturally happy and can occupy this fertile soil without a single soldier. Naturally, it will not be too embarrassed by the young people in Bozhou.
In this way, it is based on the above three reasons that Yang was able to rule Bozhou for 725 years. In fact, Yang's rule in Bozhou may last for a hundred years if the last toaster didn't commit suicide and tried to fight the court with his country. Unfortunately, he was too arrogant, which made Yang's rule in Bozhou fail.