With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards in China, people pay more and more attention to nutrition and health. Healthy diet, nutrition and health care are closely related to people's lives now, and reasonable nutrition is the basis of health. Scientific diet, reasonable nutrition and health promotion have become the basic needs of society. However, at present, China residents know little about nutrition knowledge, and there is a serious shortage of nutrition talents. In order to widely popularize nutrition knowledge and improve the nutritional quality of the whole people, it has become an urgent need for our society to train professional nutrition technicians.
Key words: health food, probiotics, nutritious diet, dietotherapy.
Introduction: Food is the material basis of human existence. In today's rich material, people's requirements for quality of life are getting higher and higher. With the development of economy and the improvement of living quality, people's requirements for food are getting higher and higher, from satisfying food and clothing to pursuing taste, and then gradually changing to pursuing nutrition and health care-that is, meeting nutritional needs through daily diet, regulating body function and reducing disease risk. More and more consumer groups constitute a huge health food consumption market. As a traditional food culture in China that has been passed down for thousands of years, health preservation has become a common practice. However, while paying attention to health, we should also fully understand the nutritional components and safety hazards of health food.
1. Definition and connotation of health food:
1. 1 the concept of health food
Health food (functional food, dietary supplement) has different concepts in different countries. My definition of health care is: food that shows that it is eaten by a specific group of people, has the function of regulating the body, and is not aimed at treating diseases. This definition gives health food three attributes: (1) food attributes: health food is a kind of food, which meets the basic requirements of ordinary food, can provide one or more nutrients, can be digested and absorbed by human body, and is safe and non-toxic, but not ordinary food; 2) Functional attributes: Half-room video should have a specific health care function, which can be objectively tested by scientific experiments, and may be a special food to meet the special physiological skills needs of special people. Health food is not suitable for everyone because of the limitation of eating objects and consumption. 3) Non-pharmaceutical properties: Health food is not a medicine, and it cannot replace the therapeutic effect of medicine on patients, nor can it aim at treating diseases. It can only adjust the physiological function of the body through certain channels to meet the requirements of the human body, and consumers can choose freely.
1.2 the connotation of health food
People need health food because people's health status has different stages and different needs. Different health foods are needed to adjust the needs of the body in health, incubation, illness and recovery. In health food, writing is to protect the normal function of the body, some to promote the normal or extraordinary function of the body, some to delay the downward trend of various functions of the body, and some to adjust the abnormal physiological indexes of the body. Therefore, the benefits of health food are many.
1.3 characteristics of health food
Health food also has some characteristics, mainly reflected in: 1, health food is food; 2. Health food must be functional; 3. Health food is suitable for specific people; 4. The formula, ingredients and utilization of health food must have scientific basis and clear functional ingredients; 5. Health food should not only be tested by the unit designated by the Ministry of Health, but also be approved by the local health administrative department after preliminary examination. After the approval of the Ministry of Health, health food approval documents and batch numbers can be issued and health food labels can be affixed.
2. Present situation and development trend of health food
2. 1 Source of health food
The origin of health food in China can be traced back to the Chinese nation's long tradition of dietotherapy and the theory of "homology of medicine and food". In addition, Chinese medicine, as a traditional medicine and health culture, is an important theoretical basis and effective material source for the development of health food in China, and it is also a unique advantage for the development of health food in China.
2.2 Status of Health Food
Health food in China developed rapidly in the middle and late 1980s, and gradually formed a new industry. China Municipal Government has formulated corresponding laws, regulations and technical standards, and formed a relatively complete system of laws, regulations and technical standards. According to relevant data, the sales of health food in China was nearly 50 billion yuan in 200 1 year, and this figure may double again in 20 10/year, and the number of health food production enterprises has mushroomed to more than 3,000. According to the statistics in 2003, mankind has entered the era of preventive medicine, and health food has a broad prospect.
2.3 Health food stage
The development history of health products can be roughly divided into three stages: the first generation of health food, including various fortified foods, is the most primitive functional food, and the nutritional function of this food is only inferred according to the functions of various nutrients or fortified nutrients, without any experimental test. The second generation of health care products must be proved to have certain physiological functions through animal and human experiments. The third generation health food not only needs animal and human experiments to prove that it has a certain function, but also needs to know the structure and content of effective ingredients (or functional factors) with this effect. The third generation health food is developing vigorously in China, which represents the future development trend.
2.4 the trend of health food
At present, in China, three generations of products exist in different market regions, but generally speaking, the first generation is on the verge of being eliminated (there is still a certain market in rural areas), the second generation occupies the middle and low end, and the third generation is in the middle and high end. After 2000, a large number of multinational enterprises entered China on a large scale, bringing a large number of advanced nutrition and health products from developed countries. Almost all these products belong to the third generation. While selling products, they have done a lot of work to popularize nutrition and health care knowledge and teach consumers how to sign and choose health food. When consumers re-examine many domestic nutrition and health products with critical eyes, ugly packaging and vague and exaggerated effects reduce their trust. The final beneficiaries are undoubtedly multinational companies that do knowledge marketing. Although I have paid a lot, I have also gained a lot.
3. Factors affecting the development of health food industry in various countries
3. 1 Three stages of health food development in various countries
The development of health food in various countries has gone through three stages. The first generation is fortified food, and the second generation is a health care function proved by animal and human experiments. However, its functional components, chemical structure and mechanism of action are unknown, so it is impossible to quantitatively determine its unique components. The third generation is to extract functional factors and effective components from natural raw materials, and at the same time determine their chemical structure and content. Many countries only recognize the third generation of health food. I believe it can make consumers agree, supervise and manage, and prevent mixed fish and dragons. From the perspective of China's health food market, only by developing the third generation of health food can we be in line with international standards, enter the international market and establish credibility among consumers.
3.2 Several factors affecting the development of health food industry in various countries
Market data show that the global functional food industry will develop at an average annual rate of 10% in the next decade, which greatly exceeds the annual growth rate of 2% in the food industry. There are two main factors that affect the development of functional food industry: "market pull" and "scientific promotion". In addition, "food" industry and "government" are also two important factors to promote the development of functional food industry.
3.2. 1 market pull
The decisive factor of market pull is consumers. Whether a product is favored by consumers depends mainly on its taste, convenience and consumer trust. According to the current popular view in Europe and America, functional food is first of all taste, and only good taste can attract consumers. Consumers will not neglect taste for health; The other is convenience, which requires the product to be convenient to eat, heat and carry; The third degree of trust, the consumer's trust in the product is the guarantee for it to win the market. The safety and effectiveness of products are the guarantee to improve consumers' trust; Good "brand" and encouraging consumers to buy are important factors.
3。 2。 2 scientific popularization
In terms of scientific popularization, functional food research needs to answer eight questions: ① consumer understanding: what kind of health care effect consumers need most; ② Biological information: Which molecule undertakes this function; ③ In vitro screening and in vivo effect: If there are multiple components working together, which component has the greatest biological effect; (4) Bioavailability: digestion and absorption of specific bioactive substances with biological benefits; ⑤ Biotechnology and food engineering: How to obtain this bioactive substance and produce a promising functional food; ⑥ Mechanism of action; ⑦ Population intervention research: whether it is really effective for human body; Information: How can we explain these effects? Throughout the international scientific research on functional foods, there are several points worthy of our attention: ① Pay attention to adopting new theories and methods to reveal the functions and mechanisms of non-traditional nutritional ingredients in food. Considering that most of the effective ingredients in food are mixtures, it is difficult to separate and purify the effective ingredients. Toshihiko, a Japanese osawa, established an immunochemical research method to evaluate oxidative stress, successfully prepared specific antibodies against lipid peroxide, protein and DNA oxidative damage, and established an ELASA method for micro-determination with such antibodies, so as to evaluate antioxidant food components in vitro and in vivo. Using this method, biomarkers of oxidative stress damage can be detected from blood, saliva and urine. ② Pay attention to the development of new functional materials. In the next few years, countries around the world will pay more attention to the research and development of non-traditional nutritional animal and plant resources. In recent years, scholars from Europe, the United States and Japan have turned their eyes to China, India and South America to find functional materials that can reduce the risk of some chronic diseases that seriously endanger human health, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and Alzheimer's Harmo's disease. ③ Pay more attention to interdisciplinary and transnational cooperation. In recent years, European and American countries have successively established international organizations for functional food research and development, and also published publications, such as Functional Food published in the United States. In order to coordinate the research of functional food, the European branch of the International Society for Life Sciences established a functional food science research group, which was composed of 60 researchers from different countries and divided into six sub-topics. It conducted in-depth research in six aspects: growth, development and differentiation, substrate metabolism, active oxygen defense, gastrointestinal physiology and function, cardiovascular function, behavior and psychology, and published special papers, which had a far-reaching impact on the future development of functional food.
3, 2.3 Food Industry and Government
The role of the food industry is obvious, because only a strong food industry will produce functional foods that are popular with consumers and taste good. Only a strong food industry can keep functional ingredients in products as much as possible and improve the functional characteristics of food by adopting various advanced technologies and quality control measures. Among the factors that promote the development of functional food, the role of the government is also very critical. Because the government not only formulates laws and policies to encourage the development of functional food industry, but also plays an important role in strengthening market supervision and survival of the fittest. More importantly, the government can build a bridge between scientists and consumers, strengthen information exchange, let consumers have a correct understanding of various functional products, and enhance consumers' trust in functional foods.
4. Development direction of health food market in various countries.
Throughout the relevant reports, the functional food market deserves our attention in the following aspects:
4. 1 children's market-a special consumer group.
There are 72 million children in the United States, including: hyperlipidemia-270 thousand; /kloc-children under 0/9 years old, hypertension-2 million; Overweight-14 children, tired due to lack of energy-60%; 15% of children doze off in class. Sharp American food manufacturers have launched a series of functional foods suitable for children. For example, according to the fact that about 80% children don't get the recommended amount of vitamins and minerals, they have introduced a series of children's fortified foods such as ready-to-eat breakfast and organic cheese containing six kinds of live bacteria. Energy-fortified foods are also very popular. According to a survey, 37% of American high school students like energy drinks, 36% students drink coffee drinks and 24% students drink tea drinks. In addition to emphasizing the importance of breakfast, products related to vitamins A, C, E, B and β -carotene are loved by children, and DHA and EPA products with intelligence enhancement are also welcomed to a certain extent.
4.2 Adult market aimed at improving the quality of life
With the extension of people's life, the acceleration of work pace and the improvement of living standards, consumers, especially middle-aged and elderly people, pay more and more attention to improving their quality of life. One is a product that provides energy. 75% adults in the United States are worried about energy and fatigue, and 35 million adults have symptoms of lack of energy. One third of the buyers said that one person in their family was trying to improve and eliminate the lack of energy and fatigue. In 200 1 year, the sales of sports nutritious food in the United States reached 2.5 billion dollars, and the sales of energy drinks reached 500 million dollars. In recent years, 29% of men and 36% of women in the United States are concerned about mental stress, and brain energy products have also appeared on the market. The second is weight loss products. In the United States, nearly/kloc-0.05 million adults over the age of 20 are overweight and 42.5 million are obese. Nearly 50% shoppers admit that one person in their family is trying to control their weight. In the United States, 62 million people are trying to control their weight and 5.8 million consumers are trying to lose weight. Therefore, diet functional foods, including low-calorie foods, are very popular in the United States. The third is that foods that enhance immune function meet the needs of 3/4 Americans. There are/kloc-0.08 million cases of influenza in the United States every year, so functional products and herbs to improve immunity are the first choice, especially products using probiotics and prebiotics, which have aroused widespread concern. The fourth is functional food to improve eyesight. It is a new health care function in the field of functional food. In the United States, 90% of adults want to maintain healthy eyesight, and 28% of families have a member who is actively improving and treating eyesight. More than 60 million people in the United States are nearsighted, and 6.5438+0.4 million people have macular degeneration. In recent years, lutein, anthocyanins and carotenoids have been found to play an important role in improving vision, and products with lutein as the main raw material have been listed in Europe and America.
4.3 Functional snack food is a direction of functional food development in the future.
Over the years, American functional food manufacturers have gradually realized that Americans don't want to give up their favorite snack foods for health. Some clever manufacturers began to introduce functional food into the field of snack food. At present, not only functional candy (VA, VC, VE and calcium in fortified candy) has been developed in the American candy market, but also calcium-added chewing gum has appeared. The sales of functional candy in the world is $4 billion, accounting for 1/6 of the candy market. At present, some manufacturers are still developing functional candy with the functions of enhancing immunity, clearing throat and moistening throat. Secondly, functional tea beverage has become one of the mainstream tea products in Europe and America, and many manufacturers have successfully developed the functional tea beverage market.
4.4 "Individualized production" and "Individualized service" are the noticeable trends of functional food enterprises in the future.
Personalized service is the most successful business strategy in 2 1 century. In the field of functional food, "personalized production" and "personalized service" are also one of the successful strategies of enterprises. Personalized packaging, personalized retail service and expert face-to-face consultation and after-sales service are winning global success. For example, design breakfast whole grain food for women: provide daily calcium -60%, iron -90%, folic acid-100%, VB12-100%; For menopausal women: bread -40ug isoflavone, beverage-100mg soybean isoflavone; Packaging ingredients: probiotics+prebiotics, which consumers can add to snack food and milk by themselves.
4.5 Products that reduce the risk of diseases are one of the main channels for the development of functional foods in the future.
It is a main channel for the development of functional food in the future to use functional food as an auxiliary medicine to relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of illness. At present, about 55 million consumers in the United States buy some healthy food to stay healthy. About half of Americans think that some foods can be used instead of drugs to reduce the risk of illness. In addition to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity and diabetes by using the aforementioned functional foods, consumers also buy a large number of functional foods and other healthy foods that are conducive to reducing and relieving osteoporosis, improving gastrointestinal health, preventing dental caries, improving joint pain and antiallergic.
5. Summary and prospect of the paper.
Through the study of healthy nutrition and health care, I have a more comprehensive understanding of the definition and content of health. Health is not only about eating and drinking well, but also about simply dressing well and being warm. At the same time, it also makes me pay more attention to my usual diet, health and hygiene, while maintaining a good mood and cheerful personality.
With the development and progress of society, the fast pace of life and the great pressure of life. We are increasingly ignoring our health problems. Because people pay more and more attention to health, and it is more and more comprehensive, the definition of modern health is more and more diversified and extensive. Including physical, psychological and social adaptation. Mental health is the spiritual pillar of physical health, and physical health is the material basis of mental health. Physical defects and diseases can cause people to have anxiety, anxiety, depression and other negative emotions, leading to abnormal psychological state. Nowadays people often say that health comes first, knowledge comes second, family comes third and money comes fourth. The most precious thing in life is life, which is everyone's most precious wealth. 2 1 century needs all-round development of morality, physique and quality to adapt to the all-round development of new talents in 2 1 century.
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