According to historical records, there are many people who should be promoted this time, including 33 people. The first slaughter Han Qi spoke. He said that young people nowadays really don't know how to be modest. With Sur here, there are so many people competing! As soon as this word spread, most people flinched. Of course, the second step that Sur has to face is still very arduous, that is, the so-called "Six Good People in the Secret Pavilion". It is said that the Secret Pavilion exam was originally scheduled to be held in August, but in August, Su Zhe was unfortunately ill, and the Prime Minister Han Qi made a decision, so he postponed the exam for one month and took it again in September. Because he felt that as long as one of Su Shi and Su Zhe could not attend, it would be meaningless for the imperial court to hold this exam.

Su Hu (996- 1067) is the oldest examiner in the "Neo-Confucianism System" in the six years of Jiayou, and is regarded as the successor of "Kunxi Style" in literature. Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072) and Yang Bu (1007- 1062) and examiner Wang Chou (1007- 1065) and Fan Zhen were recommended. Wu Kui (1011068) and Cai Xiang (10/2-1067) are slightly smaller, but they are considered peers. Among them, Han Qi, Ouyang Xiu and Cai Xiang were Fan Zhongyan's politics in the Qing Dynasty. There are also three younger officials, namely Sima Guang (10 19- 1086), Wang Anshi (1021-kloc-0/086) and Shen Li (/kloc-0). Shen was the youngest, but he died young. Sima Guang and Wang Anshi will become the leaders of "the struggle between old and new parties" in the near future. They should be regarded as another generation. During the Jiayou period, they enjoyed a high reputation in Shilin, and the court appointed them as the main examiners, which showed that their abilities and opinions were valued, and they clearly expressed and adhered to their opinions, and they were never vague. Significantly, on the issue of Su Zhe's countermeasures, their attitudes are completely opposite. The Su brothers who came to Beijing from a remote place in western Shu faced their predecessors, or judged the second Su's knowledge, mainly these two generations: the "scholar-officials" in those days and the "party leaders" in the future.

Ouyang Xiu's idea of combining the "retro" values with daily life and avoiding conflicts with the secular world was inherited by the Second Soviet Union, but it was not recognized by Wang Anshi's generation who intervened in it. They hoped to adhere to the "retro" values with a more vivid attitude and establish it as the only correct highest principle without being afraid of fierce conflicts with the secular world. Although Sima Guang's specific idea is different from Wang Anshi's, the idea of principle priority is exactly the same. Such the same ideas and different ideas will soon tear the scholar-bureaucrat society in the Northern Song Dynasty into two halves.

In a word, the content of "sages entering the volume" in the Second Soviet Union not only inherited the idea of "celebrating the calendar" advocated by Ouyang Xiu and others, but also showed some demands similar to those of later leaders of "party struggle" such as Wang Anshi, but the former was dominant. In the face of Wang Anshi's "political reform", Su Er's words and deeds differed and even contradicted with his early remarks in the Book of Jin, which was caused by various personnel factors.

Lecture 3: Wutai Poetry Case

Su Shi worked in Hangzhou twice in his life. He was appointed Tongguan in Xining, and Yuan You was well known.

But for the cultural history of China, the encounter between Su Shi and Hangzhou is of great significance. The urban and rural scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, various West Lakes, picturesque Wu Shan and thrilling Qian Jiangchao are the best creative gifts for poets. Su Shi also deserves this gift. He left many famous sayings for the landscape of Hangzhou, which was always associated with his name, and changed the image of Hangzhou from then on: this metropolis covered with money, food and salt was transformed into a habitat of art and beauty by Su Shi, full of charm and endless charm.

The above story is generally reliable, but the problem is that, from this point of view, it seems that only the censors of Yushitai advocate severely punishing Su Shi, and others do not agree. This is of course impossible, so when the Wutai poetry case is regarded as a political event, the existing historical materials show obvious defects. Things that have been denied in history are often like this. According to historical records, many people have tried to stop it from getting worse, but they didn't say who the "culprit" was.

Lecture 4: Three Chants of Red Cliff

Wang summarized the creative characteristics of Huangzhou period;

First, expressing the complex and contradictory life feelings during the relegation period is its main theme. Compared with his tenure, there are fewer political and social poems and more personal lyric poems.

Secondly, the creative style of this period is both vigorous and broad and simple, which reveals the news of Linghai's transition to plain natural style in his later period;

Thirdly, in terms of prose, during his tenure, he mainly focused on argumentative essays (on politics and history) and narrative essays. During this period, lyric was emphasized, and the combination of lyric and narrative, scenery description and reasoning was emphasized. Literary prose with conscious creativity has emerged, among which Fu, prose, inscriptions and letters have achieved the highest achievements.

Self-cultivation, family planning, self-making, self-adaptation to literature and self-preservation-these are the contents of Dongpo's life in Huangzhou.

Wuchang Fankou is nowhere to be seen. Mr Dongpo stayed for five years. The spring breeze shakes the drought in the river, and the clouds roll up the mountains and roll up the clouds. Feng Dan turned the crow over with water, and the long pine fell asleep in the snow. Peach blossoms and flowing water, Wuling will be immortal.

(Book, Wang Dingguo Collection, Smoke River, Su Shi's Poems, Volume 30)

Romantic changes, mainly idle people. (Collected Works of Su Shi, Volume 50)

Perilla said, "Do you know my husband's water and the moon? The deceased was like this, but he never went. If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Beggars will see from their own changes that heaven and earth can't be in an instant. If we look at it from its unchanging point of view, then things are infinite to me, but why envy them? Between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, it's a dime. However, the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains are empty to the ear and beautiful when they meet. They are inexhaustible, they are the endless hiding place of the creator, and they are also the place where my son and I eat. " (Former Chibi Fu)

The river is noisy, and thousands of feet is broken. The mountain is high and the moon is small, and the truth comes out. Once the sun and the moon were geometric, but the mountains and rivers were unrecognizable. Yu Zheng took the clothes upstairs and walked on the rock, covered with velvet. Live in the tiger and leopard, climb the dragon. Climb the stork's dangerous nest, and lean on Feng Yi's secluded palace. You can't cover two guests at will. Row but long whistle, vegetation vibration. The mountain sounds like valleys, and the wind rises and the water surges. Giving is also quiet, awe and fear, and it is impossible to stay long. Go back to the boat, let it flow, let it stop. (Post-Red Cliff Fu)

Sixth lecture: the relationship between Wang and the Soviet Union

Su Shi's Official Letter was drafted by Wang Anshi after he entered the official career. After Wang Anshi's death, the first book of praise and gift given by the court was drafted by Su Shi.

Indeed, from the "subordinate to Xining", it was the first to use it. Trust is so strong that it has never existed since ancient times, which means that it has won Zongshen's trust and started "karma", and immediately jumped to "to achieve great things and rise to glory." "There are no clouds, they are like a legacy. It seems that it has already left before it is launched, and the economy of a generation is really like a "floating cloud". Under normal circumstances, the most important content of commending a former prime minister who has just died should be to emphasize the success of his "career", but Wang Anshi's teacher-teaching system seems to lack this content. Needless to say, Su Shi did not and could not praise the "new law". Moreover, since it is in the era of "Yuan", even if Wang Anshi has underground knowledge, he will not expect to be praised in this respect.

Perhaps it can be said that a scholar-type politician will naturally regard the "prime minister" who is a combination of mentor and official as the highest pursuit of life. However, the actual situation of China's cultural development in the Northern Song Dynasty is that both academic thoughts and political opinions have formed many schools with their own characteristics, and academic terms such as "New Learning", "Luo Learning" and "Yuan You Learning" are quite similar to political terms such as "New Party", "Luo Party", "Shu Party" and "Yuan You Party". Therefore, although the unity of tutors and officials in charge is regarded as the highest mode of "cross-industry", whether such "cross-industry" will also bring negative effects to social culture is a question worthy of consideration.

Because the model of political leaders and mentors was clearly expressed by Wang Anshi in Xue Ji, the former state, Su Shi wrote an article about the result of his reflection, which was tit for tat with Xue Ji, the former state Xue Ji. At the time of writing this article, Su Shi was in the last year of his life, that is, March 4th of the first year (11). Qianzhou and Nan 'an Army in the Northern Song Dynasty are two adjacent state-level administrative units, both of which are subordinate to Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Wang Anshi is good at this kind of article, and Su Shi has only written this one in his life.

Old and weak, sick in bed. Pumping water to buy new flowers to comfort the fragrance. I only need a moment to live, but I won't last long. The new flowers and the old me have been forgotten. (Wang Anshi's "New Flowers")

Lecture 8: Political Party Struggle in Yuan You

Through active communication, Su Shi turned many "enemies" into friends, and still gained affection and friendship in his difficult and ups-and-downs career. Of course, the most precious thing in his life is the brotherhood with Su Zhe. Su Zhe is his staunchest supporter and advocate, whether it is "the struggle between the old and new parties" or "the struggle between the parties in Yuan You". A historian commented on Su Zhe's story in The History of Song Dynasty: "Philosophers and younger brothers came from different backgrounds, a friend in need, a feeling of friendship, and no lack of resentment, which is rare in modern times."

Lecture 9: Singing Chitose

The rule of Zhezong made Shanhai full of courtiers and created the highest level of "relegation culture" in the history of China. At that time, the boundary of relegation of literati was Hainan Island where Su Shi arrived.

Red autumn ear

In shallow water, outside the bar, the early spring in the suburbs quietly receded. The flowers on the branches, under the beautiful light of the lights, are like the ground and bounce slightly. Liu Ying's flowers, the lightness turns, are heard too fast and too thin. Oh, wandering alone, worrying that the wine is getting thinner, it is rare to get drunk. Missing day after day, body and mind have been burned to ashes.

Friends and friends, all the way to obstruct, in front of the Long Yun garden, late evening, relative. Back in those days, Kestejun-only went to Xichi for a grand meeting, and was in high spirits for a while, driving a relaxed Chinese BMW. Unexpectedly, the sudden change, now, see people walking hand in hand, how many are not happy? Ah, the ship goes around the sun and the moon, and the dream is broken, only the bronze mirror, and the blushing face is gone. In spring, there are thousands of fallen flowers, and the ones that should fall fall, leading the melancholy, such as the sea, pushed by the tide.

-Qin Guan

Red autumn ear

On the other side of the island. Leave before you get old. The jade pendant on the waist is Lingling; The gold belt is rich and gaudy. The sound shook Yu Pei. Colored gold belt. -Wan Li. The sunset is facing Chang 'an.

It's a long way to go, Xiu Yuan. A big sin can cover it up. The king's life is heavy and inviolable; My integrity is still in my hands. The new grace is still commendable. Old learning is hard to change in the end. I'm already dead. Floating on the sea when riding a fork.

-Su Shi

Remarks: Qin Shaoyou's Ci is handed down from generation to generation. Chitose, as a microcosm of the mentality of being relegated after the party struggle, was sung by Su schools such as Huang Tingjian, Kong, Li Zhiyi and Su Shi. It can be seen that although Zisu is bold and unconstrained, his students can still write beautifully and even become representatives of the graceful school. This is not a compatibility.

Lecture 10: The History of Personal Poetry

Wan Li, a mountain, will not die, but will return to the field, so there is great worry. Isn't that his life? But life and death are also detailed. Those who have no foot massage only regard Buddhism as the law and respect all beings. (Two Poems by Su Shi and Jingshan Lin Wei (Part Two))

On the whole, Su Zhe's dating poems in his later years show the unfolding process of individual life and daily life, some of which are metaphors of the political situation at that time, while others are direct criticisms of relevant policies. Subjectively, he inherited the writing style of Chunqiu, and now it can also be regarded as a development form of Su Shi's "personal history of poetry". Su Zhe admired and followed his brother all his life. After Su Shi's death, he insisted on Su Shi's writing style very lonely. This persistence lasted for twelve years, which gave him a very special old age. He experienced a harsh and absurd era that Su Shi never dreamed of, witnessed countless political farce that Su Shi had never seen before, and experienced great external pressure and long inner loneliness far beyond his brother. In this absurd era, lonely reason is facing the ever-changing farce of prosperity, and under the constant pressure of "party ban", its expression is tortuous, implicit and profound, which opens up another meaningful realm for "ruling" Song poetry.

After reading some:

1, Ten Lectures by Su Shi should be regarded as a work with six academic points and four plain points. It is still different from Mr. Lin Yutang's biography of Su Dongpo. Ten Lectures pays more attention to the explanation of Su Shi's life details under the theme. It also focuses on some of Su Shi's works, including the series of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, so it is more academic. There is also a biography of Su Dongpo, but the relative length is not that big.

2. The relationship between Su Shi and Wang Anshi was sorted out separately in Ten Lectures, which smacked of Su Like Dongpo's biography. However, this is also an unavoidable problem. In the Northern Song Dynasty, in the four dynasties of Yingzong, Zongshen, Zhezong and Huizong, and even at the beginning of Su Shi's graduation in the late Renzong and early Jiayou years, the biggest thing in the Five Dynasties was the party struggle caused by Wang Anshi's political reform. Not to mention the discord between Su Shi and Wang Anshi, and the constant relegation, the evolution of the relationship between Wang and Su actually represents the intensity of party struggle and everyone's moral bottom line. After Hui Zong, it is Jingkang. Then the Song people crossed south, and there was no rebellion in the north.