Teaching objectives
1. Learn about Mencius;
2. Summarize the knowledge of classical Chinese characters, words and sentences in class;
3. Understand the embodiment of Mencius' benevolent government thought in the text;
4. Appreciate the eloquent reasoning art of Mencius' prose.
Teaching emphases and difficulties:
1. Remember the heavy words and special sentence patterns in the text.
2. Learn from Mencius and reason with metaphor.
3. Understanding of Mencius' "Benevolent Politics".
Course arrangement: 2 hours
Teaching steps:
The first class:
Pre-class experience:
1. Introduce new lessons from the Analects of Confucius.
Mencius is a master of Confucianism after Confucius. We often quote Confucius and Mencius, saying that when we were in junior high school, we learned to "get help from the Tao, not for the Tao" and "live in sorrow and die in happiness", all to persuade the monarch to be benevolent. Today, we will study "I am a Man of the Country" and see how Mencius elaborated the specific content of benevolent governance with superb argumentation skills.
2. Students introduce the characteristics of Mencius and Mencius' prose (combined with relevant knowledge in extended materials)
3. Students read the text together, and the teacher corrects the pronunciation.
4. Practice the words in the Century Gold List.
Classroom communication and preliminary understanding of the text;
(Students translate the full text)
First, students read the text by themselves, grasp the main idea of the article and divide the paragraphs independently.
There is also a chapter on My Country in Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang, which is one of the articles that show Mencius' thought of "benevolent government". This paper discusses how to implement "benevolent government" and unify the world with "kingly way".
From the specific paragraphs, the full text can be divided into three parts:
The first part (the first paragraph) writes that Liang is "serving the country faithfully" for himself, but "not many people" raises questions.
In the second part ("Mencius is against Japan" to "I don't expect more people than neighboring countries"), according to Liang's desire to "increase the number of people" through political means, Mencius helped him realize that compared with neighboring countries, he only did some good things in disaster relief, and there was no difference in essence, which naturally made the article transition to the third part.
In the third part (the third to fifth paragraphs), according to Liang's psychology of exploring how to increase the number of people and the monarch's grand wish of "unifying the world" during the Warring States period, Mencius put forward his own thought of "benevolent governance".
Second, clarify the structure of ideas (on the basis of students discussing and clarifying the meaning of paragraphs, the teacher writes on the blackboard)
3. Students try to recite paragraph 1.2 of the text to the blackboard.
Fourth, homework
1. Recite the first and second parts of the text.
2. Summarize the meanings of polysemous words in the text.
Second lesson
Focus on learning classical Chinese knowledge
Summarize the knowledge of classical Chinese characters, words and sentences.
1. Check and recite the first and second parts.
2. Summarize the relevant knowledge of keywords, words and sentences in the text.
(1) Understand and master the key substantive words in the text.
This word is ambiguous: time, ① season. Don't go against the farming season, don't rush into the mountains with time. Opportunity, opportunity (don't lose time)
Wang, a noun with a booming sound, is a king, a king and a prince. (Wang Ruzhi knows this, Wang is not guilty) ② Verb, sound (wàng) is king, unify the world and be king. (But not the king)
Eat, ① verb, eat (grain can't beat grain, 70 people eat meat with clothes and silk) ② noun, grain, food (dogs eat people without knowing it)
Need to master the accumulated notional words:
Hanoi is also fierce (fierce: poor harvest, famine year. )
You can't eat cereal ("cereal" is "the general term for crops and grain")
Don't seize the opportunity ("seize" is "wrong". "Don't seize the opportunity" means "Don't delay the farming season")
(2) Common words
There is no time to waste: "no" means "no"
Those who win white clothes deserve to wear them on the road: "Award" leads to "spots" with gray hair.
I wonder if I'm hungry: "painting" leads to "road"
(3) Flexible use of parts of speech
A. Nouns as verbs
Drums: Drums: Drums.
Trees are mulberry trees: trees: planting.
Fifty people can wear clothes and silk: clothes: put them on
Dogs eat human food without knowing it: the first "food": eating.
However, there is no king: king: king, let the people of the world yield.
The age of Wang innocence: sin: blame, blame.
It is to keep people fit and lose their lives.
B. verbs as nouns
Is to keep people healthy and lose their lives: life and death, living and dead.
C. Adjectives as verbs
I want to teach you the order: I want to do it seriously.
(4) Ancient and modern synonyms
It is to make people keep fit, and they don't regret losing their lives: keep fit; as the old saying goes, support their lives.
Today's meaning: keep fit.
However, it is not Wang: however: ancient meaning: ran, pronoun, like this. However, conjunctions, however.
Modern meaning: turning conjunctions.
Seventy people can wear clothes: yes: ancient meaning: you can rely on it.
Modern meaning: used together to express agreement and approval.
(5) Classical Chinese sentence patterns
True or false:
It's not me, it's me.
Yes, too.
Not me, but a soldier.
Health preservation is the beginning of kingliness.
elliptical sentence
You can be hungry.
Either (walk) a hundred steps and stop, or (walk) fifty steps and stop.
Preposition object sentence
It never happened.
Adverbial postposition sentence
There are more desperate people than neighboring countries.
Apply in the sense of filial piety.
A tree is a mulberry.
What is the difference between stabbing and killing?
The gray-haired old man no longer carries things on the road.
Fixed sentence pattern
Put your ears up ... ears: just ...
Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps: or … or: someone …, someone …
(6) Idioms in this lesson
① pot calling the kettle black: Hou Pan is used to describe shortcomings or mistakes of the same nature, but the plot is good or heavy.
(2) Abandoning armor and dragging troops: describe the appearance of defeat and escape.
(7) Understand and master the common function words in the text.
Ran: ① Pronouns, like this. (Hanoi is fierce, but not Wang)
(2) The appearance of auxiliary words ..... (filling the drum)
3 conjunctions, however, but. (But Zheng Wu, the son also has shortcomings.)
Four adjectives, right. (The Queen Mother said, "Ran". )
Then: conjunction, ① follow, then. (What about the person who moved it to Hedong? )
2 turns, but. When a person dies, he says, "It's not me, it's the years." )
Use: preposition, ① use, take and clarify the meaning of filial piety.
(2) What is the preposition, pot calling the kettle black?
3 prepositions, according to axes, when entering the mountain.
(4) Verb, thinking that the old minister lacks Chang Anjun. (5) However, it is equivalent to the "harmony" of "defending the palace".
summary
As the successor and developer of Confucianism, Mencius inherited and developed Confucius' theory of "benevolence". He advocated that the main point of "benevolent government" was "saving punishment and taxes" to reduce the burden on the people, which showed his political vision of attaching importance to winning the hearts of the people. In winning the hearts of the people, the people-oriented thought is the most fully demonstrated. He put forward the view that "the people are the most important, the country is the second, and the monarch is the light", which is reflected in the lesson "I am also in the country". In his view, if Liang wants to "make more people" and be king among princes, he must implement benevolent policies, and the measure to implement benevolent policies is to "rationally develop production and make more people". At this point, the people live and work in peace and contentment, "CoCo Lee is neither hungry nor cold", Wang Daoke became. In Liang Persuasion, Mencius attaches importance to the relationship between the people and the king, which embodies the people-oriented thought. Although he didn't mention that the people are the most important in this article, it has been clearly shown in his exposition that only a few small merciful disaster relief measures can't make the people succumb. Only by removing tyranny and cool politics can we truly make the people the most important and let the people "have no regrets" in this country. His thought has positive practical significance, but in the era of emphasizing force and conquest, it is far from reality and unrealistic, so it is not adopted.
4. Homework: recite the text and complete the exercise of "Century Gold List".
5. Design of blackboard writing: See "Golden List of the Century"