China has a long history of drinking tea, and the exact time cannot be verified, but there is a general statement about the time. You can also find evidence.
Indeed, the habit of drinking tea in many parts of the world was handed down from China. Therefore, many people think that drinking tea was initiated by China people and is also a drinking habit in other parts of the world.
The habit of growing tea was passed down directly or indirectly from China.
However, some people can find evidence that the habit of drinking tea was invented not only in China, but also in other parts of the world, such as India and Africa.
Continent, etc. 1823, a major of the British invading army discovered wild tea trees in India, so some people began to believe that tea originated in India, at least in India. middle
Of course, there are records of wild tea trees in China, all of which are concentrated in the southwest, and the records also include some areas in Gansu and Hunan. Tea tree is a very old dicotyledonous plant, which is different from human beings.
Children's lives are closely related.
In China, there are also arguments about the earliest origin of tea trees, and there are several opinions. Now many people believe that in Yunnan, a scholar asserted after careful research and textual research that Yunnan
Xishuangbanna is the origin of tea trees. The earliest written records of artificially cultivated tea trees began with Mengshan tea in the Western Han Dynasty. This is recorded in Sichuan Tongzhi.
Actually, for those of us who drink tea, it doesn't matter where we are now. Maybe it has cultural significance. Let's take a look at some academic statements first:
The origin time of tea drinking:
1. Shennong Period: Tang Lu Yu's Tea Classic: "Tea is used for drinking and originated in Shennong." In the history of China's cultural development, everything is often related to agriculture and plants.
The origin of the matter finally comes down to Shennong. After coming back here, you can't push it up any more. Because of this, Shennong became the god of agriculture.
2. Western Zhou Dynasty: Jinchangqu's "Huayang Guozhi Bazhi": "Zhou Wuwang really got the teacher of Bashu, and ... tea honey ... paid tribute." This record shows that in the Zhou Dynasty
During the logging week, Pakistan has paid tribute to tea and other precious products. The Records of Huayang Country also recorded that there were artificially cultivated tea gardens at that time.
3. Qin and Han Dynasties: Western Han Dynasty. Wang Bao's Tongyue: "Make all tea available" and "Wuyang buys tea", that is, the tea after the exam. In recent years, in the tombs of the Western Han Dynasty in Mawangdui, Changsha, it has been found that
"? A "and"? " Textual research on bamboo slips woodcut "?" That is, the variant of "rhyme" shows that tea drinking in Hunan was quite extensive at that time.
We still drink the same drinks as our very old ancestors, such as Jiang Taigong and others, which is really exciting. Can give us a lot of reverie.
Textual research on the origin of tea drinking;
The exploration of this point often focuses on the study of the birthplace of tea trees. There are several sayings about the birthplace of tea trees:
1. Southwest said: "Southwest China is the origin and birthplace of tea trees." This statement refers to a large range, so it is more accurate.
2. Sichuan said: Yanwu's "Rizhilu" in the Qing Dynasty: "After Qin people took Shu, they only had tea." The implication is that before Qin people came to Shu, drinking tea was known in Sichuan today. in fact
Sichuan is in the southwest, and Sichuan says it is established, so the southwest says it is established. Sichuan is more accurate than the southwest, but the right one is more risky.
3. Yunnan said: Xishuangbanna in Yunnan is the birthplace of tea trees, and this area is the kingdom of plants. It is entirely possible to have local tea varieties, but this
There is a "human" risk here, because tea trees can be local, and Chaze is the result of activated labor.
4. East Sichuan and West Hubei said: Luyu Tea Classic: "There are two people embracing each other in Bashan Gorge." Bashan Gorge and Sichuan are now East Sichuan and West Hubei. There are such excellent tea trees in this area. Is anyone here?
I used it as tea, but I didn't see any evidence.
5. Jiangsu and Zhejiang said: Recently, it was suggested that it started from the ancient Yue culture represented by Hemudu culture. Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the most developed areas of tea industry in China. If history can
Taking root here is a very meaningful topic. In fact, I think there must be more than one place where tea trees originated naturally in ancient times. Where there are tea trees, they may not be delivered.
Show the custom of drinking tea. As mentioned earlier, tea was invented by Shennong, so where does it live? If you find the intersection of "tea tree origin" and "Shennong activity place", there may be
The answer, at least narrowed the "scope" of the answer.
Invent the way of drinking tea:
How did humans invent the habit of drinking tea? Or how did tea originate? The study of this problem has always been a "basic problem" of tea science. Because like any tea science,
It is not enough for a scholar or a tea worker to even explain how tea comes from. Now there are many answers to this question:
1. Sacrifice said: This statement holds that tea and other plants were originally used as sacrifices, but later it was found that food was harmless, so "food was used as sacrifices instead of medicine."
Use ",and eventually become a drink.
2. Pharmacology: This view holds that tea "originally entered human society as a medicine." "Shennong Hundred Herbs Classic" wrote: "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs every day and got 72 poisons, so he got tea.
Solve it. "
3. The theory of food: "People in ancient times drank water like grass", "Food is the most important thing for people". Eating first conforms to the evolutionary law of human society.
4. Synchronous said: "At first, tea was used as a chewing food or as a baking food, and later it was gradually eaten as a medicinal material." These methods
Comparison and accumulation will eventually develop into "drinking tea", which is the best way.
The most useless of the above statements is the fourth, which adds up the first three and becomes your own "foolproof" explanation. Maybe this explanation is
The most suitable.
Now, we can think that tea has been recognized and used for a long time in China, as well as the cultivation and harvest of tea trees. But it can also verify that tea is at all levels of society.
Generally, it was only after Lu Yu's Tea Classic was handed down in the Tang Dynasty that it was widely popularized. Therefore, a poem in the Song Dynasty said, "Since Lu Yu was born, the world has learned from each other about spring tea." . In other words, tea wool
After the Ming dynasty, it was unknown to the public for more than 1000 years.
The origin of tea tree:
China is the first country to discover and utilize tea trees, which is called the motherland of tea. Written records show that our ancestors began to cultivate and utilize tea trees more than 3000 years ago.
However, just like the origin of any species, the origin and existence of tea must have been discovered before people discovered and used tea trees, and it was a long time later.
Use. The experience of human beings in using tea has been passed down from generation to generation, gradually expanding from local areas, and it took a long time to be gradually recorded in writing.
The origin of tea trees has always been controversial. With the development of textual research technology and new discoveries, the understanding that China is the origin of tea trees has been gradually reached, and the southwest of China has been confirmed.
The area, including Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, is the center of the origin of tea trees. Due to geological changes and artificial cultivation, tea trees began to spread all over the country and gradually spread to all parts of the world.
(1) Origin and country of origin
When did the tea tree originate? It must have been written more than 3000 years ago. The problem that historians could not prove was finally solved by botanists. They are classified according to plants.
Through a series of analysis and research, it is considered that the origin of tea tree has a history of 60 million to 70 million years.
Tea originated in China and has been recognized by the world since ancient times. Wild tea trees were discovered in India only after 1824. Some foreign scholars think that China is the origin of tea trees.
The difference of origin has caused controversy in international academic circles. These dissidents are all based on Indian wild tea trees and think that there are no wild tea trees in China. Actually, China is in public.
Around 200 yuan, Erya mentioned the existence of wild tea trees. According to the current data, there are 108 wild tea trees in 198 provinces and regions in China, including 1 plant in Yunnan.
The age of trees has reached about 1700 years, and there are more than 10 trees with trunk diameter over one meter in Yunnan Province. In some areas, even wild tea tree communities are as high as thousands of acres. So since ancient times,
The wild tea trees discovered in China are the earliest in the world, with large trees, large numbers, wide distribution and different characters. In addition, after textual research, it was found in the wild in India.
Raw tea trees and tea trees imported from China are both varieties of tea trees in China. It is concluded that China is the origin of tea trees.
In recent decades, the combination of tea science and botanical research has made a more detailed and in-depth analysis of the origin of tea trees from different angles such as tree species, geological changes and climate change.
It is further proved that the southwest of China is the origin of tea trees. In short, the main argument has three aspects:
1. From the natural distribution of tea trees,
At present, there are more than 380 species of Theaceae plants in 23 genera, while there are more than 260 species of 15 genera in China, most of which are distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. find
There are more than 0/00 species of Camellia, and there are more than 60 species in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, among which tea varieties occupy the most important position. From the botanical point of view, the origin centers of many genera are concentrated in a certain area.
It shows that this area is the origin center of this flora. The high concentration of Theaceae and Camellia in southwest China indicates that southwest China belongs to Camellia.
The origin center is the birthplace of tea.
2. From the perspective of geological changes
There are many small landform areas and microclimate areas in the southwest of China, which are different in low latitude and altitude.
At that time, the climate was so different that the tea trees originally grown here slowly separated in different climates of tropical, subtropical and temperate zones, which led to the intraspecific variation and development of tea trees.
It has become a tropical and subtropical tea tree with big leaves and middle leaves, and also a temperate tea tree with middle leaves and small leaves. Botanists believe that the most variation of a species is
The center of species origin. The three southwestern provinces of China are the places with the most variation and abundant resources of tea trees in China, and are the centers of tea tree origin.
3. According to the evolutionary types of tea plants.
In the long history of its systematic development, tea trees always tend to evolve. Therefore, all areas where primitive tea trees are concentrated should be the origin of tea trees. Western China
The wild tea trees in the three southern provinces and their adjacent areas have the morphological and biochemical characteristics of primitive tea trees, which also proves that southwest China is the center of tea tree origin.
Second, the spread of tea.
China is the origin of tea trees. China's contribution to human beings in the tea industry mainly lies in the earliest discovery and utilization of this plant, and its development to China and the East.
Even the whole world.
The tea industry in China first flourished in Bashu, spread to the southeast and spread all over the country. It spread to Japan and Korea in the Tang Dynasty and to the West after16th century.
Enter. Therefore, the spread history of tea can be divided into domestic and foreign routes.
1. The spread of tea in China
Tea tree is a kind of "good wood" in the south of China, so the tea industry in China was first bred, produced and developed in the south.
(1) Bashu is the cradle of China tea industry.
Gu once pointed out that "tea drinking began after Qin people took Shu", that is, tea drinking in China was slowly spread after Qin unified Bashu, that is, China.
The world tea culture was first developed in Bashu. This statement has now been recognized by most scholars.
According to written records and textual research, the production of Bashu tea can be traced back at least to the Warring States period, when Bashu tea area had formed a certain scale and tea was regarded as one of the tributes.
The prominent position of Bashu tea industry in the early history of tea industry in China was not recorded until Wang Bao's Tong Yue when he proclaimed himself emperor in the Western Han Dynasty, including "Boiling all the tea" and "Wuyang buying tea".
Two sentences. The former reflects the surrounding areas of Chengdu. During the Western Han Dynasty, not only tea drinking became the norm, but also special utensils appeared. As can be seen from the last sentence, tea has been commercialized, and the category of "Wuyang" has appeared.
Tea market.
During the Western Han Dynasty, Chengdu not only became the consumption center of tea in China, but also probably formed the earliest tea distribution center according to later literature records. This is not just
Before the Qin Dynasty, Qin and Han Dynasties and even the Western Jin Dynasty, Bashu was still an important tea production and technology center in China.
(2) The middle reaches of the Yangtze River or Central China became the center of tea industry (Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty)
After the Qin and Han Dynasties unified China, with the economic and cultural exchanges in Bashu and other places, the tea industry was strengthened. In particular, the processing and planting of tea first spread to the southeast region. Such as the naming of Chaling in Hunan,
This is very telling. Chaling is a county established in the Western Han Dynasty, which is famous for producing tea. Chaling is close to the border between Jiangxi and Guangdong, which shows that tea production in the Western Han Dynasty has spread to Hunan.
Guangdong and Jiangxi are adjacent areas.
During the Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty, with the development of Jingchu tea industry and the spread of tea culture in the whole country, and because of favorable geographical conditions, tea was written in China in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River or central China.
The status of cultural exchange has gradually replaced Bashu and become obviously important.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Sun Wu occupied parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guangxi, as well as the southeast half of all the land in Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. This area was also our country at that time.
Main fields of tea industry communication and development. At this time, the scale and scope of planting tea trees in the south have been greatly developed, but drinking tea has also spread to the noble families in the north.
The development of tea industry in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the Western Jin Dynasty can also be proved by the Book of Jingzhou in the Western Jin Dynasty. "It is better to have tea in seven counties of Wuling", which shows that the tea industry in Han Jing is bright.
Remarkable development, it seems that Bashu's advantage of winning the national championship no longer exists.
(3) the development of tea industry in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the southeast coast (Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties)
After the Western Jin Dynasty, the northern giants crossed the river and settled abroad, and Jiankang (Nanjing) became the political center of southern China. During this period, due to the prevalence of tea worship in the upper class, South
In particular, tea drinking and tea culture in Jiangdong have made great progress, further promoting the development of tea industry in China to the southeast. During this period, tea was planted in the southeast of China, from the west of Zhejiang to.
Now Wenzhou and Ningbo coastal areas. Not only that, as recorded in Scout, "Xiyang, Wuchang and Jinling all produce good tea". Jinling is Changzhou and its tea is Yixing. Mark the eastern Jin and south
During the dynasty, the tea industry in Yixing in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River became famous.
After the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasty, the trend of the tea industry's center of gravity moving eastward became more obvious.
(4) The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River became the center of tea production and technology in China (Tang Dynasty).
As mentioned earlier, before the Six Dynasties, tea production and drinking in the south had developed to some extent, but there were not many tea drinkers in the north. According to "Chef's Notes", after the middle Tang Dynasty,
Today, in Kansai and Shandong, we all eat it in Yancun. If we don't eat it for a few days, we can't live without tea for a day. The central plains and northwest minority areas are addicted to tea, so tea is produced in the south.
Unprecedented vigorous development. Especially in Jiangnan and Huainan tea areas with convenient transportation in the north, the production of tea is particularly developed.
After the middle Tang Dynasty, the tea production in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River increased greatly, and the tea-making technology reached the highest level at that time. The result of this high water level is a lake.
Zizun bamboo shoots in Guizhou and Yangxian tea in Changzhou became tribute tea. The center of tea production and technology has been officially transferred to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Tea production in Jiangnan is in full swing. At that time, according to historical records, tea was planted everywhere in Qimen, Anhui Province and within a thousand miles of Fiona Fang, and there was no soil in the mountains. Now in the northeast of Jiangxi, Zhejiang
By the Tang Dynasty, the tea industry in Xihe and southern Anhui had really developed greatly. At the same time, because tribute tea is set in Jiangnan, it greatly promotes the improvement of tea-making technology in Jiangnan and also drives the whole
Production and development of tea areas in China.
According to the Tang Dynasty "Tea Classic" and other documents, the tea producing areas in this period were all over Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian,
Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and other provinces 14 have almost reached the same situation as China's modern tea-producing areas.
(5) The focus of tea industry shifted from east to south (Song Dynasty)
From the Five Dynasties to the early Song Dynasty, the national climate changed from warm to cold, which made the tea industry in the south of China develop more rapidly than that in the north, and gradually replaced the tea in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.
Area, became the focus of tea industry in Song Dynasty. It is mainly manifested in the change of tribute tea from ancient bamboo and purple bamboo shoots to Fujian Jian 'an tea, and the tea industry in Minnan and Lingnan areas, where the climate has not yet formed in the Tang Dynasty, is obviously active.
And developed.
The main reason why the center of gravity of tea industry moved south in Song Dynasty was climate change. Due to the temperature drop in early spring in the south of the Yangtze River, the germination of tea trees was delayed, and it was impossible to ensure that the tea was delivered to Kyoto before Qingming. Fujian climate
It's warmer, just like Ouyang Xiu said, "Jian 'an is three thousand miles away, and the capital tastes new tea in March." As tribute tea and Jian 'an tea, it is bound to strive for perfection, and its reputation is getting bigger and bigger, becoming China tea group.
The main technical center of cake tea production has promoted the rise and development of tea areas in southern Fujian and Lingnan. Therefore, by the Song Dynasty, tea had spread all over the country. Tea areas in the Song Dynasty,
It is basically consistent with the scope of modern tea areas. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was only the evolution of tea-making methods and the rise and fall of various teas.
2. The spread of tea abroad
Due to the development of tea production in China and people's drinking fashion, it has also had a great impact on foreign countries. On the one hand, the imperial court set up municipal shipping companies in some coastal ports to manage the sea.
World trade, including tea trade, allows foreign businessmen to buy tea and transport it back to their own land. In Tang Shunzong Yongzhen Garden, the most sincere Japanese Zen master returned from studying Buddhism in China and brought back tea seeds.
Planting in Jinjiang (Shiga County). In August15, when Emperor Emei of Japan visited Fan Shi Temple in Shiga County, the monks offered delicious tea. The emperor was very happy after drinking, so he strongly advocated drinking tea.
Tea is grown on a large scale in Japan. In the Song Dynasty, Japanese Zen master Rong came to China to study Buddhist scriptures. After he returned to China, he not only brought back tea seeds for sowing, but also made them according to the tea drinking method in China temples.
I ordered my own tea ceremony. The book Eating Tea for Health, written in his later years, is called the first tea book in Japan. In the book, tea is called "holy medicine" and "elixir of life", which is of great help to Japan.
The development of social tea drinking fashion has played an important role.
During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the number of foreign trade ports in China increased to 89. At this time, ceramics and tea have become the main export commodities of China. Especially in the Ming Dynasty, the government adopted a positive attitude.
In foreign policy, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West. He traveled all over Southeast Asia and Arabian Peninsula, reaching the east coast of Africa, strengthening economic ties and trade with these areas, and obtaining tea exports.
Substantial growth.
During this period, businessmen from western European countries came to the East one after another, and brought China tea from these areas, which promoted the upper class in their country to drink tea.
In the thirty-fifth year of Ming Shenzong Wanli (1607), Dutch ships came to Macau from Java to sell tea and transshipped it to Europe, which was the earliest record that China tea was directly sold to Europe. In the future, tea
Become the most fashionable drink in the Netherlands. Due to the propaganda and influence of the Dutch, the wind of drinking tea quickly spread to Britain, France and other countries.
163 1 year, an English captain named Victor made a special trip to lead his fleet eastward, and for the first time, he brought a large amount of tea directly from China.
After the Qing Dynasty, the wind of drinking tea gradually spread to some European countries. When tea first spread to Europe, it was expensive, and both the Dutch and the British regarded it as a "tribute" and a luxury.
Later, with the increasing investment in tea, the price gradually declined and became a folk daily drink. Since then, the British have become the biggest tea drinkers in the world.
India is the country with the largest output and export of black broken tea, and its tea varieties originated from China.
Although there are wild tea trees in India, Indians don't know how to grow them or how to drink tea. Only in 1780, the British and Dutch began to import tea seeds from China and grow tea in India. Today, most
Assam, a famous black tea producing area. That is, in 1835, tea seeds were introduced from China to grow tea. Experts from China went to guide the methods of growing and making tea, including the production of small-scale black tea.
Technology. After the invention of tea cutter, black broken tea began to appear and became a global bulk beverage.
By19th century, China's tea was almost all over the world. In 1886, the tea export volume reached 2.68 million tons. The word "tea" in western languages mostly originated from maritime trade at that time.
Pronunciation of "tea" in Xiamen, Fujian and Guangdong dialects. It can be said that China gave the world the name of tea, tea knowledge, tea planting and processing technology, tea from all over the world, directly.
Or indirectly, it is inextricably linked with tea in China. In a word, China is the hometown of tea, and our hardworking and intelligent people have created this delicious drink for the people of the world. It
This is something that our future generations should be proud of.
Third, the development of tea.
With the spread of tea, the production and consumption of tea are almost all over the country and countries and regions on five continents.
China is the hometown of tea, with a large population and a vast territory, so the output and consumption of tea ranks first in the world. China spans six climatic zones, and its geographical area starts from the base of Taiwan Province Province in the east.
Tea can be produced in most areas, including Qiongya in the south coast, Tea Fish Valley in the south of Tibet in the west and Shandong Peninsula in the north. The whole country can be roughly divided into four tea areas, including Jiangnan tea area and Jiangxi tea area.
North tea area, South China tea area, Southwest tea area. The distribution of tea producing areas in China is mainly concentrated in the south of the Yangtze River, with Zhejiang and Hunan producing the most, followed by Sichuan and Anhui. Gansu,
Tibet and Shandong are newly developed tea areas, and the annual output is not too much. In recent years, China's tea garden area has reached more than160,000 mu, with an annual output of about 400,000 tons and an export volume of135,000.
About a few tons. At the same time, with the development of tea production in China, the national tea scientific research institutions and educational institutions have also been greatly developed, and the scientific research and education network has been established and improved.
The quantitative research results have been popularized and applied, and the management level of scientific tea planting, scientific tea making and tea industry has been continuously improved, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of tea production in China.
As tea is welcomed by people all over the world and becomes one of the three major beverages, the world tea industry has developed rapidly. It has been planted in 50 countries on five continents.
Tea, tea-producing areas are mainly concentrated in Asia, and tea production accounts for more than 80% of the world's tea production.
The production and drinking of tea have gone through thousands of years, and people have new requirements for tea. This is because, in social development, once people are interested in clothing,
After meeting the requirements of food, shelter and transportation, we pay special attention to the needs of health care and cultural life. Tea, a natural health drink, will be more and more favored by people.
At the same time, it will attract a large number of consumers to drink because it contains a large number of ingredients that have certain effects on health care and disease prevention. Tea has become an indispensable part of people's lives.
My partner.
Records of important tea events in ancient China;
◆ Primitive society
Legend has it that tea was discovered by human beings in the Shennong era in the 28th century BC. "Shennong Baicaojing" contains "Shennong tasted a hundred herbs, and met with seventy-two poisons every day, and solved it with tea."
Say, when the medicinal use of tea began.
◆ Western Zhou Dynasty
According to the Records of Huayang Country, the tea produced in Bashu area was regarded as a "tribute" treasure at the time of Zhou Wuwang's logging in about 1000 BC, which is the earliest record of tea as a tribute.
◆ Eastern Zhou Dynasty
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ying Heshi (547 BC-490 years before the park) "ate rice without millet, baked three eggs and five eggs, and made tea." It means that tea has been given to people as soup.
Use. (According to "Yanzi Chunqiu")
◆ Western Han Dynasty (206-24 BC)
In 59 BC, it was recorded that "making tea has everything" and "Wuyang buys tea", indicating that tea has appeared as a commodity in Sichuan, which is the earliest tea trade record.
Tongyue
◆ Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220)
Hua Tuo, a medical scientist in the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, put forward the view that "bitter tea can be served well for a long time" in his Treatise on Food, which is the first account of the pharmacological effects of tea.
◆ Three Kingdoms (Park 220 265)
The history book "The History of the Three Kingdoms" records that Sun Hao (a descendant of Sun Quan), the monarch of the State of Wu, replaced wine with tea, which is the earliest record of "replacing wine with tea".
Sui (AD 58 1-6 18)
Tea drinking gradually became popular, and Emperor Wendi of Sui fell ill. I met a layman and asked him to cook tea and grass, which really worked. So people competed to take it, and gradually evolved from medicinal to social drinks.
But mainly in the upper classes of society.
◆ Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907)
The Tang Dynasty witnessed the expansion and popularization of tea as a beverage, from the upper class of society to the whole people.
In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong's reign (AD 770), he began to build a tribute tea garden in Guzhu Mountain (now Changxing, Zhejiang Province). Every year before Tomb-Sweeping Day, he mobilized the people to make cakes and teas of "ancient bamboo and purple bamboo shoots" to pay tribute to the court.
In the first year of Jianzhong in Tang Dezong (AD 780), Zhao Zan proposed to levy a tea tax.
After the 8th century AD, Lu Yu's Tea Classic came out.
In the year of Yongzhenyuan in Tang Shunzong (AD 805), the most sincere Japanese monk returned to China with tea seeds and tea trees from China. This is the earliest record of tea being introduced into Japan.
A special tea set appeared in 15 (AD 874) in Xian Tong, Tang Yizong.
◆ Song Dynasty (960- 1279)
During the reign of Song Taizong Taiping Xingguo (AD 976), a palace was built in Jian 'an (now Jian 'ou, Fujian) to make Beiyuan tribute tea. Since then, tea of Longfeng Group has developed greatly.
In the first year of Daguan (A.D. 1 107), Evonne, Song Huizong, wrote the book Camellia Daguan, which advocated tea science and promoted tea culture with the respect of emperors.
◆ Ming (A.D. 1368- 1644)
Ming Taizu Hongwu six years (AD 1373), set up a tea company, specializing in tea trade.
In the 24th year of Zhu Yuanzhang and Hongwu (A.D. 139 1), in September, the imperial edict abolished group tea and promoted leaf tea. Since then, tribute tea has changed from cake tea to bud tea (loose leaf tea) and fried green leaf tea.
It has played a positive role in development.
16 10, the Dutch sold tea from Macao and shipped it to Europe. 19 16, China tea was shipped to Denmark. 16 18, the imperial court sent an imperial envoy to Russia and offered tea to the Russian emperor.
◆ Qing dynasty (a.d.1644-1911year)
China tea was sold in French market from 65438 to 0657.
In the eighth year of Kangxi (1669), the Indian Oriental Company began to transport China tea directly from Fan Dan to Britain.
In the 28th year of Kangxi (1689), Xiamen, Fujian Province exported 150 tons of tea, which initiated the direct sale of tea from the mainland of China to the British market.
1690 China tea is licensed for sale in Boston, USA. In Guangxu 3 1 (1905), China organized a tea delegation to visit India and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) for the first time.
Investigate the tea production system, purchase some tea machinery, and publicize the tea machinery production technology and methods.
From 65438 to 0896, Fuzhou established the mechanical tea company, which was the earliest mechanical tea industry in China.
Fourth, the history of drinking tea
China has the earliest history of drinking tea. Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" said: "Tea is a drink, which originated from Shennong and was heard in Duke Zhou of Lu". As early as Shennong period, tea and its medicinal value have been discovered and made by people.
Medicine has gradually evolved into a daily drink. China has always been very particular about tea selection, water use, utensils, condiments, tea making, tea serving and tasting methods, and has gradually formed a lot of richness.
Tea-drinking customs and tea-tasting skills with picking and elegance as rewards. This paper aims to briefly describe the development and evolution of tea drinking methods and customs, which can be roughly divided into several stages:
Before the Spring and Autumn Period, tea was initially valued as a medicine. Ancient humans directly chewed fresh tea and drank tea juice, which made the tea fragrant, clear and astringent for a long time.
In a word, chewing tea has become a hobby. This stage can be said to be a prelude to drinking tea.
With the evolution of human life, the habit of eating raw tea has become fried tea. That is, after fresh leaves are washed, they are put into a clay pot and boiled with water, and the soup and leaves are taken together. Boiled tea is bitter.
It has astringent taste, but it is rich in flavor, and its taste and efficacy are better than those of several tablets. After a long time, I naturally developed the habit of cooking and drinking, which is the beginning of tea as a drink.
However, the development of tea from medicine to daily drink, as an intermediate transition, has gone through the edible stage. That is, tea is used as a dish and soup is used for cooking. After the tea leaves are cooked, they should be mixed with food to eat.
The purpose of using tea at this time is to increase nutrition and detoxify as food. "Yanzi Chunqiu" records that "Yanzi and Gong Jing fell in love, eating rice without millet, and baking three eggs and five eggs with tea"; and
The word "bitter tea" in Erya notes that "leaves can be baked into soup to drink"; In Lu Tongjun and other ancient books, it is recorded that tea is cooked with cinnamon and some spices. At this time, tea was used.
The method took a step forward, adopting the cooking technology at that time and paying attention to the seasoning of tea soup.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, simple tea processing began to appear. Fresh leaves are pounded into cake-shaped tea balls with wooden sticks, and then dried or preserved in the sun. When drinking, mash the tea balls and put them in a pot.
Add boiling water and season with onion, ginger and orange. At this time, tea is not only a detoxification drug in daily life, but also a food for guests. In addition, because Qin unified Bashu (which spread earlier in China).
Tea drinking area) has promoted the eastward expansion of tea drinking knowledge and customs. In the Western Han Dynasty, tea was an elegant pastime for the court and official families. In Wang Bao's "The Covenant of Children", "Five Sheep Buy Tea"
Record. During the Three Kingdoms period, the trend of worshipping tea further developed, and people began to pay attention to the cooking methods of tea. At this time, the custom of "taking tea as wine" appeared (see the reflection of the three kingdoms). Wuzhi), indicating that Central China is located.
At that time, drinking tea was more common in this area. In the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, tea gradually became a common drink from the initial precious luxury.
During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, tea was mostly processed into cake tea. Add seasoning to cook soup when drinking. With the prosperity of tea, the appearance of tribute tea accelerated the development of tea planting and processing technology.
There are many famous teas now, and the drinking methods have been greatly improved. Especially in the Tang Dynasty, drinking tea became a common practice and the way of drinking tea made great progress. At this point, in order to improve the bitter taste of tea, start
Add mint, salt and red dates to taste. In addition, special tea-making equipment was used, and tea monographs appeared. Lu Yu's "Tea Classic" is three articles. I am going to talk about tea and talk about the cooking of tea drinks in more detail.
Discussion on ... At this time, more and more attention was paid to the choice of tea and water, cooking methods, tea drinking environment and tea quality, and the tea ceremony was gradually formed.