Confucius said: I don't want to be happy in Sri Lanka.
Mencius said: Benevolence is not as deep as benevolence.
Mozart said: Music should never be unpleasant, but beautiful, pleasant and comfortable, so that music can last forever.
Beethoven said: Music is more enlightening than philosophy.
As a tool of natural therapy and health preservation, music has attracted more and more attention for its unique and magical effects. Music can regulate human biological rhythm, which has not been proved by modern biomedicine. Moreover, there was a saying of "musicians and heaven and earth" in ancient times. The sound of music also ","can connect heaven and earth, connect gods. " Said.
Music is a concept that is difficult to describe in words. Before the 20th century, some people wrote hundreds of comments on music word for word, although many celebrities put forward many attractive understandings: music is the eyes of the ears; Music is a mysterious and subconscious mathematical problem of human soul; Music is the only harmless sensory enjoyment; Music is the universal language of human beings; Music is the art of thinking with sound; Music is the mathematics of sound, just as light is the geometry of light; Music can be regarded as a balanced system of mental impulses and so on. But Emerson's "I hate quotations" turned these concepts into boring explanations.
The phonology of Ci Hai (version 1997) refers to the sound of music. "Rites and Music": "The sound is corresponding, so it changes; Become a party, that is, voice. " Music is interpreted as an art, which expresses people's thoughts and feelings and reflects social real life through the artistic image formed by organized music. Music originated from labor, and as a social ideology, it has a wide range of social influences. Music is the art of performance. Only by singing and playing can the audience feel it and produce artistic effects. Although the definition of music is still controversial, the basic means of expression of music are melody and rhythm, and the important related means of expression are harmony, polyphony and orchestra. When using organized music to express people's thoughts and feelings and reflect real life, it can be divided into vocal music and instrumental music. According to genre and form, it can also be divided into songs, choruses, symphonies, bamboo slips, percussion, rap and other music. Music is often combined with poetry, drama and dance to become a comprehensive art such as opera, ballet and traditional opera.
The most traditional way of music transmission is to listen to musicians on the spot. With the progress of science and technology, live music has also been spread by radio and television, and can also be spread conveniently through music carriers such as records, tapes, digital CDs and video DVDs. With the development trend of MIDI technology and related software, music production, which used to be done only in the recording studio, can also be made by music lovers themselves in less strict ways such as singing, playing musical instruments or composing music. It is reported that deaf people can also experience music by feeling the vibration of their own bodies.
Music is the art of hearing. Sound is the propagation of mechanical vibration waves, and listening is the result that people perceive the eardrum as a sensor to transmit sound waves to brain sound processing neurons. As the vibration of sound source, the number of mechanical wave vibrations per second is called frequency. In memory of German physicist heinrich rudolf hertz's contribution to physics, his name is used as the unit of frequency. 1 Hz, abbreviated as Hz, refers to the number of periodic changes per second.
Sound waves with vibration frequency between 20 and 20000 Hz can be heard by human ears, which is called audible sound; The vibration frequency below 20 Hz is called infrasound; Above 20000 Hz is called ultrasound. Different people, because of different ear functions, can hear the sound frequency range will be different. People's hearing ability decreases with age. Ordinary elderly people can only hear sound waves of 50~ 12000 Hz.
There are two kinds of audible sounds: music and noise. The vibration of the tone generator is regular and has a precise height. Music can give people pleasant hearing and make people enjoy the joy of music, such as piano, violin and erhu. Musical tone is the most important and basic material in music, and melody and harmony in music are composed of musical tone. The orderly arrangement of various musical sounds played by different instruments will produce a beautiful collection of musical sounds and form a melody for appreciation. From the acoustic point of view, music has three main characteristics: one is loudness, that is, the usual sound size and strength; The second is tone, which is usually called thickness. For example, men and women are distinguished by tone; The third is timbre, which is what people often say. The human ear can distinguish that the same musical melody is played by different instruments according to the timbre. Loudness, tone and timbre are called the three elements of musical sound.
The vibration of the noise generator is irregular and chaotic, and the sound emitted does not have a certain height. Noise can give people a harsh feeling and make people unbearable. In particular, percussion sounds are not noise, but a special kind of music.
The sum of notes with fixed pitch used in musicology is called musical sound system. The whole music system has about 97 tones, ranging from the lowest tone (about 16 vibrations per second) to the highest tone (4 186 vibrations per second). Tones in a music system are arranged in ascending order (from low to high) or descending order (from high to low). This arrangement is called a musical sequence. On the piano, you can clearly see the notes and sequences used in the music system. The piano is an instrument with the widest range. It has 88 keys and can play 88 notes. In other words, sounds other than these 88 tones are rarely used in music.
The sound wave frequency of human singing is about 60 Hz (bass) to 2500 Hz (soprano). The piano has a lowest pitch of 27.5 Hz and a highest pitch of 4086 Hz. The international standard sound is small A, and the vibration frequency of the sound source is 440 Hz.
It is impossible to find out when music began to exist in human society. Before language came into being, human beings already knew how to express their meaning and feelings by using the level and strength of sound. With the development of human labor, the chant of unifying labor rhythm and the cry of transmitting information to each other have gradually appeared, which is the most primitive prototype of music. When people celebrate the harvest and share the fruits of labor, they often beat stone tools and wood to express their joy and joy. This is the embryonic form of the original musical instrument.
Mercury is the messenger of the gods in Greek mythology. It is said that when he was walking along the Nile, his feet touched something and made a wonderful sound. When he picked it up, he found it was an empty turtle shell with a dry rib inside. Mercury was inspired to invent stringed instruments. Although later generations had stringed instruments before Mercury, they may have been inspired by it.
The ancient history of China recorded the era of the Yellow Emperor five thousand years ago. A musician named Ling Lun went to Kunhua Mountain in the west to collect bamboo to make a flute. At that time, there happened to be five phoenixes flying in the air, and he was in tune with the law. Although this story cannot be completely believed, it is also a mysterious legend about the origin of wind instruments.
The Yellow Emperor was the monarch who created calendars and characters five thousand years ago. At that time, in addition to Ling Lun mentioned above, there was also a musician named Fuxi. He played a piano with 50 strings. Because the timbre was too sad, the Yellow Emperor cut it in half and changed it to 25 strings. In the legend of the imperial era, there was also a musician named Shennong, who taught people to farm, discovered herbs and created banjo, which may be the origin of China's pentatonic scale.