Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: it will lead to the weakening or disappearance of limb sensation, which will weaken the foot's feeling of pressure, foreign body or cold and heat, so it is easy to cause trauma, scald and ulcer. If the motor nerve is damaged, it can affect the muscles of the foot, make the muscles atrophy, and lead to foot deformity; Impaired autonomic nervous function leads to decreased sweat secretion function of skin, which makes skin dry and easily induces bacterial infection.
Diabetic angiopathy: it can lead to the decrease of blood flow in lower limbs, make the feet lack oxygen and lack of nutrition supply, so the skin temperature of lower limbs decreases, causing pain, intermittent claudication and ischemia, and even lead to ulcers and gangrene in severe cases.
1. Diabetic foot is a pathological change of diabetic foot, which often involves many factors such as microvessels, nerves, muscles and bones. The treatment of diabetic foot is comprehensive treatment, including the following aspects:
1. Control metabolic abnormalities: comprehensively control blood lipid, blood pressure, blood sugar and body weight, and suggest using insulin to control blood sugar;
2. Control macrovascular diseases: vascular obstruction can lead to diabetic foot, which can be treated with drugs in light cases, and interventional therapy or even stent dredging in severe cases;
3. Treatment of microvascular lesions: drugs or other treatments that are beneficial to vasodilation can be used;
4. Local wound treatment: including dressing change, debridement, use of antibiotics, continuous negative pressure wound treatment, skin growth treatment of vascular wounds, etc.
5. Control of systemic factors: Diabetic foot is often accompanied by other systemic discomfort, such as renal insufficiency, cardiovascular diseases and other high-risk factors, which need to be controlled at the same time.
2. Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which is caused by insufficient or lack of insulin secretion caused by various factors. At present, the cause of diabetes is not very clear, and it is believed that diabetes has a great relationship with genetic factors. Diabetes occurs in families, and many patients have a family history of diabetes. The typical symptoms of diabetic patients are three more and one less, that is, drinking more, urinating more, eating more and losing weight. However, some patients may have no obvious clinical symptoms for a long time, and they are only diagnosed when blood sugar is occasionally increased during physical examination or complications occur.
In addition, diabetes is also closely related to environmental factors. If some patients often eat foods with high fat and cholesterol content, do not pay attention to diet control and lack physical exercise, it will lead to obesity, which may lead to diabetes. Diabetes is also closely related to abnormal immune system. Patients infected with rubella virus or mumps virus may cause autoimmune reaction, thus destroying islet β cells, which may lead to insufficient insulin secretion and diabetes.