Liu Bang is one of the great pioneers of Han culture, and an outstanding politician, strategist and conductor in the history of China. The following is the story of Liu Bang, a famous historical figure, which I compiled for you, for reference only. Welcome to reading.

Liu bang was born in a peasant family, and he was open-minded and did not care about production. Qin was then the curator of Surabaya Pavilion in Pei County, and died in Mangdang Mountain for releasing criminals.

Shortly after the Chen Sheng Uprising, Liu Bang rallied 3,000 children to respond to the Uprising, captured Peixian and other places, called Pei Gong, and soon defected to Xiang Liang, where he served as the prefect of the Party and County, sealed the Hou of Wu 'an, and commanded the military forces of the Party and County.

In 206 BC 10, Liu Bangjun entered Pakistan, and Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered to Liu Bang. The Qin Dynasty perished.

Liu bang abolished Qin's harsh laws and made three chapters with Guanzhong elders. After the Hongmen banquet, it was named Hanwang, ruling Bashu and Hanzhong areas. In the early period of Chu-Han War, there were many defeats and wars. However, he knew people well, paid attention to training, gave full play to the talents of his subordinates, paid attention to uniting forces against Xiang Yu, and finally turned defeat into victory.

After defeating Xiang Yu, he unified the whole country. On February 28, 202 BC, Liu Bang ascended the throne in the flood sun, making Chang 'an his capital, which was called the Western Han Dynasty in history.

After he acceded to the throne, he wiped out Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu, Zangcha and other governors with different surnames, and divided the land into nine governors with the same surname.

On the other hand, the establishment of rules and regulations, the adoption of a relaxed rest policy to govern the world, the demobilization of soldiers to return home, the exemption of corvee, the emphasis on agriculture and the suppression of business, the restoration of broken social economy, and the stability of feudal rule order. It not only appeased the people, but also contributed to the rich cultural foundation of the Han Dynasty.

Adopt the pro-Xiongnu policy, open the market with Xiongnu, and ease the relationship between the two sides.

In BC 195, Liu Bang was shot by a flowing arrow because of his crusade against Ying Bu rebellion. Later, he became seriously ill and collapsed in the same year. His temple names are Taizu and posthumous title Gao. Mao Zedong commented that Liu Bang was "the most powerful feudal emperor".

Cheat daughter-in-law

Lv Gong, a single father (now Shanxian County, Shandong Province), settled in Peixian County because he was a good friend with Peiling. When I first arrived in Pei, many people heard about his relationship with the county magistrate, so someone came to visit, pull a lesbian relationship and make friends.

Liu bang heard about it and went to join in the fun. Xiao He, then the main book of Pei County, presided over the reception. He announced a rule: anyone who receives a gift of less than 1000 yuan will sit at the bottom of the hall.

Liu bang doesn't care about this at all. Although he didn't have any money with him, he said to the person in charge of delivering the letter, "I'll give you 10 thousand yuan for congratulations!" " Hearing this, Lv Gong hurried out to meet him personally. "。

As soon as I saw Liu Bang's majestic posture and unusual appearance, I liked it very much. Please sit down at the table.

Lv Gong is a mind reader. When he saw Gao Zu's face, he respected him very much.

Xiao He said: "Liu Ji always talks big and rarely achieves anything."

Liu bang took the opportunity to tease the guests and simply sat at the top of the table, without any humility.

I had a good time drinking, so Lv Gong winked at Gaozu and asked him to stay. Gaozu finished drinking and stayed.

Lv Gong said: "I like face-to-face interviews since I was a child. Many people have been interviewed face to face by me. No one can match your face. I hope you cherish yourself. I have a wife and I am willing to sweep the floor for you. "

After the banquet broke up, Ai Lu was very angry with Lv Gong and said, "You always wanted this daughter to get ahead at the beginning and betrothed her to a noble. Pei Ling is close to you, and you don't agree to marry this daughter. Why did you just give her to Liu Ji today? "

Lv Gong said: "This is not what women know."

I finally married my daughter to Liu Ji. Lv Gong's daughter is Lv Hou.

Hongmen Banquet-A banquet with ulterior motives

In 206 BC, Liu Bang, who was Pei Gong at that time, led the rebel army into Hanguguan and Guanzhong area. Zi Ying, king of Qin, surrendered to Liu Bang.

After Liu Bang entered the customs, he made a pact with Qin Min and sent someone to Hangu Pass to stop Xiang Yu from entering the customs. At that time, Xiang Yu had just won the battle of Julu, wiped out the main force of Qin Jun, and was heading for Guanzhong.

Xiang Yu arrived at Hangu Pass and learned that Liu Bang had captured Guanzhong. In a rage, he captured the pass and advanced to Shuixi.

Liu bang was stationed in the army, but he never saw Xiang Yu. Cao Wushang, who was in charge of military and political affairs in Liu Bang's army, sent someone to see Xiang Yu, saying, "Liu Bang wants to be king in Guanzhong and let Zi Ying be prime minister. All the treasures are owned by Liu Bang. "

Xiang Yu was furious and said, "Reward the soldiers tomorrow and defeat Liu Bang's army for me!" At that time, Xiang Yu's 400,000 troops were stationed in Xinfeng Hongmen; Liu bang's army is 654.38+ 10,000, which is stationed on the tyrant.

Fan Zeng advised Xiang Yu: "When Pei Gong was in the east of Lushan Mountain, he was greedy for money and lustful, and loved beautiful women. Now that he has entered the customs, he doesn't plunder property or have a crush on women, which shows that he is ambitious. I asked people to see his luck there, all in the shape of dragons and tigers and colorful. This is the fate of the son of heaven! Fast break, don't lose the opportunity. "

Xiang Bo, Zuo Yin of Chu Jun, is Xiang Yu's uncle and has always had a friendly relationship with Sean of Liu Hou. Sean is following Liu Bang at this moment. Xiang Bo rode to Liu Bang's military camp overnight, met Sean privately, told him in detail, and wanted to ask Sean to go with him, saying, "Don't die with them."

Sean said, "I escorted Pei Gong for korean king. Now Pei Gong is in a critical situation, and running away is a breach of promise. I must tell him. " "So Sean went in and told Liu Bang in detail.

Liu Bang was frightened and said, "What should I do about this?" Sean said, "Who gave the king this plan?" Liu Bang said: "A humble and ignorant villain advised me to say,' Hold the Hangu Pass and don't let the princes in. The land of Qin can be occupied and become a king. So I listened to him. "

Sean said, "Is the king's army comparable to Wang Xiang?" Liu Bang was silent for a while and said, "Of course not. What's the use? "

Sean said, "Please tell Xiang Bo personally that Pei Gong dare not betray Wang Xiang."

Liu Bang said, "How do you have friendship with Xiang Bo?"

Sean said: "In the Qin Dynasty, he interacted with me, and Xiang Bo killed someone, so I left him alive;" It's urgent now, so he came to tell me. "

Liu Bang said, "Who is older than you and who is younger than you?"

Sean said, "Bigger than me."

Liu Bang said, "Please invite him in for me. I treat him like a brother."

Sean went out and invited Xiang Bo. Xiang Bo went in to see Liu Bang. Liu Bang proposed a toast to Xiang Bo, and made an appointment with Xiang Bo to marry his children's in-laws. He said, "When I entered Guanzhong, I didn't dare to take anything for myself. I registered the officials and people, closed the warehouse and waited for the arrival of the general. The reason why we want to send generals to guard Hangu Pass is to guard against the entry of other thieves and unexpected changes. I look forward to the general's arrival day and night. How dare I resist? I hope you can tell Wang Xiang that I dare not betray Ender. "

Xiang Bo agreed and told Liu Bang, "Tomorrow morning, I must personally apologize to Wang Xiang."

Liu Bang said, "Good."

So Xiang Bo left overnight, returned to the barracks, reported Liu Bang's words to Xiang Yu, and took the opportunity to say, "How dare you come in before Pei Gong broke through Guanzhong first? Since people have made great contributions, attacking them is treachery. It is better to treat him well. " Xiang Yu agreed.

The next morning, Liu Bang asked more than 100 men to follow him to see Xiang Yu. When he arrived in Hong Men, he apologized to Xiang Yu and said, "The general and I joined forces to attack the State of Qin. The general fought in the north of the Yellow River, and I fought in the south of the Yellow River. I didn't expect to enter the customs first and destroy the Qin Dynasty, and I saw the general here again. Now there are villains who make rumors and misunderstand you and me. "

Xiang Yu said, "This is what Sa Ji Ma Cao Wushang of Pei Gong said. If not, how can I be so angry? "

Xiang Yu left Liu Bang to drink with him that day. Xiang Yu and Xiang Bo sit facing east, while their father sits facing south, and his father is Fan Zeng. Liu Bang sat facing north, while Sean sat facing west. Fan Zeng repeatedly made eyes at Xiang Yu, repeatedly raising the jade Jue he was wearing to hint at Xiang Yu, but Xiang Yu was silent and unresponsive.

Fan Zeng got up and went out to call Xiang Zhuang, saying, "Your Majesty is kind to others. You go in and toast him. After the toast, you asked for a sword dance and took the opportunity to kill Pei Gong in his seat. Otherwise, you are all captured by him! "

Xiangzhuang went in to propose a toast. After drinking, he said, "Your Majesty and Pei Gong are drinking. There is nothing in the barracks that can be used for entertainment. Please let me dance the sword. "

Xiang Yu said, "Good."

Xiang Zhuang drew his sword and Xiang Bo drew his sword and danced, often covering Liu Bang with open arms like a bird spreading its wings. Xiang Zhuang can't assassinate Pei Gong.

So Sean went to the gate of the military camp to find Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai asked, "How was it today?"

Sean said: "This is crucial! Now Xiangzhuang is dancing the sword, and his intention is always on Pei Gong! "

Fan Kuai said: "This is too critical. Please let me in and die with him. "

So Fan Kuai rushed into the military gate with a sword and shield. Guards carrying halberds through the gate tried to stop him from entering. Fan Kuai slammed the shield sideways, and the guards fell to the ground. Fan Kuai went in, lifted the curtain, faced the West Railway Station, and stared at Xiang Yu. His hair stood on end and his eyes were cracked.

Xiang Yu stood up with a sword in his hand and asked, "What do guests do?"

Sean said: "Pei Gong participated in Fan Kuai."

Xiang Yu said, "Brave men! Give him a glass of wine. " Left and right handed him a large glass of wine, Fan Kuai thank humbly, stood up and drank the wine.

Xiang Yu added, "Give him a pig's front leg."

Left and right gave him an immature pig's front leg. Fan Kuai buckled the shield on the ground, put the pig's leg (on the shield), drew his sword, and cut it to eat.

Xiang Yu said, "Brave men! Can you still drink? "

Fan Kuai said, "I'm not afraid of death. What can I say no to a glass of wine? The king of Qin has the heart of a tiger and a wolf. He was afraid that he couldn't kill all the people and kept torturing them, so everyone rose up against him. Chu Huaiwang made an agreement with the generals:' The first person who defeated Qin Jun and entered Xianyang was named the king of Guanzhong.' Now Pei Gong first defeated Qin Jun and entered Xianyang. He dared not use anything, closed the palace, and the army retreated to the overlord, waiting for the arrival of the king. The reason why the general was specially assigned to guard Hangu Pass was to guard against the entry of other thieves and unexpected changes. Instead of being rewarded by the Marquis, he listened to the slanderers of the villains and wanted to kill those who made meritorious deeds. This is just a continuation of the dead Qin. Personally, I think it is good for your majesty not to take this approach. "

Xiang Yu was speechless and said, "Sit down." Fan Kuai sat down next to Sean. After sitting for a while, Liu Bang got up and called Fan Kuai out on the grounds of going to the toilet.

After Liu Bang went out, Xiang Yu sent a man named Chen Ping to call Liu Bang. Liu Bang said, "I'm out now, but I haven't left yet. What should I do? "

Fan Kuai said: "You don't have to worry about details when you do great things, and you don't have to shy away from small responsibilities when you talk about big gifts. People nowadays are like kitchen knives and chopping boards, and we are like fish and meat. What else should we say goodbye to? "

So I decided to leave. Liu asked Sean to stay and apologize.

Sean asked, "What did the king bring when he came?"

Liu bang said: "I brought a pair of jade jade, which I want to dedicate to Xiang Yu;" A pair of jade barrels, which I want to give to Yafu. He was too angry to offer it himself. Please provide them for me. "

Sean said, "Very good." At this time, Xiang Yu's army was stationed in Hong Men, and Liu Bang's army was stationed in Pakistan, 40 miles apart. Liu Bang left the vehicle and his entourage, rode away alone, and fled on foot with Fan Kuai, Jin Qiang and Ji Xin, holding swords and shields, taking Zhiyang Road at the foot of Li Mountain.

Liu Bang said to Sean, "It's only 20 miles from this road to our barracks. It is estimated that when I return to the military camp, you will go in. "

After Liu bang left, he returned to the barracks from the path. Sean went in and said goodbye, "Liu Bangduo can't afford to drink, so he can't leave face to face. Let me present a pair of white jade and worship it as king; A pair of jade buckets, two worships, dedicated to the general. "

Xiang Yu asked, "Where is Pei Gong?"

Sean said: "I heard that the king deliberately blamed him, ran away, left alone and returned to the barracks."

Xiang Yu took the jade and put it on the seat. Father Ya took the jade bucket, put it on the ground, pulled out his sword and smashed it, saying, "Alas! Xiang Yu: This boy is not worth pursuing with him! Liu Bang must be the one who won the title of Xiang Wang. We are all going to be captured by him! "

Liu bang returned to the army and immediately killed Cao.

Fan Zeng's prediction came true a few years later: Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought a large-scale war in the next four years (known as the Chu-Han War in history). Finally, Xiang Yu was defeated and died in Wujiang River. Liu Bang founded the Han Dynasty for Emperor Gaozu.

Political measures

Make good use of talents

After the unification of China and the establishment of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang ruled the world with civility, recruited Confucian scholars, issued imperial edicts to the world, and extensively sought talents. In June of the same year, Liu Bang held a celebration banquet in Nangong, Luoyang. At the banquet, he summed up the reasons for his victory: "In strategic planning, I am not as good as Sean; On the supply of food and grass to comfort the people, I am not as good as Xiao He; I'm not as good as Han Xin, who led a million troops and won a decisive battle on the battlefield. However, I can make good use of people and give full play to their talents, which is the real reason for our victory. As for Xiang Yu, Fan Zeng was the only available person, but he was suspicious, which was also the reason for his final failure.

Legal thought

Liu Bang gave priority to Confucianism, supplemented by legalism, abolished the practice of "heavy punishment" in Qin Dynasty, abolished the tongzhi law and the three foreign families, and put forward "taking morality as the main punishment". That is to say, education should be given priority, supplemented by punishment, so as to achieve the effect of combining leniency with severity and Song Yan's rule.

Develop economy

Liu Bang attacked Xianyang and immediately abolished the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty. Make a pact with the people in three chapters, seal up the state treasury, and win the hearts of the people without harming the people.

Liu bang exempted his corvee to reduce the burden on the people, such as reducing rent, paying five taxes and one tax, "sharing interest with the people" and releasing handmaiden. Anyone who sells himself as a handmaiden because of hunger is not allowed to be a Shu Ren, liberates the productive forces, dismisses soldiers, returns home on credit, and gives them land and housing so that they can engage in productive labor and quickly restore and improve the national economy.

We will continue to implement the system of dividing fields and houses according to military achievements in the Qin dynasty, stipulating that businessmen are not allowed to travel by car and increase taxes. So as to restore the broken social economy and stabilize the feudal ruling order.

At the same time, encourage childbearing and expand the labor force. At the same time, vigorously develop agriculture and curb the attack on mercenary businessmen and residual slave owners.

Liu Bang also accepted Lou Jing's strong and weak suggestions, and moved 65438+ Wan Qiang heroes from the six Kanto countries to settle in Guanzhong. Liu Bang enabled the people to live, unite and consolidate the country.

Pay attention to culture

The Han Dynasty initiated by Liu Bang laid the main culture of ancient China society, that is, the cultural system under the influence of Confucianism. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the introduction of Indian Buddhism had an impact on Confucian culture.

Worship the emperor.

After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor, he boasted to his father, Liu Taigong, when he hosted a banquet for his ministers: "You used to say that I was a rogue, and there was no way to make money by living, and no second brother could manage my family. Now that I am an emperor, do you think my second brother has more wealth or mine? "

Liu Bang lives with his father Liu Taigong and visits him every five days. Taigong thinks nothing, and he is used to it. However, Taigong's subordinates felt that it was inappropriate, so they advised him to say, "As the saying goes, heaven has no two masters, and earth has no two masters. Today, the emperor is your son, but he is also the master. Although you are his father, you are also his minister. It is impolite for his master to see your minister. Besides, this will not show the majesty of the emperor. "

When Liu Bang saw his father again, Taigong went out to meet him with a broom in advance, and then went back to the house without a chance to salute Liu Bang. Liu bang was surprised and jumped out of the car to help his father. Taigong quickly said, "The emperor is the master. I can't destroy the etiquette of the country because of myself." Liu Bang wrote a letter, honoring Taigong as the emperor's father, killing two birds with one stone, which not only showed the dignity of the emperor, but also made it logical for him to visit his father.

Construction Xinfeng

According to the Jin dynasty notes "Xijing Miscellanies", Liu Taigong lived in the palace for a long time and was unhappy all day. Liu bang was not at ease, and asked the emperor's father in private. The squire replied, "When Emperor Tai Shang lived in Fengyi City, his hometown, he liked playing football, fighting cocks and drinking every day. No one can accompany the emperor, so he is not happy. " So Liu Bang built a new Fengcheng for his father near the palace, and moved some relatives and neighbors in Fengxian to live there. The layout of streets and lanes in Xinfeng City is exactly the same as that in Fengyi City, my hometown. Even the neighbors, old and young, can recognize their respective residences.

Suffered many injuries.

Since the uprising, Liu Bang has been on the front line for a long time, so he has been injured many times. As we all know, Xiang Yu was shot in the chest by an ambush crossbow, and was shot again when he conquered Ying Bu in the last year.

Sima Zhen quoted "Three Auxiliary Stories" in Historical Records in the Tang Dynasty, which recorded that Liu Bang had been engaged in a tug-of-war with Xiang Yu for many years in the Chu-Han dispute, and was seriously injured 12 times, four of which were injured by arrows and stones.

Love cuju

"Miscellanies of Xijing" records that Liu Bang and his son often played chicken and cuju games with butchers in Fengyi. After living in Chang 'an, Liu Taigong was unhappy because he missed the sports meeting with friends from his old country, so Liu Bang built a new Fengcheng to honor his father and introduced Cuju to the palace. Since then, Cuju has entered the elegant hall from street entertainment, and really stepped onto the historical stage from a street game. It is manifested in the "village customs" in Han Dynasty stone carvings unearthed in Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and other places, which not only depicts single Cuju, double Cuju and multiple Cuju, but also depicts the scene of men and women playing Cuju together. Cuju has become a popular traditional folk sport in the Central Plains.

Sacrificial letter

"Chang 'an County Records Wangqu City God Temple Meeting" records: "In the battle of Xingyang in Chu and Han Dynasties, Han disguised Ji Xin as Liu Bang, the king of Han Dynasty, rescued Liu Bang from the tight encirclement and burned him to death by Xiang Yu. After Liu Bang won the world, he was rewarded and sealed as Ji Xin, and given a yellow robe. He chose Chang 'an Shanglinyuan (now Wangqu Town) to build a big temple for sacrifice. Every year on the eighth day of the second lunar month, it became a temple fair. " Records of the Historian, Biography of Xiang Yu, History of Han Dynasty, History of Emperor Gao Xian and related local materials all recorded the story of Ji Xin's rescue of Liu Bang. It is said that in the period of Emperor Wenjing, in order to conform to the people's hearts and strengthen the rule, Ji Xin was made a city god and became the patron saint of Chang 'an City.

Liushi restaurant

When Liu Bang was a pavilion director, he designed his own crown with bamboo skin, and asked his thief's department to go down to Xue County and find someone to make it. Liu bang has been wearing this crown, and so has he since he became a high official. People call this bamboo crown "Liu's crown". Ying Shao, a scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, commented that "Liu's Crown" is also called "Magpie's Tail Crown" and "Long Crown". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Yong said that the "Long Crown" was originally made of Chu, and later Liu Bang called it "Liu's Crown" after it was reformed with bamboo skin.

In March of the eighth year of the Han Dynasty (BC 199), Liu Bang stipulated that if the title was not above the public riding, Liu Zhiguan could not be worn.

;