Health guide:
1. Actively treat the infection focus of oropharynx, and don't swallow sputum, snot and other bacteria-carrying secretions into the stomach to cause chronic gastritis.
2. Keep cheerful: depression or excessive tension and fatigue can easily lead to dysfunction of pyloric sphincter and bile reflux, thus leading to chronic gastritis.
3. Use with caution to avoid using drugs that damage gastric mucosa, such as aspirin, salicylic acid, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, hormone, erythromycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, reserpine, etc. Long-term abuse of such drugs will damage the gastric mucosa, thus causing chronic gastritis and ulcers.
4. Harmful components in tobacco can promote the increase of gastric acid secretion and produce harmful stimulation to gastric mucosa. Excessive smoking can cause bile reflux. Excessive drinking or long-term drinking of strong liquor can make gastric mucosa hyperemia, edema and even erosion, and the incidence of chronic gastritis increases obviously. You should give up smoking and drinking.
5. Irritating foods such as too much acid and spicy food and cold and indigestible foods should be avoided as much as possible. Chew slowly when eating, so that the food is fully mixed with saliva, which is beneficial to digestion and reduces the stimulation to the stomach. Diet should be quantitative on time, nutritious, and contain more vitamins A, B and C, and avoid stimulating drinks such as strong tea and strong coffee.
6. You can practice the internal cultivation method.
Chronic gastritis is generally divided into two types: those whose inflammatory lesions are superficial and confined to the surface of gastric mucosa (no more than two thirds) are called chronic superficial gastritis; However, chronic atrophic gastritis is caused by inflammatory lesions that spread to the whole layer of gastric mucosa, accompanied by gastric gland atrophy. Chronic gastritis is a common and frequently-occurring disease. According to the gastroscopy survey, the incidence of chronic gastritis in China is as high as 60%, and atrophic gastritis accounts for about 20%.
There are many reasons for chronic gastritis, such as long-term heavy drinking and smoking, irregular diet, too cold or too hot food, too thick and hard, strong tea, coffee, spicy food, etc., which are easy to induce or aggravate the disease. Chronic gastritis caused by helicobacter pylori infection in gastric mucosa caused by unhealthy diet is not easy to heal. If acute gastritis is not thoroughly treated, it will turn into chronic gastritis. Some drugs, such as aspirin, phenylbutazone, glucocorticoid, etc., can destroy the gastric mucosal barrier and induce or aggravate gastritis.
The most common symptoms of this disease are stomachache and fullness, especially after meals, but they are more comfortable on an empty stomach. Although I don't eat much at a time, I feel full and uncomfortable, often accompanied by belching, acid reflux, heartburn, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, indigestion and so on. Due to eating less and indigestion, malnutrition, emaciation, anemia and weakness may occur. Some patients are accompanied by nervous system symptoms, such as nervousness, irritability, insomnia, palpitation and forgetfulness. These phenomena, in turn, will aggravate the stomach symptoms of chronic gastritis, form a vicious circle, complicate the condition and make it difficult to cure.
The analysis of gastric juice shows that the gastric acid of patients with chronic superficial gastritis is often normal or slightly lower, while that of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis is obviously lower, and may be accompanied by anemia (hemoglobin is lower than normal). Gastroscopy combined with pathological examination of gastric biopsy can diagnose superficial or atrophic gastritis; Gastroscopy can also take a gastric biopsy to do a test to see if there is Helicobacter pylori infection.
Generally speaking, chronic superficial gastritis and simple mild chronic atrophic gastritis have better prognosis. Chronic atrophic gastritis used to be considered as a prelude to gastric cancer (precancerous lesion), but now it seems that this understanding is biased. However, atrophic gastritis has a certain relationship with gastric cancer, and its basis is: 1. Studies have proved that patients with gastric mucosal lesions such as "colonic metaplasia" and "atypical hyperplasia" may develop into gastric cancer, which is an accepted fact. 2. Epidemiological investigation shows that the incidence of atrophic gastritis is higher in the population with high incidence of gastric cancer. 3. Pathological examination showed that atrophic lesions often appeared in the mucosa around gastric cancer. Moderate and severe atrophic gastritis, especially atrophic gastritis with colonic metaplasia or atypical hyperplasia by pathological examination, belongs to precancerous lesions, and it is easy to induce gastric cancer if it is not actively treated and nursed back to health. Therefore, chronic atrophic gastritis needs regular gastroscopy: general chronic atrophic gastritis needs 3-year reexamination 1 time, those with incomplete intestinal metaplasia and mild atypical hyperplasia need 0-year reexamination 1 time, those with moderate atypical hyperplasia need 3-month reexamination 1 time, and those with severe atypical hyperplasia (the canceration rate exceeds 10%) only need active treatment. Even if the disease develops, it can be found in time if we can insist on regular gastroscopy. Preventive resection of gastric lesions or early gastric cancer is still radical, and the effect is still very good. Therefore, as long as active treatment, life aftercare and regular review are achieved, the initiative is in your own hands. In this way, what is terrible about chronic atrophic gastritis? !
Patients with chronic gastritis should pay great attention to diet: regular diet, less meals and soft food; You should chew slowly and avoid overeating; Avoid irritating food, alcohol and tobacco, drink less strong tea and coffee, and eat less spicy, overheated and rough food; Those with low gastric acid and bile reflux should eat more high-protein and low-fat diets such as lean meat, poultry meat, fish and milk. Avoid taking drugs that are irritating to the stomach (such as sodium salicylate, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, aspirin); Relieve mental stress and maintain emotional optimism, thereby improving immune function and enhancing disease resistance; Pay attention to the combination of work and rest and exercise properly.
The treatment of this disease by western medicine is mainly symptomatic treatment. Those with severe gastric acid deficiency can take dilute hydrochloric acid orally to increase the acidity of gastric juice; People with indigestion can take pepsin mixture and multi-enzyme tablets; Gastrin and motilium can be used for patients with fullness, nausea and vomiting; Accompanied by bile reflux, it can destroy the gastric mucosal barrier due to long-term bile reflux, produce chronic superficial gastritis, and then develop into chronic atrophic gastritis. In this case, gastric motility drugs can be used to prevent bile reflux, so as to protect gastric mucosa. Domperidone or cisapride can resist bile reflux, promote emptying and stop vomiting; For patients with obvious stomachache, use point slice and 654-2 to relieve spasm and pain; People infected with Helicobacter pylori should also take Livzon and Stomach Triple for sterilization and radical cure. Sucralfate is a protective agent for gastric adhesion, which can reduce the stimulation of external factors on gastric mucosa and is beneficial to the recovery of gastric mucosal lesions. Can be used for various chronic gastritis. Taking vitamin A for chronic atrophic gastritis can improve human immunity, enhance the activity of detoxification enzymes in human body, inhibit the growth of cancer cells and prevent abnormal cell metabolism.
Traditional Chinese medicine has a good effect on chronic gastritis. Chronic gastritis mostly belongs to epigastric pain and epigastric pain syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine. Seven common types:
A. Spleen and stomach weakness type: vegetarian spleen deficiency, or improper diet and hunger make the spleen and stomach weak, which is manifested as fullness and pain in the stomach cavity, loss of appetite, abdominal distension after eating, and fatigue. Xiangsha Liujunzi decoction strengthens spleen and stomach;
B spleen and stomach deficiency and cold type: spleen deficiency is severe, spleen yang is insufficient, or overeating causes cold, which damages spleen yang and leads to yin cold overflow. It is characterized by dull pain in the upper abdominal cavity, preference for warm pressure, relief of pain after meals, severe abdominal pain and cold limbs. Huangqi Jianzhong Pill (soup) is used to warm and tonify the spleen and stomach and relieve pain urgently;
C. Liver-qi invading the stomach type: emotional disorder, depression and anger hurting the liver, liver-qi invading the stomach, qi stagnation, abnormal elevation, manifested as abdominal distension and pain, frequent belching, belching or relief after exhaust, or accompanied by irritability, chest tightness, heavy breathing, stuffy neck, foreign body sensation in pharynx and other symptoms. Treating with Qizhiweitong Granule can soothe the liver, regulate qi and regulate stomach pain, or take Xiaoyao Pill and Yuanhu Zhitong Tablet.
D type of liver-fire invading the stomach: stagnation of liver-qi, prolonged fire, liver-fire invading the stomach, causing heartburn, pain, bitter taste, upset and dry stool. Zuojin pill is used to clear liver and stomach fire;
E stomach yin deficiency type, liver fire burns stomach yin or eats spicy food, damages gastric juice, and causes dull pain in gastric cavity, hunger, dry mouth and throat, and dry stool. The treatment method is to nourish yin and stomach with Guan Yi decoction and Shaoyao decoction;
F Type of blood stasis in stomach collaterals: stagnation of liver-qi or weakness of spleen-qi, so that blood circulation is blocked for a long time, and blood stasis stops in the stomach, resulting in tingling or cutting pain in the gastric cavity, limited pain, pain refusal, dark tongue or blood stasis spots. Stone dissipation can promote blood circulation, remove blood stasis and relieve pain, and has the effect of warming and tonifying stomach qi;
G. Cold-heat mixture: symptoms of stomach heat such as bitter taste, dry mouth, halitosis and heartburn, craving for cold food and dry stool, and symptoms of spleen deficiency such as stomach discomfort, stomachache and abdominal distension caused by eating cold food or cold stomach. I treated it with Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and the effect was very good.
Chronic gastritis refers to chronic inflammatory lesions of gastric mucosa caused by different reasons. This disease is relatively common, with a long course and persistent or recurrent symptoms. According to gastroscopy and pathology, chronic gastritis can be divided into three types: ① Superficial gastritis has congestion and edema on the surface of gastric mucosa, and erosion and bleeding are rare. Stomach glands usually remain normal. ② The gastric mucosa of atrophic gastritis became thinner, and the gastric glands partially or completely disappeared; ③ Hypertrophic gastritis has thickened gastric mucosa, showing thick strips or nodules. Epithelial cells and gastric glands proliferate, but the hypertrophic gastritis diagnosed by gastroscopy is often not confirmed by pathology, so many people have doubts about the existence of this type of gastritis at present. In recent years, it is considered that chronic gastritis can often have superficial and atrophic lesions at the same time, but most of them are atrophic. Chronic gastritis can be divided into antritis and antritis. The mucosal lesions of gastritis in the body of stomach are mostly atrophic and diffuse, which are confined to the body of stomach and usually do not involve the antrum of stomach. The gastric acid secretion function is seriously damaged, the serum gastrin level is increased, and the serum anti-parietal cell antibody is mostly positive, which may cause vitamin B 12 absorption disorder and may cause pernicious anemia. Gastrosinusitis (also known as antritis) mainly involves the mucosa of gastric antrum, which is mostly manifested as atrophic lesions or superficial inflammatory lesions confined to gastric antrum. At the same time, the gastric mucosa can also be accompanied by focal mild atrophic lesions, with mild gastric acid secretion dysfunction, low serum gastrin level and negative serum anti-wall cell antibody, which generally does not cause pernicious anemia.
At present, it is believed that gastritis may be closely related to immunity, while antral gastritis is closely related to external stimuli such as smoking and drinking or bile reflux. In China, the incidence of antritis is significantly higher than that of gastritis.
symptom
The clinical manifestations of chronic gastritis are anorexia, epigastric discomfort or dull pain, belching, acid regurgitation, nausea and vomiting. This is persistent or recurrent. Gastritis and antritis may have different clinical features. The former has fewer digestive tract symptoms, but it is prone to obvious or recessive pernicious anemia and iron deficiency anemia. The latter has more digestive tract symptoms, and some patients' symptoms can be similar to peptic ulcer, showing periodic and rhythmic epigastric pain, recurrent black stool or vomiting coffee-like liquid, but can stop bleeding automatically. At present, it is believed that some chronic atrophic gastritis can develop into gastric cancer, and gastritis in antrum of stomach is far more common than antritis, so these patients should be followed up regularly.
Gastroscopy combined with biopsy under direct vision is the main method to diagnose chronic gastritis.
treat cordially
Treatment of chronic gastritis;
1. Eliminate etiology and pathogenic factors, such as quitting smoking, drinking tea, and avoiding food and drugs that irritate gastric mucosa; If obvious bile reflux is found by gastroscopy, metoclopramide and cholestyramine can be taken for treatment.
2. Drug treatment ① People with gastric acid deficiency or low gastric acid can take a mixture of 1% dilute hydrochloric acid and pepsin. ② People with high gastric acid can take aluminum hydroxide gel, metoclopramide and cimetidine. ③ Atropine, propofol and belladonna preparations can be taken when pain occurs. ④ Antibacterials: Low or lack of gastric acid can often cause bacteria to multiply in the stomach, which is related to the development of this disease. Antibacterials that are not easily absorbed can be taken orally for a short time, such as furazolidone, gentamicin and streptomycin. ⑤ Chinese patent medicines: Xiangsha Yangwei, Chen Luxiang, mushroom slices, etc. It can effectively improve symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, belching, nausea and vomiting. ③ Patients with iron deficiency anemia can be supplemented with iron; People with pernicious anemia can be injected with vitamin B 12.
3. Surgical treatment: Even if gastroscopy shows inflammation, erosion or ulcer and pathological examination shows suspicious canceration, surgical treatment should be considered. If pathological examination shows mild metaplasia of gastric mucosa or intestinal glands, you should not rush to operate, but follow up X-ray or fiberoptic gastroscope and gastric mucosa biopsy every 3 ~ 6 months.
Acute gastroenteritis is the most common disease after summer. Once bacteria and viruses invade the stomach, it often leads to vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain, which is very uncomfortable. When seeing gastrointestinal diseases, doctors generally recommend fasting for half a day or a day and adding more water.
However, the doctor also reminded that it is not necessary to blindly drink boiled water to replenish water. It is best to drink an electrolyte aqueous solution containing appropriate amount of salt and water. If you drink boiled water desperately, it may lead to insufficient electrolytes in your body and cause cramps. The rehydration salts that can be bought in pharmacies can also be bought and taken by themselves.
Summer is coming. Every summer, in addition to respiratory tract infection, acute gastroenteritis is the most common. Pathogens include salmonella or adenovirus, enterovirus, etc. Patients will have vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and other symptoms, and even severe abdominal spasmodic pain, high fever and chills, anorexia, burnout and so on. Generally speaking, it takes about three to seven days to treat acute gastroenteritis. In addition to taking medicine and fasting 12 to 24 hours, patients may be dehydrated because of constant pulling, so be sure to replenish enough water during fasting.
It is worth noting that children's vomiting and diarrhea are not only water loss, but also electrolyte loss. Therefore, it is best to supplement the "rehydration salt" sold by pharmacies, rather than simply boiled water. Some parents just give their children boiled water blindly, but as a result, they dilute the electrolyte in the body, leading to "water poisoning" such as cramps. Although sports drinks on the market also contain salt, the sugar in the drinks is also high, which will make children with diarrhea continue to have diarrhea. As for "rehydration salt", it contains a proper amount of sugar and salt, which can not only supplement the water and salt lost due to vomiting and diarrhea, but also avoid persistent diarrhea due to high sugar.
In addition, patients with acute gastroenteritis have poor appetite during the recovery period and can eat some light and digestible food. Children can eat porridge, pasta, soda cookies, apples, bananas and so on. As for children under one year old, infants whose staple food is infant formula milk powder can dilute the milk powder or switch to special formula milk powder without lactose, and then restore the milk powder to its original concentration after the symptoms improve.
What is gastroenteritis?
Gastroenteritis is inflammation of gastric mucosa and intestinal mucosa, which is caused by food poisoning.
Symptoms include:
Severe vomiting and diarrhea, often accompanied by abdominal cramps and colic.
Fever and sweating.
Long-term loss of body fluids can lead to dehydration and even shock.
There may be a small amount of blood in vomit and feces.
Symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea will stop in about two to four days, but may last longer.
Bacterial (Salmonella) infections may last for months or even years. At this time, the patient may have no symptoms, but he is a carrier and can infect others.
Why is there gastroenteritis?
The reasons may be bacteria, viruses, pesticides, toxins in food itself, food and food chemical reactions or other inorganic pollution.
The causes of bacteria include:
The most common is that food is infected by bacteria, and cooked or semi-cooked food is particularly susceptible to bacterial infection. Flies and unsanitary cookers.
Food stored at room temperature is likely to be seriously contaminated by bacteria. The refrigerator is below 4 degrees and the hot cabinet is above 60 degrees, which can prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria. Grape balls and bacteria usually come from people who handle food.
Especially foods containing milk, processed meat, raw fish sushi, etc.
Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella are the most common pathogens.
Campylobacter usually exists in contaminated poultry, meat and fish. This bacterium often causes diarrhea and severe abdominal pain.
There are many kinds of Escherichia coli, most of which are harmless, but some of them can cause acute gastroenteritis in newborn babies. This infection is more common in nurseries.
Spread. This is related to the disinfection of milk bottles.
Viral infection can also cause gastroenteritis and enteritis. Rotavirus is the most common pathogen that causes diarrhea in children. In addition, viruses that can cause gastroenteritis include adenovirus, enterovirus, hand, foot and mouth disease virus and so on. This infection will occur within two days.
Toxins produced by some plants in the growth process can also cause gastroenteritis, such as yew, green eggplant, morning glory and horse chestnut. , all contain toxins, and the buds produced by potato tubers are also toxic.
Green chemicals, such as arsenic, lead and various pesticides. If you take these chemicals, you will get sick in a few hours.
Diseases such as amebiasis and pyriform flagellasis can also cause symptoms of gastroenteritis.
How to treat gastroenteritis?
Mild gastroenteritis can heal itself without treatment.
Gastroenteritis is usually toxic, but in most cases, the toxicity is very slight. However, if not treated early, sausage poisoning and poisoning of certain plants or chemicals may be fatal.
If accompanied by abdominal pain, bloody stool or other unexpected symptoms; Severe symptoms or long duration; If you take well-known plants or chemicals, you must see a doctor at once. If you have high fever, diplopia, convulsions or paralysis, you should seek medical attention immediately.
Drug therapy:
Children should not use antidiarrheal drugs-danger. Be sure to see a doctor. Gastroenteritis in children is much more complicated than gastroenteritis in adults.
Adult patients can take antidiarrheal drugs and painkillers appropriately. Diarrhea itself is effective, but it also has side effects.
If you have acute vomiting and diarrhea, you should give up milk drinks besides drinking a little water.
After the symptoms of the stomach begin to subside for a few hours, you can start to supplement the nutrition for the patient. Porridge is the most digestible food. But don't drink tea, coffee, lemon juice, orange juice and other acidic drinks, so as not to stimulate the gastrointestinal tract and cause vomiting again.
Most gastroenteritis can be cured gradually within three days; After the symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea disappear, patients can eat a variety of foods, but they still can't eat irritating things.
What will the doctor do?
If the condition is serious, the patient will be sent to the hospital for examination and treatment.
There will be retching after gastric emptying, and the doctor will inject the patient with antiemetic drugs. Vomiting is useless at this time, and it will also hinder eating and taking medicine.
If diarrhea persists, the doctor may give the patient antidiarrheal drugs or antispasmodics.
Doctors generally don't use antibiotics unless the pathogen is known to be bacteria that can be treated with antibiotics. In that case, if you use special effects.
Su Sheng, the effect is very good.
If children or elderly patients lose too much water after vomiting, diarrhea and sweating, doctors may use intravenous infusion to replenish water.
How to prevent it?
Any dairy products and processed fish foods should not be eaten if they are left at room temperature for too long.
Pay attention to the food heated in the microwave oven. The temperature in the center is hot enough to eat. Microwave itself has no ability to stop bacteria.
Don't eat food that is suspected to be unsanitary. Especially unlicensed restaurants, seafood and raw sushi are not handled properly. It's a good habit to go to the bathroom of the food store first and wash your hands first. Don't really think that out of sight, out of mind! )
When traveling in other places, we should pay more attention to it, because different kinds of bacteria will have lower intestinal resistance.
Frozen cooked meat should be thoroughly cooked before eating.
If the container of canned food is found to be damaged or the food inside is different, it should be discarded.
The shelf life of dairy products can not be ignored.
Don't eat potato buds.