In the second year (1055), Yan Shu died, and Yan's heyday came to an abrupt end. He immediately felt the frost and snow of the real society. He, his sixth brother Youde, myna Zheng Chuan and his sisters are still young. Later, his second brother Cheng Yu's wife Zhang "raised him, raised him" and got married and started a family. Later, Yin En blessed Taichang Temple. In the seventh year of Zong Xining (1074), Yan Zhiyou was accused of being a refugee and opposed to Wang Anshi's political reform, and was handed over to Yushitai for punishment. Political opponents found Yan's song "With Zheng" from home, which read: "Little white and red are full of branches, and you can support yourself outside the stadium. Spring breeze is the guest of mankind. How long can it prosper? " If these people got the treasure, they arrested Yan in the name of satirizing the "New Deal" and opposing reform. Later, Yan was released. Although it was a close call, after this ordeal, the family's already empty financial resources were even meager, and the family situation of Yan's family went from bad to worse. This incident is also a great blow to Yan, who has changed from a full-time driver of literati to a down-and-out aristocrat.
In the first year of Yuanfeng (1077), Yuanfeng went to Song Shenzong. Good friend Wang Jian died, and Yan was invited to make a preface. In the second or third year of Yuanfeng, Huang Tingjian went to the official department to wait for the change of official position, and Yan met him again. They often drink and sing in lonely rooms, sometimes get drunk by the restaurant, and sometimes talk to each other at night, discuss the current situation and talk about their ambitions. "Everything contains Wan Li's feelings, and the notice must be paid" (Huang Tingjian's "Two Rhymes Uncle Will Lonely Room", see "Poems Collected Outside the Valley" at that time, Yan was in the prime of life, and it was very heroic and quite famous.
Song Shenzong Yuanfeng five years (1082), Xutian Town built a camp. At this time, in Yingchang officialdom, the magistrate Han Wei was a disciple of Yan Shu. It is precisely because of this special relationship and self-confidence in her talents that Yan boldly presented her words to at the beginning of her tenure. Han Wei quickly replied, I have read all your poems, saying that "talent is more than morality". I hope you can "donate the extra talents to make up for the shortcomings" and don't live up to my expectations as an "old official"! There is no warmth from Yan Jia's family in the past, but a Taoist face and parents' habits. After reading Yan Yan, it's like being splashed with cold water in winter, and the whole body is cold. In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Huang Tingjian moved to Deping Town, Dezhou (now Dexian County, Shandong Province) and wrote ten short poems on Chengping and Taikang Road near Bianjing, but Yan just traveled to the south of the Yangtze River and failed to get together.
In his later years, at the beginning of the fifth Yuan Dynasty, Yan's ci name was widely circulated in Beijing. Su Shi asked Huang Tingjian to convey his wish to see him, but he returned. "I didn't see half of my old guests in the government hall today." (Liu You quoted Shao Zemin in Yanbei magazine) His resignation was disdainful. During this period, he edited his own vocabulary, and Huang Tingjian made a preface. At the beginning of Huizong Baining, Gan Ningjun was transferred to Kaifeng as an official because of his "good career and good reputation". In the fourth year of Chongning (1 105), Kaifeng Prefecture was sent to prison twice and was strictly admitted to the official position. In the first year of Daguan (1 107), Cai Jing was in power. On the Double Ninth Festival and the solstice of winter, he sent guests to write long and short sentences, and Yan wrote two poems "Partridge Sky", the content of which was limited to singing Taiping, without language and Cai Jing. At that time, he was already an old man.
In the fourth year of Song Huizong Pass (1 1 10), Yan, who was over 70 years old, died peacefully. He is gone, but the poem of the mountain, which embodies his life's hard work, has been circulated for thousands of years and lasts forever.
Personal works: Mountain Poems 1 volume, with 260 poems, including 3 long poems and the rest short poems. His Xiao Ling reached a peak in the early Song Dynasty. It combined the elegant and rich features of Yan Shu Dictionary with the charming and popular features of Liu Yong's poems, as well as the typical musical image of appealing to both refined and popular tastes, which made the artistic form of this word reach unprecedented elegance and realized the historic role of reversing the abandonment of elegant songs.
Literary Features Huang Tingjian once listed Yan Yisheng's "four characteristics" in the Preface-"Being an official is a delusion, but not an expensive door; The thesis has its own body, and it is a delusion to refuse to make new Jinshi language; After spending millions, my family is cold and hungry, looking like a child, which is another delusion; People don't hate losing everything. They trust others, but they don't doubt that they are deceiving themselves. This is another delusion. " Seemingly derogatory, but actually praised. More importantly, it highlights Yan's personality characteristics-infatuation, that is, infatuation. A poem of the mountain shows the poet's pure feelings and infatuation to the fullest. Its sincere, profound and persistent emotional expression has become the most prominent feature of Xiaoshan's ci, which is embodied in the following points:
1. The essence of pure love and the characteristics of infatuation.
Truth and illusion are Yan's personality characteristics, which run through all his poems. His poems are full of sadness and sadness. Feng Xu said that he was a "sorrowful person in ancient times", while Huang Tingjian said that Yan's poems were "clear and fierce, and could shake people's hearts", which was completely different from the faint sadness and philosophy of Dayan's poems.
Mr. Lu Xun once pointed out thoroughly: "Only those who have the deepest feelings can have the deepest feelings." Many sentimental images in Xiaoshan's ci are actually true portraiture of sentimental face. In Xiaoshan's ci, there is a "crazy" factor at work. Whether it's remembering the past, writing about the happy experience of love, or sentimental parting, expressing the unforgettable feeling of lovesickness, there is a strong emotion, which is often rendered to a very strong degree, almost crazy, and even "unreasonable", so that it is called "nonsense".
2. The "introversion" and personalization of lyric.
The lyric words in "Yan" have obviously changed from colorful love songs with no personality in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties to words expressing self-emotion. Generally speaking, Yan's ci has been divorced from the nature of taking part in accidental amusement in song and dance carnival, and it is more personal, rather than the fancy words without personality in Huajian Collection. This is a little different. Yan's lyrical expression jumped out from other lyrical expressions, and the focus of attention turned inward to the depths of love. They don't dwell on erotic events themselves, but focus on telepathy and * * * in love between men and women. What we are trying to explore and express is the emotion in the mind, which is a deeper, finer and more subtle emotion.
3. The language is profound and delicate, and the emotions are ups and downs.
Yan's words are often heavy and have a strong sense of * * *. For example, the use of the word "spelling" is the prominent language of Yan Ci. Beauty doesn't sound like dust, and it's hard to slim down. ("Ugly Slave"), I'm bored and difficult to spell ("the wind gets loose"), so I can only wet my sleeves as I please ("Huanxisha"). These words are used to "fight", or to express uncontrollable feelings, or to express the hero's determination to do whatever it takes for feelings, or to express his feelings. The word "spelling" has become a very vivid word to express extreme feelings in Xiaoshan's ci, and it is also an image portrayal of Yan's family complex. The poet's very emotional and crazy mentality and modality are vividly displayed in this "spelling". In addition, words with strong sense of color, such as "chaos", "drunkenness", "broken", "annoyance" and "limitation of alum" also frequently appear in Xiaoshan's ci.
Writing about the love in dreams is an important manifestation of the ups and downs of the poet's love. Yan can be said to be a master of writing dream love. The word "dream" can be seen everywhere in a poem on the mountain. According to statistics, 57 capitals in the collection wrote dreams, accounting for about a quarter of all his poems. Dreams have become a powerful way for poets to express their feelings. Whether it is to recall the past with dreams, or to express the dreamlike feeling of life with dreams, or to express the feeling of missing someone with dreams, or to pin hopes that are difficult to achieve in reality on dreams, it is nothing more than an emotional expression in a depressed state.
Yan is a pure lyricist. He created the pure and charming artistic charm of Xiaoshan Ci with his pure and keen qualifications and profound and graceful lyric style.
Anecdotal allusions In the first year of Daguan (1 107), Cai Jing, a traitor with all the power in the world, sent someone to ask Yan to write lyrics on the Double Ninth Festival and in winter. In desperation, Yan wrote two poems "Partridge Sky", "Nine days of mourning for autumn is insufficient, and there is a new sound in Fengcheng Song Guan" and "It is better to welcome the new year at dawn, and the bells ring between Taiping Xiao and drums", but he did not mention Cai Jing at all. An excellent opportunity to kiss up to senior officials for promotion has passed. Yan did not understand the current situation, and only sentenced such a small official in his life.
The overall evaluation of the characters is strict. Since childhood, he has devoted himself to six arts and learned hundreds of things, especially Xilefu, which is outstanding in literary talent and won the love of his father and colleagues. He is not bound by the secular, arrogant and does not advocate snobbery. He never took advantage of his father's power or the favorable conditions of his father's henchmen and students all over the world to seek fame, so his official career was very unsatisfactory. All his life, he only worked as a small official such as Xu Tian, the supervisor of the battalion commander's office.
Celebrity comments on Zhou Ji's "Xie Cun Zhai Za Shi": Yan and his son are still gentle and gentle, and Yan is more energetic.
Chen Tingzhuo's Ci Conghua: Yan Shuyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty and Liu Gaizhi in the Southern Song Dynasty, one won by rhyme and the other by qi, which is different from * * * and Baishi.
Feng Xu's Selected Poems of Sixty-one Poets in Song Dynasty says: Huaihai and Xiaoshan are really sad people in ancient times, and their shallow words have different flavors. It's really rare to ask two poets in Song Dynasty. I really want to fix Li and Yan. It is not enough that Peter Danyang and Gui Yu are descendants of each other.
Xia Jingguan's "Forgiving Love, Rewarding Macro Drops and Fine Cylinder Sakura" resounded in the Southern Tang Dynasty, but only strength was the enemy, and the cover was not expert, especially with extraordinary feelings. My uncle used to be a noble person at dusk. He lived for a long time. He has a beautiful house and a high mountain, which he has experienced personally. He shows compassion for others, and his achievements are too fatherly. The so-called "elegance of evil, advocacy of luxury" is not enough.
There is also: the words of father and son are simple and profound, and wonderful; Yan Dao Ji almost passed his father.
Wang Zhuo's Bi Ji Man Zhi: Uncle's original words, such as King Jinling and Son Xie, rhyme delicately and are natural, so they can't be learned.
Chen's "Xiezhizhai Topic": Among all the scenery, its words can only be chased after flowers, high or excessive.
Postscript of Jin Maoge's Poems on Mountains: The collection of famous sentences has been deleted by half, but the collection of mountains is almost as beautiful as flowers, and the words are as beautiful as flowers. I hope I can't sing lotus, rainbow, apple and cloud and make peace with them on the red blackboard.
Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Art": Uncle had different values and could go back to China to support himself, but the Qing Dynasty attached great importance to it and rarely traveled to Qingyuan. The four schools of Ci have different tastes, but they are both refined and popular.
As far as the poetry of the Northern Song Dynasty is concerned, Chen's Sheng Zhi lasted for nearly five seasons. Speak slowly, and the wind begins to fade. Yan Shu, Ouyang Xiu and Zhang Xi 'an are famous for their elegance, but Yan Dao Ji is the main one.
There are also: Zhuyu, Xiaoshan, Ye Zi, Tuntian, Dongshan, Huaihai and * * *, all of which are very refined. Unlike the famous artists of the Southern Song Dynasty, the traces of needle and thread were not destroyed.
Wu shichang's Xinhua in Linz: Compared with other ci collections at that time, The Poem of the Hill gives readers an outstanding feeling. Its style is beautiful and beautiful, just like turning a pearl into a jade plate, but it is clear and smooth, which makes the literati in Song Dynasty unsurpassed.
In addition, Jing 'an compared Song Ci to Tang Poetry, saying that "Fang Hui, the principle of uncle, has made great progress in the flow of ten scholars". So what Jing 'an knows in Uncle Yuan's ci is still superficial. Another day: "Qiu is expensive, but it can drive the fields home, which is not enough to compete with Huaihai." Compared with Huaihai, Jing 'an doesn't know the hills.
Zheng Qian's Poems on Chengfu Altar: Shan Ci is fresh and sad, and its gorgeous appearance can't hide its desolate and lonely heart and sad literature, which is the top grade. "The Tales of the World" says: "Although the hills are expensive, they can drive the fields home, but they are not enough to compete with Huaihai." For an ordinary son of Judah, this is a small hill.
In addition, Xiao Shan's poems are full of sadness in their heroism, desolation in their enthusiasm, and the sadness of staying away from traveling less. Xiao Shan wrote more about the emptiness of high-rise halls, the lack of wine and people, while Hai Huai wrote more about the depression of getting the moon first and living late. Their temperament, family background and environment are all different, so their ci realm is also different, and it is sad to write for themselves.
According to the year of birth and death, Yan was born in 104 1 (or several years ago) and died in 1 165438+ in Wan's Er Yan Ji Ci, because there are few records about him in history books and local chronicles. According to Selected Poems of Hua 'an and Poems of Biji Man, the Chronicle of Er Yan in Xia calculated that Yan was born around 1030 and died around 1 106. Most of the later China literature history adopted Xia's viewpoint.
Tu and Yan went to Shahe Village, Wengang Township, Jinxian County, Jiangxi Province, and found the Family Tree of Rebuilding Southeast Yan compiled by Yan Jia in Jiangxi Province in the thirty-second year of Qing Qianlong (1767), which clearly recorded Yan's birth and death year: "There are eight sons and eight roads, the word is" Line 15 ","Song Daguan Gengyin (1kloc "