Latin scientific name Pheretima
English earthworm
Commonly known as earthworms and loops.
Chinese name earthworm [edit this paragraph] Introduction: The body length is about 100mm, and the weight is about 0.5 g ... Living in wet, loose and fertile soil, the body is cylindrical and consists of more than 100 joints. The front is a little sharp, the back is a little round, and there is a ring with no obvious decomposition at the front. The ventral surface is light in color, with bristles in the middle of most segments, which plays a fixed supporting role when the earthworm crawls. After 1 1, there are dorsal holes at the dorsal line of each segment, which is beneficial to breathing and keeping the body moist.
Earthworms advance through muscle contraction, which has the characteristics of avoiding strong light and weak light.
Also known as pipa bug. Earthworm John markham is an invertebrate.
Among annelids, there are more than 800 species of oligochaeta 1, especially earthworms. There are 17 species native to the United States and 13 species introduced from Europe, among which L.terrestris is the most common. Earthworms can be found in almost all soils with suitable humidity and sufficient organic matter in the world. An Australian earthworm can be as long as 3.3 meters (about 1 1 foot). Earthworms are about 25 cm (10 inch) long and reddish brown. The reason why it is red is because the blood contains heme. Some earthworms (such as the pale yellow-green earthworms (Allolobophorachlorotica) native to Britain) are green.
Earthworms are divided into many segments (up to 150 segments). Each segment has some internal organs (such as excretory organs). Number 32? 6? Section 537 is slightly thicker, without internode grooves, and slightly lighter in color. In the breeding season, it can secrete sticky substances, form earthworm cocoons and wrap the discharged eggs. The front and rear ends of the earthworm body are tapered, and the tail end is slightly blunt. Earthworms have no visual and auditory organs, but they can feel light and vibration. Feeding on decaying organisms in the soil, eating and swallowing a lot of soil, sand and tiny stone chips. It is estimated that the daily intake and excretion of earthworms are equivalent to their body weight.
Earthworms are hermaphroditic terrestrial worms (earthworms), but they need allofertilization. During mating, two earthworms embrace each other, secrete mucus to make their ventral surfaces stick together, and the sperm discharged by each of them is input into the other's seminal vesicle. After mating, the two individuals separate to form an earthworm cocoon, and the earthworm retreats from the earthworm cocoon. When the cocoon moves forward to 14, the mature eggs fall in. What about after 9? 6? At 5 10 somite, the sperm of the other party escaped from the seminal vesicle and fertilized the eggs in the earthworm cocoon. Twenty-four hours after mating, the earthworm cocoon breaks out of the earthworm head and stays in the soil. Usually at 2? 6? After 54 weeks, tiny larvae emerge from the earthworm cocoon and look like adults. 60? 6? Sexually mature after 590 days and fully developed in about one year.
Earthworms usually stay on the surface of the soil, but in dry weather or winter, they can drill down to a depth of 2 meters (7 feet). There is an Asian species that can climb trees after a rainstorm to prevent drowning. Earthworms are food for many kinds of birds and animals, and indirectly provide food for human beings. Loosening soil is beneficial to ventilation and drainage, which can drag organic matter into dug caves to accelerate decomposition, thus increasing the nutrients needed for plant growth. Earthworms can also be used as bait, so they are commonly called insect fishing.
Earthworms are a common terrestrial annelids, which live in the soil, come out at night, feed on decaying organic matter and swallow it with the soil. It also eats fragments such as stems and leaves of plants. Earthworms can loosen soil, improve soil, improve fertility and promote agricultural production. There are more than 2,500 species of earthworms in the world, and there are 229 recorded species in China. There are many species of Pheretima, and there are more than 2,000 species in China. [Edit this paragraph] The relationship with human beings Earthworms feed on animal and plant debris in the soil, and often drill holes in the ground to loosen the soil, which makes water and fertilizer easy to enter, improves soil fertility and is conducive to plant growth. Earthworms can be used as feed for poultry and are the favorite "meat" food for chickens and ducks. Earthworms are also widely used in freshwater fishing and are suitable bait for various waters, fish and climate. But earthworms have a harmful side. There is a parasite parasitic in pigs-pig lung filariasis, which is parasitic in earthworms for a period of time during the growth and development of its larvae. Therefore, in areas where filariasis is prevalent, earthworms provide convenient conditions for the reproduction of this parasite. Live earthworms are easy to spread diseases and can transmit tapeworm and asthma to pigs. It can spread tracheal mating nematodiasis, capillary nematodiasis, heteronematodiasis and wedge taeniasis to poultry.
Earthworms are decomposers. For human beings, they can decompose organic wastes produced by human beings and turn them into inorganic substances for plants to use. Therefore, if there are earthworms in the yard, vegetables or flowers will grow better ... At the same time, human activities will provide earthworms with certain energy sources, such as food. However, human pollution of soil and water will do great harm to the living environment of earthworms and threaten their lives.
Earthworms can also be used as feed, food and medicinal materials, which is of great benefit to human beings.
At present, people are more and more aware of the importance of earthworm in agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry production and its special role in environmental protection. According to the survey, there are about1.5000 ~1.8000 earthworms per hectare in China. Due to the digging and omnivorous nature of earthworms, the excrement of earthworms can reach tens to hundreds of tons per hectare of land every year. Earthworm manure rich in humus is an excellent fertilizer for plant growth. Earthworm activity can also improve soil, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter in soil, and restore and maintain the ecological balance of soil. In addition, people pay more and more attention to earthworm in treating organic wastes in garbage, degrading pollutants in the environment and providing new sources of protein.
Earthworms have many benefits to human beings. First, earthworms move in the soil, which makes the soil loose and makes air and water penetrate deeper into the soil, which is beneficial to plant growth and can improve the soil. Second, earthworms can improve soil fertility. Rotten organic matter and a large number of soil particles eaten by earthworms are digested to form feces, which are rich in nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Thirdly, earthworm contains a lot of protein and fat, which has high nutritional value and is an excellent feed and food for protein. Fourthly, the efficiency of using earthworms to treat organic waste is very high. For example, 654.38 billion earthworms can swallow 40 tons of organic waste a day. Therefore, earthworms have many benefits to human beings, so China and many countries in the world are vigorously developing the utilization and breeding of earthworms. [Edit this paragraph] The external section of earthworm is cylindrical, slender, with similar nodes and furrows between nodes.
The head is inconspicuous and consists of the prostate and its anterior lobe. When the anterior lobe of the mouth expands, it can flex and wriggle, and has the functions of digging, pinching food and touching.
The perioral segment is 1 body segment, and the mouth is located on its ventral side, below the anterior lobe of the mouth. The anus in the body is endless and straight-split. Since the second somite, there are bristles arranged around the somite, which is called Pperichaetine.
The bristles are simple and slightly S-shaped, and most of them are located in the rigid hair follicles of the body wall.
Sexual mature individuals, numbered 14- 16, has dark and swollen body segments, no intersegmental groove, no bristles (there are bristles on the ventral surface of earthworm in Hubei), such as ring, which is called reproductive belt or reproductive belt. The shape and position of the reproductive belt vary from genus to genus. The epithelium of the reproductive zone is glandular epithelium, and its secretions can form cocoons during reproductive period. The first segment of the genital belt, that is, the ventral center of the 14 segment, has a female genital foramen; 18 has a pair of male reproductive pores on the ventral side of the somite. There are 2-4 pairs of seminal vesicle openings, which vary from species to species.
From 1 1- 12 internode sulcus, there is a dorsal hole on the dorsal line, which can discharge body cavity fluid and moisten the body surface, which is beneficial to earthworm's breathing and walking in the soil. [Edit this paragraph] The body wall and body wall of the secondary coelom earthworm are composed of cuticular membrane, epithelium, annular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer and coelom epithelium. The outermost layer is a single columnar epithelial cell, and the secretions of these cells form the stratum corneum. This film is extremely thin and consists of collagen fibers and non-fiber layers, and there are holes in the film. The columnar epithelial cells are mixed with glandular cells, which are divided into mucinous cells and protein cells. They can secrete mucus and make the body surface moist. Earthworms encounter severe stimulation, a large number of mucus cells secrete, wrapping the body into a mucus membrane, which plays a protective role. There are short basal cells at the base of epithelial cells, and some people think that they can develop into columnar epithelial cells. Sensory cells gather to form sensory organs, which are scattered among epithelial cells, and the base is connected with nerve fibers of a thin layer of nerve tissue under the epidermis. In addition, there are photoreceptor cells, that is, the basement of epithelium, which are also connected with nerve fibers below it.
The inner side of the subepithelial nerve tissue is narrow annular muscle layer and developed longitudinal muscle layer. The annular muscularis consists of muscle cells arranged around the body, which are buried in connective tissue and arranged irregularly. The longitudinal muscle layer is thick and arranged in bundles, and the bundles are separated by connective tissue membranes containing microvessels. One end of muscle cells is attached to the connective tissue membrane between muscle bundles, and the other end is free. The longitudinal muscularis is a coelom epithelium composed of a single flat cell.
The muscle of earthworm belongs to twill muscle, which generally accounts for about 40% of the whole body volume. It is muscular and flexible. When the longitudinal muscle layer of some segments of earthworm contracts and the annular muscle layer relaxes, the segments of earthworm become thicker and shorter, and the oblique bristles on the body wall protrude outward and are inserted into the surrounding soil. At this time, the annular muscle layer of the former section contracts, the longitudinal muscle layer relaxes, this section becomes thinner and longer, and the bristles retract, getting rid of contact with the surrounding soil, thus being supported by the bristles of the latter section to push the body forward. In this way, the muscle contraction wave is gradually transmitted from front to back along the longitudinal axis of the body. Causing earthworms to move.
Earthworms are secondary body cavities, which are very wide and in which internal organs are located. The body cavity is filled with body cavity fluid. Including lymphocytes, deformed cells, mucus cells and other body cavity cells. When muscles contract, the body cavity fluid is compressed, which increases the pressure on the earthworm body surface and makes the body full, with sufficient hardness and compression resistance. And the body surface is rich in mucus, moist and smooth, and can move smoothly in the soil.
The body cavity is divided into many body cavity chambers by the diaphragm according to the body segment, and these chambers communicate with each other through small holes. Each body cavity is developed from the left and right body cavities. The outer side of the coelomic sac forms the mural coelomic membrane, the inner side forms the visceral coelomic membrane except the middle part, and the dorsal and ventral sides form the dorsal mesentery and abdominal mesentery. The abdominal mesentery of earthworm degenerates, only the part between intestine and abdominal blood vessels exists; The dorsal mesentery disappeared. The part between the anterior body cavity and the posterior body cavity is close together to form a diaphragm. Some kinds of esophagus have no diaphragm.
The peritoneum on the body wall is obvious. However, the visceral peritoneum of the intestinal wall degenerates. The visceral tunica of midgut specialized into chlorine-promoting cells. It may have a excretory effect. [Edit this paragraph] The digestive tube of the digestive system runs longitudinally in the center of the body cavity and passes through the diaphragm. The muscular layer of the tube wall is developed, which can improve the peristalsis and digestive function. The digestive tract is divided into mouth, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, stomach, intestine, anus and other parts. The mouth can be turned out from the mouth to take food. The muscular pharynx, muscle contraction and pharyngeal cavity expansion can help eating. There is a single cell pharyngeal gland outside the pharynx, which can secrete mucus and protease, moisten food and digest it initially. The pharynx is connected with a short and thin esophagus, and there are esophageal glands on its wall, which can secrete calcium and neutralize acidic substances. Behind the esophagus is a muscular sandbag lined with a thick horny membrane, which can grind food. From the mouth to the gizzard, the ectoderm forms and belongs to the foregut. The digestive tract behind the gizzard is rich in microvessels and glands, which is called stomach. There is a circle of gastric glands in front of the stomach, which functions like pharyngeal glands. Starting from the 15 body segment behind the stomach, the digestive tube expands to form the intestine, and a blind road is recessed in the center of its back, which increases the digestive absorption area. Digestion and absorption functions are mainly carried out in the intestine. The visceral lumen of the outermost layer of intestinal wall is specialized into chlorine-producing cells. Starting from the 26th body segment, a pair of cecum, which can secrete a variety of enzymes, is an important digestive gland. Stomach and intestine are derived from endoderm and belong to midgut. The hindgut is short, accounting for about 20 segments of the back end of digestive tube, with no blind road and digestive function. Open the anus to the outside. [Edit this paragraph] The circulatory system consists of longitudinal blood vessels, circumferential blood vessels and microvessels, belonging to closed-tube circulation. The lumen of the blood vessel is the continuous expansion of the primary body cavity and is squeezed out by the secondary body cavity, forming a residual gap.
The longitudinal blood vessels include dorsal blood vessels located in the center of the back of the digestive tract and ventral blood vessels located in the center of the abdomen. The blood vessels in the back of the hand are thick and pulsating, and the blood in the blood vessels flows from back to front; The blood vessels in the abdomen are thinner, and the blood flows from front to back. Immediately below the ventral nerve cord is a thin nerve vessel. There is a short lateral esophageal vessel on each side of the esophagus. Esophageal blood vessels). There are 4 ~ 5 pairs of circulating blood vessels in the heart (4 pairs of begonia hupehensis and 5 pairs of begonia curvata), and the position in front of the body varies with species. The heart connects the blood vessels in the back and abdomen. Pulsating, with valves inside, blood flows from the back to the abdomen. The parietal blood vessels are connected with the dorsal blood vessels and the inferior nerve blood vessels, and there are usually a pair of parietal blood vessels in every part except the front of the body. Blood is on the wall of the collector, the blood vessels in the back of the person.
Earthworms' blood vessels have not yet differentiated into arteries and veins. Blood contains blood cells and plasma contains hemoglobin, so it is red.
The main way of blood circulation is that dorsal blood vessels collect nutrient-containing blood from a pair of dorsal intestinal vessels in 14 segment, and oxygen-containing blood from a pair of parietal vessels, which flows from back to front. Most of the blood enters the abdominal blood vessels through the heart, and some of it reaches the pharynx through the dorsal blood vessels at the front end of the body. Branches in the esophagus enter the esophageal side vessels. The blood of abdominal blood vessels flows from front to back, and each segment has branches to the body wall, intestine, renal duct and so on. Gas exchange takes place on the body wall. Oxygen-enriched blood flows back to the esophageal vessels at the front end of the body (before 14 segment), while most of the blood flows back to the inferior nerve vessels (after 14 segment), and then forms dorsal vessels through the wall vessels of each segment. After 14 body segment, the abdominal blood vessels branch into the intestine at each body segment, and then enter the dorsal intestinal blood vessels through the dorsal intestinal blood vessels above the intestine. [Edit this paragraph] Breathe and excrete earthworms to exchange gas on the body surface. Oxygen dissolves in the wet membrane on the body surface, then permeates into the horny membrane and epithelium, reaches the microvascular plexus, is combined with oxygen by hemoglobin in plasma, and is transported to various parts of the body. Earthworm's epithelium secretes mucus, and its back hole discharges body cavity fluid, which often keeps its body surface moist and is beneficial to breathing. Some people think that earthworms can also breathe in water or do aerobic breathing.
The excretory organ of earthworm is the posterior renal duct. Generally, earthworms have a pair of typical posterior renal ducts in each segment, which are called great renal ducts. Earthworms of Cyclobalanopsis have no large renal tubules, and there are three kinds of small renal tubules: the parietal renal tubules are located on the inner surface of the body wall, which are extremely small, with 200-250 in each body, and there are no renal pores at the inner end, and the renal pores are open to the body surface. Septal tubules are located in the front and back of the diaphragm behind the 14 segment, and there are generally 40-50 on each side. There is a ciliated funnel-shaped renal tubule at the mouth of the kidney, which is connected with the ciliated dirty tubule and enters the intestine through the opening of the discharge tube without cilia in the lumen. The pharyngeal canaliculus is located in the pharynx, on both sides of the esophagus, without renal foramen, and opens in the pharynx. The latter two types of renal ducts are also called digestive renal ducts. There are abundant microvessels in various small renal tubules, and some renal hilus open into body cavities, so metabolites in blood and body cavities can be excluded. Chlorine-producing cells outside the intestine can absorb metabolites, then fall off from body fluids, re-enter the renal orifice and be discharged from the renal tubules. [Edit this paragraph] Nervous system Earthworms are typical funicular nerves. The central nervous system has a pair of suprapharyngeal nerve books (brains) located on the dorsal side of the third body segment and hypopharyngeal ganglia located on the ventral side of the third and fourth body segments, which are connected by peripheral pharyngeal nerves. Abdominal nerve cord extending from the hypopharyngeal ganglion to the back of the body, each segment has one ganglion) There are 8- 10 pairs of nerves in the peripheral nervous system, which are distributed in the anterior lobe of the mouth and the oral cavity. The hypopharyngeal ganglion branches nerves to the body wall of several body segments at the front end of the body. Each ganglion of the abdominal nerve cord sends out three pairs of nerves distributed in the body wall and various organs, and the nerves extending from the suprapharyngeal ganglion to the digestive tract are called sympathetic nervous system.
Every nerve in the peripheral nervous system contains sensory fibers and motor fibers, which have conduction and reaction functions. Sensory nerve cells can transmit the stimulation received by epithelium to the regulation or neurons of ventral neurons, and then transmit the impulse to motor nerve cells, which are connected with reactors such as muscles through nerve fibers, causing reactions. This is a simple reflex arc. Three giant fibers in the ventral nerve cord run through the whole cord, and the speed of transmitting impulses is very fast, so earthworms respond quickly when stimulated.
The sensory organs are underdeveloped, and the small protrusions on the wall are the sensory nipples on the body surface, which have tactile functions; Oral sensory organs are distributed in the oral cavity and have the functions of taste and smell; Photoreceptors are widely distributed on the body surface, and there are many in the anterior lobe of the mouth and the anterior segment of the body, but not on the ventral surface. They can distinguish the intensity of light and have light reactions that avoid strong light and weak light. [Edit this paragraph] The reproductive system is hermaphroditic, and the reproductive organs are limited to the front parts of the body, and the structure is complex.
Female reproductive organs: There are 1 pairs of ovaries, which are very small and consist of many extremely thin ovarian tubes, located behind the diaphragm in front of 13, and a pair of oviduct funnels, located in front of the diaphragm behind 13, followed by a short oviduct. The two fallopian tubes meet under the ventral cord of 14 body segment and open on this ventral line, which is called female genital foramen. In addition, there are 3 pairs of seminal vesicles and 3 pairs of wings (4 pairs of different P. differingens, 2 pairs of Aspergillus and California P. californica), which are located in the 7th, 8th and 9th somites. The seminal vesicle consists of an altar, an altar tube and a blind tube. A place to store sperm. On both sides of the ventral surface between the 6/7, 7/8 and 8/9 segments of the seminal vesicle opening.
Male reproductive organs: There are two pairs of testis, which are very small, located in the seminal vesicles in body segments 10 and 1 1, and two pairs of spermatic funnels, which are near the bottom of the testis, with enlarged front ends and ciliated mouths, followed by fine vas deferens. The two tubes are combined at the 13 segment, extend backward, and open at both sides of the 18 segment, which is a male reproductive pore. The prostate (prostate) is located on one side of the male genital foramen, and the prostate tube opens at the end of the vas deferens. The secretion of mucus wave is related to the activity and nutrition of sperm. The seminal vesicle communicates with the symbol sac in the following 1 1 and 12 segments, and the symbol sac is filled with nutrient solution. After the testis produces sperm cells, it first enters the seminal vesicle for development, and then returns to the seminal vesicle after sperm formation, and is output from the vas deferens through the seminal vesicle funnel.
Earthworms' sperm and eggs don't mature at the same time, so they cross-fertilize and mate during reproduction. During mating, the ventral faces of two individuals are opposite, the heads are facing in opposite directions, and the mucus secreted by the genital belt is close together. Each male genital hole is close to the other's seminal vesicle hole, and semen is sent to the other's seminal vesicle through the protrusion of the reproductive hole. After exchanging semen, the two earthworms were separated. After the egg matures, the reproductive area secretes viscous substances, forming a mucus tube outside the reproductive area, in which the ovulator is located. When the earthworm moves backward and the seminal vesicle hole moves to the mucus tube, the sperm is discharged into the tube. Sperm eggs are fertilized in the mucus tube, and finally the earthworm exits the mucus tube, leaving the tube in the soil, and the two ends are closed to form an egg cocoon, in which the eggs develop. Cocoon is as small as mung bean, light brown and contains 1 ~ 3 fertilized eggs.
Earthworms develop directly and have no larval stage. The fertilized egg develops into a blastula after completely unequal cleavage, and the gastrula invaginates. After 2-3 weeks, small earthworms hatch from cocoons.
It is reported that earthworms have parthenogenesis. [Edit this paragraph] The influence of temperature on its life activities Earthworms are temperature-changing animals, and their body temperature changes with the temperature of the external environment. Therefore, earthworms are generally more dependent on the environment than warm-blooded animals. Environmental temperature not only affects the body temperature and activity of earthworms, but also affects their metabolism, growth, development and reproduction. Temperature also has a great influence on other living conditions, thus indirectly affecting earthworms. Therefore, temperature is one of the most important living conditions for earthworms.
Generally speaking, the active temperature of earthworm is between 5-30℃, and it goes into dormancy at 0-5℃ and dies below 0℃. The optimum temperature is about 20-27℃, when it can grow, develop and reproduce well. At 28-30℃, it can maintain a certain growth; The growth stopped above 32℃; The activity below 10℃ is slow; When the temperature is higher than 40℃, the earthworm cocoon dies, and the optimum incubation temperature is 18-27℃. It can be seen that the highest lethal temperature of earthworm is lower than that of other invertebrates. The farm had better be indoors. In the southern region, it is ventilated and moisturized in summer, and it can be produced normally all year round as long as the windows are closed to keep warm in winter (the temperature here refers to the temperature of the substrate, because the temperature is different from that of the substrate, for example, when the temperature is 0℃, the temperature of the substrate is about12℃; When the temperature is 38℃, the base material temperature is only about 28℃, which is because manure contains extremely high moisture. [Edit this paragraph] How to reproduce the hermaphroditic offspring of earthworms? The male reproductive organs have two pairs of testis sacs behind the 10 and 1 1 sections, each of which has a testis and a testis funnel, which are connected with the sperm storage sacs of the latter pair through small holes in the diaphragm. Two pairs of seminal vesicles are located in 1 1 and 12. Sperm cells first enter the seminal vesicle for development after they are produced in the testis, and then return to the seminal vesicle after they mature, and are discharged from the seminal vesicle through the vas deferens. After 13, the two vas deferens are parallel to each other. When they reach 18, they meet with the branch and main tube of the prostate and are discharged from the male genital foramen, which are located on both sides of the ventral surface of 18. Female reproductive organs have a pair of grape-shaped ovaries attached to the back of 12 and 13 septa. Mature eggs fall into the body cavity, pass through a pair of egg funnels in section 13, pass through the short fallopian tube, and meet at section 14, but are discharged from the female reproductive orifice, with only one female reproductive orifice. In addition, in sections 6 to 9, there are 2 or 3 pairs of seminal vesicles, which are places to receive and store allogeneic sperm, and are opened on both sides of the abdominal intersegmental groove between sections 6 and 9.
Although earthworm is hermaphrodite, it still needs allogeneic fertilization because of the different mature stages of sex cells. The male germ cells of earthworms mature first. When mature, the two earthworms must mate. During mating, the accessory gonads secrete mucus, so that the two ventral surfaces are attached to each other and the head is divided into two sides. The male reproductive foramen is opposite to the reproductive foramen of the allogenic seminal vesicle, and the semen is discharged from each male reproductive foramen and enters the seminal vesicle through the other seminal vesicle orifice. After exchanging semen, the two earthworms separated. When the egg matures, the ring secretes viscous substances and solidifies outside the ring to form a round mucus tube (earthworm cocoon), and the mature egg is discharged into the earthworm cocoon from the female reproductive hole. When the earthworm waves backward, the earthworm cocoon gradually moves forward to the hole of the seminal vesicle, and the sperm escapes and is fertilized in the cocoon. Earthworms keep retreating, and finally the cocoon leaves the body, with both ends closed and left in the soil. Each earthworm cocoon has 1 ~ 3 embryos, which hatch in 2 ~ 3 weeks. If the environment is not suitable, it can be postponed until next spring. Earthworms and flowerpots with earthworms must also be killed. The flowerpot is placed outdoors and underground, and earthworms can easily enter the pot from the bottom hole. Earthworms are beneficial in the ground, but harmful in flowerpots. If there is less soil in the flowerpot, it will cause earthworms to gnaw at the roots of flowers and make holes. Once watered, the water will flow away along the hole, and the flowers will not be able to drink water. If there are earthworms in the flowerpot, you can buy some trichlorfon (pesticide) powder from the flower shop, sprinkle it on the surface of the pot soil, mix it with the soil and water it. Trichlorfon can completely eliminate earthworms. Use according to the packaging instructions. Others think that earthworm dung is a kind of fertilizer for flowers, which is good for flowers.