1 refers to the sixth month of the lunar calendar.

The ancients used the five elements to match the four seasons in order to make up for it by thinking of a long summer, so it is in line with the five religions to add a long summer in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Su Wen Liu Jie's Theory of Hiding Elephants: "Spring is better than summer." Bing Wang notes: "The so-called long summer is also in June."

2, refers to beginning of autumn to the autumnal equinox.

China is a vast country with different climates in the north and south. During the period from beginning of autumn to the autumnal equinox, it is still very hot in most areas. Every year, the last days of hot days are still behind beginning of autumn, and the temperature is still very hot. Therefore, Chinese medicine calls the period from beginning of autumn to the autumnal equinox "long summer". [3]

It refers to summer. Because of its long days, it is called.

The poem "Thinking" in Tang Dynasty: "Sit and watch the long summer night, and the autumn moon shines on Luo Wei." Jin Caijue's poem "Send a Message to Tongzhou King" says: "ciel phantomhive has a long history of personnel and officials." Qing Liu Dakui's "You Bai Men Chun": "There are more than a dozen ancient cypresses in the four corridors outside the pavilion. I wonder if it will be hot in the long summer." [ 1]

other meaning

1 refers to the last month of summer, that is, from July 7th to August 6th. [2]

"Su Wen's Six Heroes' Hidden Images" Bing Wang notes: "People who grow up in summer will also be in June. Born in fire, longer than summer, long and prosperous, so clouds are longer than summer. " "Su Wen: On Gas Storage Time" Bing Wang notes: "Long summer is also called June. Summer is the mother of the earth, the soil is long and dry, and it is ruled by dragons, so the clouds are longer than summer. "

June in the quotation is the lunar calendar. The climate is wettest at this time, but it's humid because of the rainy weather. The humidity in the air is high and the atmosphere is low, which is dominated by the spleen. The dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine says: "Long summer, June in the lunar calendar." Su Wen's On Zangqi: "Spleen governs summer." "

All the year round, spring, summer, autumn and winter cycle in turn, while the seasonal climate changes from warm to cold, and everything in nature depends on life, growth, harvest and hiding. Why is it called "five o'clock (long summer)" throughout the year? This is due to the theoretical needs, as well as to cooperate with the five elements of heaven and the five internal organs of human beings and build a huge five systems.

"Su Wenjin is in a tight array" says: "The so-called four seasons win, spring wins long summer, long summer wins winter, winter wins summer, summer wins autumn, autumn wins spring, so-called four seasons win." Bing Wang noted: "In the four seasons, plus the long summer, it is said that the five elements (five) will win." Yuntieqiao's Record of Wisdom in Classics: The five elements in the Internal Classic are matched with five collections, which originated from the four seasons of Heaven. There are five Tibetan, but only four Tibetan, so June is a long summer to match the spleen. "

Looking back at the ancient books of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, we can see that there is no name of "Long Summer", but there is a name of "Late Summer Moon", such as "Book of Rites Mingtang": "In late summer and June, the Duke of Zhou sacrificed to the Great Temple as a gift." Zou of the Warring States Period: "Spring takes the fire of elm willow, summer takes the fire of jujube apricot, summer takes the fire of mulberry zhe, autumn takes the fire of oak, and winter takes the fire of Sophora japonica." "Spring and Autumn Stories and Five Elements Pair": "There are five elements in the sky, including wood, fire, earth and gold. Wood fires, fire produces soil, soil produces gold, and gold produces water. Water is winter, gold is autumn, soil is the last month of summer, fire is summer and wood is spring. Spring is the main life, summer is the main growth, and late summer is the main cultivation, autumn is the main harvest, and winter is the main storage. " The last month of summer is added to four o'clock and becomes five o'clock.

"Long summer" was first seen in Su Wenjin in Neijing, and appeared 27 times in the whole book of Neijing, which evolved from the word "late summer moon" written by Zou Yan. The philosopher Kong Deli's "Pre-Qin philosophers" said: "The appearance of' Late Summer Moon' is a pioneering work of Zou Yan's theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, which solves the defect that Tude does not occupy a specific position in the four seasons."

When the theory of five elements was introduced into medicine, in order to coordinate spleen, soil and dampness, the author of Neijing changed the seasonal summer to long summer, which was the symbol of the introduction of the theory of five elements into medicine. The source of long summer actually comes from the theory of five elements, that is, to cooperate with the five elements of nature-wood, fire, earth, gold and water. This is completely out of theoretical needs, far-fetched, obviously.

The meaning of Long Summer should be as Bing Wang said: "Long Summer is also in June. Born in fire, longer than summer, long and prosperous, so clouds are longer than summer. " (The second note of "Six Stories of Elephants") added: "The long summer is also called June. Summer is the mother of the earth, the soil is long and dry, and it is ruled by dragons, so the clouds are longer than summer. " (The second note of "On the Time of Storing Qi") means "Born in midsummer".

The five elements in the long summer belong to the earth, the five elements belong to the middle, the five elements belong to the dampness, the five internal organs belong to the spleen, and the five bodies belong to the muscle. "Su Wen Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun" says: "Spleen governs summer." "New Correction" says: "According to Quan Yuan, the cloud begins with the four seasons of spleen king, and June is the land of fire king. The spleen governs the center, and June is in the middle of December, which is half a year, so the spleen governs June. "

June refers to the June of the lunar calendar, from July 7 to August 6 every year, that is, the last month of summer, which is converted into Gregorian calendar. The climate is wettest at this time, but it is humid because of the heavy rain. The humidity in the air is high and the atmosphere is low, so the spleen is the main factor.

Corresponding time of five seasons: February 4th to May 4th in spring, May 5th to July 6th in summer, July 7th to August 6th in long summer, August 7th to165438+1October 6th in autumn, and winter165438+1October 7th.

2. It refers to the last 18 day of the four seasons change, which belongs to the category of traditional Chinese medicine.

According to the theory of Taiyin Yangming in Su Wen of Neijing, "Spleen is also soil, and it is the center of governance. It is often necessary to hide at four o'clock and four o'clock, and send it to treatment on the 18 th. " That is to say, the spleen governs summer, that is, the last 18 day of each season. As Zhang Jingyue, a famous doctor in Ming Dynasty, said, "Spring is liver-oriented, summer is heart-oriented, long summer is spleen-oriented, autumn is lung-oriented, and winter is kidney-oriented."

Although the spleen is dominant in the long summer, the time is unreasonable and uneven. Long summer is a month apart from summer, not two months, while spring, autumn and winter are three months each. In this way, in order to balance this period of time, the author of Neijing also said that the spleen does not govern, that is, at the end of each season, the spleen governs 18 days. 18×4=72 days, 3 months-18 days =72 days, so every quarter is 72 days. On Yin Yangming by Su Wentai: "Emperor said: Does the spleen not govern? Qi Bo said, "Spleen can also govern the central government. Generally, it takes four days and four viscera, and every day 18. "

"The Story of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Meaning of the Five Elements": "Being in the center of the country is the ornament of (so-called) nature. The earth and the thighs of heaven are also beautiful and cannot be named as temporary things, so the five elements and four seasons are also earth. Fire and water in Jin Mu are in different places, but they can't stand it because of the soil. They are sour and salty, sweet and fat, and they can't taste. Liver is the root of five flavors; Indigenous people are the masters of the five elements. The master of the five elements is rustic, and the five flavors are sweet and fat, so he has to do it. Therefore, the trip to a saint is not loyal, and it is also called Tude. It is also a fact that people who are big officials do not call the roll; Those who are big in the sky are born nameless, and the soil is awkward. "

Corresponding time of five seasons: February 13 in spring to April 25th, May 14 in summer to July 28th, August 16 to1October 28th in autumn, and winter165438+1. Changxia 65438+1October 26th to February 12, April 26th to May 13, July 29th to August15,65438+1October 29th to/kloc-.

reference data

[ 1]? Data. Baidu dictionary [reference date 2015-12-12]

[2]? Ci Hai (Simplified Edition), Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House, 1979, page 69.

[3]? "Twenty-four solar terms, beginning of autumn" phoenix tree leaves fall golden and cool, rainy and round. Eye of the Eye News [citation date: 202 1-08-06]

Fundamentals of Traditional Chinese Medicine 15-2

To be continued.