First of all, genetic factors, which are congenital factors, can't be changed by anyone, but you don't have to panic too much. Through a series of living habits such as reasonable diet and reasonable work and rest, the incidence rate can be reduced.
Cancer is getting younger and younger, and staying up late ranks first.
All kinds of games, singing, drinking, especially endless classes, terrible lifestyle changes have turned China into a city that never sleeps, and young people in China are not sleeping more and more. This is the direct factor leading to the rising incidence of cancer in China, especially among young people. Is it really so difficult to go to bed at 10: 30 at night at the latest 1 1?
"Hot water" nourishes the body but hurts the esophagus.
Drinking plenty of water, especially plenty of safe hot water, is the only way to keep fit. However, this kind of hot water is needed in the field of health. The temperature our esophagus can withstand is between 40 and 50 degrees. If it exceeds this value, the esophagus will be damaged. This damage can be regulated by the self-repair ability of human body, but the abnormal cell renewal increases the incidence of esophageal cancer. I won't talk about the rest of mala Tang and instant-boiled mutton, not that I can't eat it, but that I can't eat it in that hot state.
People who eat carcinogens when they have nothing to do
So, many people may think I'm joking, but this is the case in real life. In fact, most healthy people know the World Health Organization. A group of specialized people are studying what carcinogens are. They can list the carcinogenicity of food. There is a carcinogen that will definitely increase the risk of cancer. Typical representative is charcoal barbecue, the salted fish we often eat. Houttuynia cordata, overnight leftovers, sauerkraut, etc. I can't wait for more than a dozen, but some people, especially charcoal barbecues, just love to eat or eat often. So what can we do for people who do popular science?
Sometimes eating too much becomes an accident.
Whether because of losing weight or being busy, eating regularly and quantitatively seems to be a luxury. I can't do these things (but most of them are), including my nutrition major. But we always spare no effort to fight against the physiological needs of the human body for one reason or another. Why? Are we gonna be okay?
Xiao Yuntao, Team Leader of Nutrition Pirates
National second-class public dietitian
Member of Nutrition Society
Lecturer in balanced diet nutrition, nutrition ambassador
Good at office worker nutrition and cancer nutrition.
The esophagus, as its name implies, is a conduit for eating. There are more than 400,000 new cases of esophageal cancer in the world every year, and there are 250,000 cases in China. About 265,438+000,000 people die of esophageal cancer every year in China. Why are we from China? How many esophageal cancers can you not come? Who is prone to esophageal cancer? First, people living in high-risk areas should be careful. Hebei, Henan and Jiangsu Zhongyuan are high incidence areas of esophageal cancer, and Linzhou, Henan Province is famous for esophageal cancer. Secondly, some people use "rich cancer" and "poor cancer" to classify certain cancer types. If we want to divide it in this way, esophageal cancer is a typical poor cancer, that is, low living standards, rough or unclean food, eating cheap rice (stored in old warehouses), stale vegetables, inferior cooking oil and unreasonable processed food are more likely to get esophageal cancer. Third, partial eclipse, some people like to eat pickled pickles, pickled vegetables, dried prunes, bacon, barbecue, sausages, such as pickled vegetables in Qixian County, Henan Province, winter vegetables in Cangzhou, Hebei Province, and kohlrabi in northern Jiangsu Province, which are well-known in the local area. The risk of esophageal cancer is higher than that of normal people. Fourth, people who can drink well, of course, refer to alcoholics. Some people drink well, but only once in a while. Northerners can drink, and the wine is wild. The incidence of esophageal cancer is high in the north of the Yangtze River and low in the south. 5. People who like to eat hot food and drink hot food will burn the esophageal mucosa and lead to the invasion of germs. Pingqiao tofu, one of the famous dishes in Huaiyang, should be eaten hot because of lard, and it will smell fishy when it is cold. This hot eating habit is a high risk factor for esophageal cancer. In addition, the food is too salty, the taste in the diet is too heavy, and irritating foods such as peppers, which are essential for every meal, are also inducing factors for esophageal cancer. These are common high-risk groups of esophageal cancer. These people should pay attention to changing what can be changed and what cannot be changed, and they should be screened for esophageal cancer regularly at a certain age. As far as I know, these high-risk areas are supported by the early screening program for esophageal cancer.
There are obvious regional differences in the incidence of esophageal cancer. For example, the high incidence areas of esophageal cancer are mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Taihang Mountain (Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Tai 'an, Jining, Heze, Anhui and northern Jiangsu). In recent years, the incidence of esophageal cancer has declined, but its mortality has been ranked fourth.
Factors leading to esophageal cancer:
④ Other factors: Other factors causing esophageal cancer include the lack of certain trace elements in daily diet, such as molybdenum, iron, zinc and selenium. And frequent drinking of hot drinks or unclean mouth.
High-risk groups of esophageal cancer:
The high-risk population of esophageal cancer includes people over 40 years old, long-term smoking and drinking, immediate family members with a history of esophageal cancer or digestive tract malignant tumor, precancerous lesions of esophageal cancer or other high-risk factors, especially those living in high-risk areas of esophageal cancer. These are the key points of esophageal cancer screening and prevention.
Prevention of esophageal cancer;
Who is easy to get esophageal cancer?
As a "China characteristic" cancer, I believe everyone knows it very well. Geographically speaking, Hebei, Henan, northern Jiangsu and other central plains regions in China are all high-incidence areas of esophageal cancer, especially Henan, with the incidence rate ranking first in the world!
Xiaohua studied in Henan for five years, so she knows more about esophageal cancer!
At present, it is recognized that esophageal cancer has an important relationship with the following reasons: drinking, smoking and various chronic stimuli to the esophagus (such as reflux esophagitis).
The survey also found that eating spicy food, drinking too much alcohol (especially high alcohol), not eating on time, malnutrition and having a family history of cancer will also increase the risk of esophageal cancer, which means that people with the above habits are more likely to suffer from esophageal cancer!
The onset age of esophageal cancer is mostly over 40 years old, and most of them are men. After all, it is easy for men to catch all kinds of dangerous habits mentioned above, so the physical debts owed by these bad habits of smoking and drinking when they are young must be paid back when they are old!
Genes are also an important factor leading to esophageal cancer. Linzhou, Henan Province, as a high incidence area of esophageal cancer, is not only because of the above-mentioned life risk factors of local people, but also because of esophageal cancer-related genes.
Studies have shown that Linzhou people carry several genes that are easy to induce esophageal cancer. At present, it is believed that at least 8 gene loci are related to the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Xiaohua has a classmate whose hometown is next to Linzhou. After genetic testing, it was found that he carried five high-risk loci related to esophageal cancer ... Find the psychological shadow area QAQ of this classmate.
Of course, esophageal cancer is not incurable. By changing living habits, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, eating more fresh fruits, eating less salted fish and pickles and eating less overheated food, the risk of esophageal cancer can be reduced!
Gu Xiaohua in the medical field
Esophageal cancer is a typical "lifestyle tumor", and the inducing factors include smoking and drinking, eating habits, nutritional factors, trace element deficiency, genetic factors and so on. Because the early symptoms of esophageal cancer are atypical, most of them are in the middle and late stages after obvious symptoms appear, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of esophageal cancer of less than 30%. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the main methods to improve the survival rate of patients.
What are the high-risk groups of esophageal cancer?
1.45-65 years old middle-aged and elderly people have the highest risk of esophageal cancer, accounting for 67.3% of all esophageal cancers, which is the high incidence age of esophageal cancer.
2. The genetic susceptible population with family history has family history of esophageal cancer, gastric cancer or other malignant tumors, especially in the high incidence area of esophageal cancer, the incidence of esophageal cancer increases, and the closer the blood relationship, the higher the relative risk of esophageal cancer. Compared with other tumors, esophageal cancer has obvious family aggregation, and the positive family history of esophageal cancer patients is 24%-6 1%.
3. People who smoke and drink for a long time smoke and drink for a long time, so that the esophageal mucosa is stimulated by chronic inflammation for a long time, and epithelial cells are prone to atypical proliferation until they mutate. According to the survey of the International Center for Research on Cancer, the relative risk of esophageal cancer is 1 for people who drink less than 40 grams and smoke less than 9 cigarettes a day, while the relative risk of esophageal cancer for people who drink more than 65,438 grams and smoke more than 30 cigarettes a day is as high as 155.6.
People with bad eating habits like hot drinks, hot tea, hot food, fast food and foods that are too rough and difficult to chew slowly. , will burn or stimulate the esophageal mucosa epithelium to cause diffuse inflammation or necrosis, which can lead to epithelial dysplasia and long-term canceration.
5. Poor diet, such as people who rarely eat fresh food, eat fermented sauerkraut, pickled food and moldy food for a long time, rarely eat fruits and vegetables, and the food lacks vitamin C, vitamin B, carotene and trace elements.
6. Reflux esophagitis Long-term gastric acid bile reflux causes reflux esophagitis, chronic inflammation causes atypical hyperplasia of epithelial cells, and severe atypical hyperplasia is equivalent to carcinoma in situ.
7. Barrett's esophagus The squamous epithelium of the lower esophagus is covered by columnar epithelium, which is Barrett's esophagus. The mechanism is unknown, and it is thought to be related to esophageal reflux. Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous lesion, and the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's esophagus patients is 40 times higher than that in normal people. In esophageal cancer, 10%-40% patients have Barrett's esophagus.
8. History of surgery For patients with previous history of gastric cancer, cardiac cancer, esophageal cancer and subtotal gastrectomy, the probability of recurrence of esophageal cancer is higher than others.
For people over 40 years old, if they have digestive system discomfort for a long time and belong to the high-risk group of esophageal cancer, it is best to go to the hospital for gastroscopy in time.
Esophageal cancer is a very common malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy. In recent years, its morbidity and mortality have remained high. China is a high incidence area of esophageal cancer, and the patients are younger. So who is easy to get esophageal cancer?
First of all, in terms of eating habits: ① people who are used to eating hard food; 2 often eat very hot food and eat too fast; 3 like to eat a lot of spicy food such as pepper, onion and garlic; 4 daily preference for drinking strong tea; (5) Lack of vegetables and fruits in daily diet leads to the lack of vitamins and some trace elements (such as molybdenum, copper, iron, zinc, etc.). ) in the body; These are high-risk groups of esophageal cancer. People who usually like to eat pickled food will consume more nitrosamines than ordinary people, and these compounds are also easy to cause cancer. There are also some areas where food is contaminated by mold, and some mycotoxins can also cause cancer and teratogenicity to human body.
Secondly, in terms of living habits, people with a large history of smoking and drinking are more likely to suffer from esophageal cancer. Tobacco contains a variety of carcinogens, and drinking alcohol will accelerate the progress of the disease, and the synergistic effect of the two will become a high-risk factor for inducing esophageal cancer.
Thirdly, in terms of disease development, esophageal diseases such as esophageal inflammation, esophageal stenosis and reflux esophagitis may lead to long-term damage or excessive stimulation of esophageal mucosa, thus inducing esophageal cancer.
Fourthly, in terms of genetic factors, according to statistics, the incidence of esophageal cancer has obvious familial inheritance, and many patients have familial genetic factors. This phenomenon of family aggregation of esophageal cancer is closely related to its living area and family eating habits.
After understanding several inducing factors and people who are prone to esophageal cancer, we should develop good eating habits in daily life and carry out targeted prevention, thus reducing the incidence of esophageal cancer.
Answer: Daishan, master of medicine, welcome to pay attention to the life call-up order and get more useful health knowledge.
The incidence of esophageal cancer is a very complicated problem, and the exact factors causing esophageal cancer are not very clear. It is generally believed that it is the result of the interaction of many factors.
The so-called high-risk group of esophageal cancer means that the probability of esophageal cancer in these groups is higher than that in other groups. The high-risk groups of esophageal cancer mainly include the following categories:
(1) In the high-risk age group, the incidence rate of middle-aged and elderly people aged 45-69 is the highest.
(2) Genetically susceptible population with family history.
(3) People who have been exposed to carcinogens for a long time, such as nitrosamines and mycotoxins. Toxins produced by molds have a strong carcinogenic or cancer-promoting effect, especially aflatoxin, and Geotrichum candidum toxin has the strongest carcinogenic effect.
(4) People with esophageal precancerous lesions, such as esophageal inflammation, esophageal epithelial hyperplasia, esophageal ulcer, esophageal mucosal leukoplakia, esophageal scar stenosis, etc.
(5) People with bad eating habits. Physical stimulation of diet is easy to induce esophageal cancer. Eating overheated and rough food, drinking strong tea, eating hot and sour food and other irritating foods for a long time can cause esophageal mucosal damage, lead to esophageal mucosal proliferative lesions, and then lead to esophageal cancer.
(6) Smokers and alcoholics.
Excessive drinking (especially strong liquor) will destroy the protective layer of esophageal mucosa and directly damage esophageal mucosal cells, making it easier for carcinogens to contact and damage esophageal mucosa. Alcoholism can also cause digestive dysfunction, gastric acid reflux, reflux esophagitis, and aggravate esophageal mucosal injury. Moreover, it will make the central nervous system function disorder, the body's immunity decline, and it is more vulnerable to carcinogens.
There are many carcinogens in cigarette smoke and tar. Carcinogenic substances in tobacco are swallowed or absorbed by saliva or food, and act on esophageal mucosa to cause cancer.
(7) Postoperative patients with esophageal cancer.
(8) People who are easily influenced by personality traits are long-term depressed, sad, self-restrained and introverted. Long-term mental depression, anxiety and sadness may lead to immune, metabolic and endocrine dysfunction and induce cancer. Negative emotions reduce the production of antibodies in the body, hinder the identification and clearance of cancer cells by lymphocytes, and make cancer cells break through the defense of immune system, proliferate excessively, grow indefinitely, and form cancer.
(9) People who lack trace elements and nutrients, and areas with low content of trace element molybdenum in food, the incidence of esophageal cancer is high. Insufficient intake of fresh green leafy vegetables and fruits in the diet will lead to the lack of vitamin A and vitamin C, and the incidence of esophageal cancer will increase. Residents in areas where wheat and corn are staple foods and zinc, magnesium and nicotinic acid are less consumed, often eat pickled vegetables and moldy foods, and will consume more nitrosamine carcinogens, which is easy to induce esophageal cancer.
(2065438+April 26, 2008, Dr. Zeng answered questions)
My grandmother died of esophageal cancer. From June 2065438 to June 2065438+June 2065438+June 2003, she felt suffocated while eating and had difficulty swallowing. At that time, she didn't tell us that she just ate porridge and drank some milk every day. In less than half a month, she couldn't even swallow milk and vomited everything she ate. After the family knew it, they forced her to ask, and she said. When my family calls me, I feel uncomfortable, probably esophageal cancer!
The old man is disease-free and painless all his life. When he went to the hospital for examination, all kinds of diabetes, hyperthyroidism and anemia came. ...
After taking medicine in the hospital for more than half a month, she can have an operation. For more than half a month, grandma couldn't eat anything, and she relied on intravenous drip to maintain her life. The days after surgery are the most painful, both for patients and their families. Grandma hurts here or there. As a grandson, I sympathize with her.
I have to go to work every day here, and I can only go to the hospital for vigil on rest days. Other times, my parents are serving. Take the last time to do a filial piety.
The operation cost more than 70 thousand yuan, and the middle thoracic esophagus was resected and anastomosed. The operation was very successful. Thanks again to these colleagues who worked silently. Two weeks after operation, grandma recovered well and was discharged smoothly.
However, I have only been back for more than three months, during which eating is easy to digest and nutritious, and my family is also hands-on. But before radiotherapy and chemotherapy, grandma died suddenly ... I think grandma didn't want us children to work too hard and left in a hurry.
This year's Qingming sweeping the grave, the family got together, and there was no lack of embarrassment.
There are some habits in our family's diet, which I hope everyone can take as a warning.
For example, in summer, a can of pickled pickles should be prepared, which contains pickled heads, sour plums, garlic, peppers, tender ginger and so on. It's hot in summer. It's very comfortable to eat a bite of frozen corn porridge and a few small pieces of pickles.
Also, when cooking, I like to fry the oil with salt first, and then add seasonings such as onion, ginger and garlic, so that the food and meat will be more delicious than usual, and it will be much more delicious than the last salt.
Grandma likes hot porridge best. No matter early summer, autumn and winter, all porridge must be boiled before you can enjoy it. In retrospect, these eating habits are not unrelated to the occurrence of esophageal cancer. I hope that compatriots in similar situations will change.
As a doctor, I want to remind you that you should pay more attention to your diet.
Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of upper digestive tract, which is currently listed as the ninth most malignant disease in the world, and 300,000 people worldwide die of esophageal cancer every year. China is one of the high incidence areas of esophageal cancer in the world.
Who is prone to esophageal cancer? In fact, the exact cause of esophageal cancer is not very clear, only that smoking and heavy drinking are important reasons. Studies have shown that the incidence of esophageal cancer in smokers increases 3-8 times, and that in drinkers increases 7-50 times. In the high incidence areas of esophageal cancer in China, the occurrence of esophageal cancer is also related to nitrosamines, certain molds and their toxins, and others are also related to the lack of certain trace elements and vitamins, bad eating habits, excellent diet, overheating and eating too fast.
Of all the reasons, smoking and drinking are the most important. In order to prevent esophageal cancer, it is absolutely not to smoke or drink. The incidence of esophageal cancer is complicated and multifaceted. Not everyone eats too fast, and if the food is overheated, they will get esophageal cancer. This is just a possibility. Of course, it's best to wait until the food is warm, rather than boiling it, because it will stimulate the esophagus. In the long run, the esophagus may become inflamed, and repeated inflammation may induce esophageal cancer.
Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor with high mortality. China is a country with high incidence of esophageal cancer, and its morbidity and mortality are among the highest in the world. Many people will ask, why do you get esophageal cancer? Like this question, who is easy to get esophageal cancer? Of course, this does not mean that anyone will definitely get esophageal cancer, but who is at higher risk of esophageal cancer?
The exact cause of esophageal cancer is not completely clear, but there are still some risk factors related to esophageal cancer. To say who has a higher risk of esophageal cancer, it may be the following categories:
1, smokers and alcoholics, needless to say. Studies have shown that smoking and drinking will increase the risk of esophageal cancer. If you smoke and drink, of course, the risk is higher. Quitting smoking and drinking can reduce the risk.
2. People who don't pay attention to their diet. When I say I don't pay attention to my diet, I mean I don't have good eating habits, such as eating pickled food, eating hot food, drinking hot tea and overeating.
3. Malnourished people, specifically, have an unreasonable diet and lack certain vitamins and trace elements.
4. People who are often in contact with or exposed to environmental chemical carcinogens, such as nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
5. There are people in the esophageal cancer family, which involves genetic factors. Esophageal cancer does have family aggregation.
6. People living in areas with high incidence of esophageal cancer may be related to heredity, environment or eating habits.