"Although the tortoise lives long," Cao Cao's tortoise lives long, but it still has its times. A poisonous snake flew in the fog and was finally covered with dust. An old horse crouches, aiming at a thousand miles. The martyrs were full of courage in their later years. The surplus and contraction period is not only in the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. Fortunately, even! Sing with ambition.

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1. This poem was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), and Cao Cao was fifty-three years old. This poem is the last chapter out of Xiamen. The poem combines philosophical thinking, impassioned and artistic image, showing a positive attitude towards life. 2. "Tortoise" sentence: Although the tortoise can live a long life, it still dies. God turtle, the legendary psychic turtle, can live for thousands of years. Longevity, longevity. In fact, the end, here refers to death. 3. Unexpectedly: the end, here refers to death. 4. "Viper" sentence: Even if a viper can ascend to heaven by fog, it will eventually die and turn into dust. Viper, a mythical creature similar to the legendary dragon, can drive away clouds and fog. The sound is the same as "Teng" 5. Ji (J): Good horse, swift horse. Li √: Manager. 6. has: stopped. 7. Martyr: A person with great ambitions. Old age: old age. 8. Surplus and contraction: originally refers to the change of the length of a person's birthday, but now refers to the length of a person's life. Surplus, full, extended to long. Shrink, lose, extend to short. 9. But: only, only. 10. Yeung Yi: Maintain physical and mental health. 1 1. Yong: Dragon. Yongnian: Long life. 12. fortunately, even: those two sentences were added during the concert, which have nothing to do with the text and are the official end of Yuefu poetry.

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Although the tortoise has a long life, it still has an end. Although poisonous snakes can fly in fog, they will eventually die and turn to dust. The old swift horse is lying in the stable, and its ambition is still to travel thousands of miles every day. People with great ambitions will never stop working hard in their later years. The length of a person's life is not only determined by heaven, but also can be extended as long as he nurses his body and mind well. I am glad to use this poem to express my inner feelings.

Editorial appreciation of this poem

This is a philosophical poem written by Cao Cao in his later years, which expounds the poet's attitude towards life. The philosophy in the poem comes from the poet's real experience of life, so it is vivid and has sincere and strong emotional power; Philosophy and poetry are expressed by visualization, so the perfect combination of reason, ambition and emotion is realized in the concrete artistic image. The poem "Old horse crouching tiger" is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Their brushwork is vigorous and the rhythm is heavy, which contains a heroic spirit of self-improvement and profoundly expresses Cao Cao's vigorous and enterprising spirit. The rhyme of the whole poem is ups and downs, the first four sentences are eloquent, and the two sentences of "I still have" are calm. The next four sentences of "Lao Ji" turned into passionate tone, and the pen was thunderous, which made the image of this "domineering" hero jump from the page. And the last few sentences reveal a deep and euphemistic amorous feelings, giving people a warm feeling. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, with meticulous mechanism, shining with the light of philosophical wisdom, emitting the feeling of forging ahead and shaking the optimistic tone. The artistic style is unpretentious, noble and generous, which shows the poet's enterprising spirit of self-improvement and optimistic spirit of loving life. The length of a person's life is not entirely determined by the sky. As long as he keeps healthy physically and mentally, he can prolong his life. This shows that the poet holds a negative attitude towards fate, and the optimistic spirit of confidence in things depends on man-made, which expresses the poet's lofty aspirations and lofty sentiments of being unwilling to age, not believing in fate and struggling endlessly. "Although the tortoise has a long life, it still flies in the fog and turns to dust." "Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that Chu had a turtle and died at the age of three thousand." Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the turtle lived for 3 thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die! "Everything goes wrong" records: "Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same!" "Teng snake" can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill can be described as great! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life? Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and promptly advised people to eat, drink and be merry, and generously said, "The old horse lies on its back, aiming for a thousand miles. In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments. He said that people who are interested in doing something will never be depressed in their later years, and the pursuit of grand ideals will never stop! This poem begins with a sigh about the philosophy of life, followed by a strong and intense singing, and then returns to philosophical speculation: "The period of surplus and contraction is not limited to the sky; The blessing that nourishes grace can last forever. " Cao Cao's outlook on life is quite dialectical. First of all, he talks about respecting the laws of nature, and people always die. Then, in a limited life, people should give full play to their subjective initiative, make positive progress and make contributions. Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you pay attention to maintenance regularly, you can make it healthy and happy, and you can also prolong your life. Cao Cao's "pleasure in keeping fit" doesn't mean to sit still and sit back and relax, but means that a person's mental state and physical health are the most important, and he should not be depressed because of old age, but should be "full of courage"-he should have never-ending ideal pursuit and positive spirit, always be optimistic, energetic, constantly strive for self-improvement and maintain ideological youth. Cao Cao expressed the importance of human spiritual factors to health through personal experience. In this respect, it is also a wonderful health preserving theory. Zhong Rong of the Southern Dynasties wrote a poem "Poetry", which evaluated poets and distinguished grades, putting Cao Cao's poems at a disadvantage. However, Cao Cao's poems have a shocking power, which makes countless heroes fall in love with each other crazily. According to "Shi Shuo Xin Yu", Wang Dun, the general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, once drunk and chanted Cao Cao, aiming for thousands of miles. The martyr's next year is full of courage. "Wishful spittoon is a holiday, and the spout is short. Why are theorists' eyes so different from readers' eyes to appreciate love? This is a thought-provoking question. General Wang's clapping poem is the fourth verse of Cao Cao's Yuefu poem "Out of Xiamen"-"Although a turtle is a longevity". Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao and his son at that time, pacified the North Fifth Ring Road, was full of ambition, optimistic and confident, and wrote this group of poems to express his great ambition to make contributions. At this time, Cao Cao is 53 years old and can't help thinking about the journey of life. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, he chanted with infinite emotion: "Although the tortoise has a long life, it sometimes flies and eventually turns to dust. "Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that there was a turtle in Chu who died at the age of three thousand. "Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the turtle had lived for 3,000 years, but it was still inevitable to die!" Everything is wrong "records:" Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same! "'Teng snake' can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill is great! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life? Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and advised people to eat, drink and be merry in time, and sang generously: "An old horse crouches and aims at a thousand miles. The next year of the martyrs is full of courage. " Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments. He said that people who are interested in doing something will never be depressed in their later years, and the pursuit of grand ideals will never stop! This poem begins with a sigh about the philosophy of life, followed by a strong and intense singing, and then returns to philosophical speculation: "The period of surplus and contraction is not limited to the sky; Blessings that nourish grace can last forever. "Cao Cao's outlook on life is quite dialectical. First of all, he talks about respecting the laws of nature, and people always die. Then, in a limited life, people should give full play to their subjective initiative, make positive progress and make contributions. Finally, people are not completely powerless in the face of natural laws. Although the length of a person's life cannot violate the objective laws, it is not completely given to God. If you take good care of your body and mind and make it healthy and happy, can you also prolong your life? Cao Cao's "pleasure in keeping fit" doesn't mean to sit still and sit back and relax, but rather that a person's mental state is the most important thing. He should not be depressed at the end of the year, but should be "full of courage"-he should have an endless pursuit of ideals and a positive spirit, always optimistic, energetic, constantly striving for self-improvement and maintain ideological youth. Cao Cao revealed the significance of human spiritual factors to health through personal experience. In this respect, it is not a wonderful health theory! The more valuable value of The Ghost Blows the Lamp is that it is a real poem, which opens up a new era of poetry. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty ousted hundreds of schools of thought and held the thoughts of the Han people captive for 300 to 400 years, so that the literati of the Han Dynasty could not write poems, but only wrote great poems praising the achievements of emperors and endlessly annotated Confucian classics, and the literature with real feelings and individuality could not be developed. Until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world fell apart, stormy, political, ideological and cultural changes took place. As a hero in the world, Cao Cao, who loves poetry and songs, took the lead in going astray and brought a free and active atmosphere to the literary world. He is surrounded by a large number of literati, such as "Seven Scholars of Jian 'an", who live in a war-torn era and often show impassioned thoughts and feelings. As "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "When you look at it, you are elegant and generous, good at being scattered in the world, light and vulgar, with a deep ambition and a long pen, so you are generous and full of gas. "In particular, Cao Cao wrote poems on the pommel horse, which was tragic and generous, shocking ancient and modern times, unprecedented and unprecedented. The hearty style of this passionate poem was later called "Jian 'an Style", with Cao Cao as the most prominent representative. For thousands of years, Cao Cao's poems have shocked the hearts of heroes all over the world with this "generous" spirit and its inherent positive and enterprising spirit. It is this precious characteristic that makes Jian 'an literature shine brilliantly in the history of China literature. Zhong Rong placed Cao Cao in an inferior position, mainly because he was "ancient and straight" and lacked literary talent. I didn't know that Cao Cao, a hero, was dismissive of carving chapters and pecking sentences. Zhong Rong was from the Six Dynasties. Scholars at that time paid great attention to literary talent and gorgeous colors. As the saying goes, "a hundred words are used together, and the price of words is strange." Zhong Rong's evaluation of Cao Cao is too low, which is obviously due to the ethos of the times. We know that any literature, including poetry, is secondary to content after all. In the past, Cao Cao's literary position was often concealed by his political achievements, but was not taken seriously. In fact, he is an outstanding figure in the history of China literature development, especially his pioneering work on Jian 'an literature, which really deserves a lot of attention. (Zhang Tieming)

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Cao Cao

(155.7.18.-220.3.15), a Geely, named Meng De, nicknamed Ashen and Pei Guoqiao.

County (now Qiaocheng, Bozhou City, Anhui Province) people. An outstanding politician, strategist and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.

family background

Cao Cao was born into a prominent eunuch family. Cao Teng, Cao Cao's grandfather, is said to be a descendant of Cao Can, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, and occupies a high position. Father Cao Song is Cao Teng's adopted son. At that time, Cao Song's background was not clear, so Chen Shou called him "Don't jump to conclusions", but some people thought he was Xiahou's son. Official to Qiu.

achievement

Cao Cao is not only an outstanding politician and strategist in the history of China, but also an outstanding writer. He has written military works such as Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Tzu's Art of War, Hao, Hai, Qiu Lu, Cold Night, Jieshi and Jie Shi.

Content of Cao Cao's poems

There are roughly three kinds: reflecting the reality of the turmoil in the late Han Dynasty, unifying the ideal of the world and the indomitable spirit, and expressing unforgettable negative emotions. Cao Cao has profound cultivation in literature, calligraphy and music. His literary achievements are mainly manifested in poetry and prose. There are less than 20 poems by Cao Cao, all of which are Yuefu poems. The content can be roughly divided into three categories. One is related to current affairs, the other is mainly to express ideals, and the other is poetry about immortals. For more than 30 years, Mao Yujun never gave up his books. The book talks about the art of war and thinks about classics at night. Climbing to the top must be given, and the strings of new poems make a movement. (Shu Wei) Although Shang Yahao was in the army, he couldn't put it down. Every time I decide to save, I calmly say: people who are less eager to learn will think professionally, and after a long time, they will forget; When I grow up, I can be a diligent scholar, just me and Yuan Boye. ("Canon on self-narration", Yuan Boye left his name and Yuan Shao was his brother. ) Cao Gong's old road is straight, and there is a sad saying. (Poems by Zhong Rong) Works related to current affairs include Autumn Dew, Good Li Xing, Bitter Cold, Walking Out of Xiamen, etc. Two songs, Autumn Journey and Good, were written in the early years of Jian 'an. The foregoing reflects that He Jinmou murdered eunuchs, and Dong Zhuo went to Luoyang for insurrection. The second article is about the states and counties in Kanto, each with its own ambitions, fighting with each other, and keeping pace with each other in content. Poetry describes this historical process in concise language, so it is called "A Record of the Late Han Dynasty, an authentic work of poetry history" (Zhong Xing's Ancient Poems Return). What is particularly commendable is that in the poem "A Journey to Luxury", he wrote the profound sufferings of the broad masses of the people in the war in a sympathetic tone: "When a cockroach is born, everyone dies, and the bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles. There are hundreds of people left behind, which makes people feel sad. " A Journey to Bitter Cold was written in the 11th year of Jian 'an. The poem describes the coldness, desolation and precipitousness of Taihang Mountain in winter, with vivid images, and also writes the poet's inner complex feelings. "Out of Xiamen" was written in the twelfth year of Jian 'an, and the five rings levied three counties. This poem includes "Yan" (prelude) and four explanations. Yan concentrated on the poet's complex mood when he went to war. Explain "Watching the Sea" and write the impressions when marching through Jieshi; Second, explain Winter in October and Cold in the River, and write about what you saw and heard on your way home. Fourth, explain "although the tortoise lives long" and write about the ideological activities after winning this important battle. Among them, "Looking at the Sea" describes the seascape, "The autumn wind is bleak, the waves are rough, and the trip between the sun and the moon is unexpected; If the stars are brilliant, unexpected and magnificent, it embodies the poet's broad mind of embracing the universe and devouring the sun and the moon. "Although a turtle lives for a long time" expresses the poet's view on life and career with a series of vivid metaphors: "An old man riding on a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr died with great courage". This is the true confession of the poet's active and enterprising spirit all his life. The poems that mainly express ideals are Du Guan Shan, Duijiu, and Short Song. The political ideals of the first two poets. His vision of peace and prosperity is the politics of virtuous monarch and good minister, which combines Confucianism and law with kindness and prestige. This is undoubtedly of progressive significance under the realistic background of social destruction in the late Han Dynasty. The theme of "Short Song" is to be thirsty for talents. With poems such as "the mountain is not too high, the water is not too deep, the duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world returns to its heart", it expresses the mood of seeking talents and recruiting talents to achieve its great cause. You Xian's poems include Exhale and Autumn Hu Xing. Cao Cao didn't believe in the alchemist's theory of immortality, so he wrote these poems as something else, so he can't be equated with Qin Huang and Wu Han's quest for immortality.

artistic style

In artistic style, Cao Cao's poems are unpretentious and unpretentious. They won with deep affection and charm. Poetically, it is characterized by generosity and sadness. Generosity and sadness, originally the keynote of Jian 'an literature, are the most typical and prominent in Cao Cao's poems. In terms of poetic genre, Cao Cao's Yuefu poems did not copy the rules of Han Yuefu, but developed. For example, Lu Luxing and Good Li Xing are both elegies in the Han Yuefu, but he used old topics to express brand-new contents. Cao Cao initiated the tradition of writing current affairs with Yuefu, which had far-reaching influence. A large number of Yuefu poems created by Jian 'an writers and many poets from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty can be said to be the inheritance and development of this tradition.

The classification of his prose

Cao Cao's prose is mostly applied words, which can be roughly divided into three categories: table, preface and book. Representative works include Please Increase the Feudal List of Guo Jia, Make the County Self-evident, Letters with Wang, Old Monument of Taiweiqiao, etc. These characters are characterized by simplicity, simplicity, frankness and fluency, and write the unique voice of Cao Cao. For example, "Let the princess know her ambition" tells the story of her struggle experience for most of her life, analyzes the situation at that time, and dissects her own mind. His words of "seeking defeat alone, I don't know how many people are emperors and how many people are kings" are extremely frank and courageous. From the Eastern Han Dynasty, prose appeared the trend of parallel prose, and gradually appeared at the end of Han Dynasty. Ordinary prose writers began to emphasize duality and use allusions. But Cao Cao was unique at that time with his simple, practical and practical style. Lu Xun once praised Cao Cao as "the founder of the reform article" ("Wei and Jin demeanor and the relationship between articles and medicine and wine").

Jian 'an literature

Cao Cao's achievements in literature are also reflected in his constructive role in Jian 'an literature (see Seven Children of Jian 'an). Jian 'an literature can flourish under the background of long-term war and social fragmentation, which is inseparable from his attention and promotion. When discussing the reasons for the prosperity of Jian 'an literature, Liu Xie once pointed out that "respecting the monarch and loving poetry and elegance" (the literary mind carves dragons). In fact, the main writers in Jian 'an period were closely related to him. Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are his sons, and the "seven sons" and Cai Yan are also sheltered by him. It can be said that "Ye Group" was formed on the basis of the material conditions he provided; And their creation is also under the influence of his advocacy. According to the textual research of Yao Zhenzong's Records of the Three Kingdoms of Qing Dynasty, Cao Cao's works include 30 volumes of Wei Wudi Collection, Sun Tzu's Art of War 1 Volume, 13 Volume and so on. There are more than ten kinds of works, but most of them have been lost, and the only one that exists is Sun Tzu's Note. 145 poems collected by Zhang Yan in Ming Dynasty were included in Wei Wudi Collection and 103 in Records of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Ding's Collection of Celebrities in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties also includes Wei Wudi's Collection, which has slightly more works than Zhang Pu's Collection. 1959, according to Ding Ben, Zhonghua Book Company added Annotation to Sun Tzu, and attached the Ji of Emperor Wu and Chronology of Cao Cao. , and reprinted as "Cao Cao Ji".

Edit the creative background of this paragraph.

The author is Cao Cao, a famous politician and strategist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. This poem was written at the beginning of 208 AD, before he conquered Jing and Wu in the south after he put down the rebellion in Wuhuan and eliminated the remnants of Yuan Shao. At this time, Cao Cao is 53 years old and can't help thinking about the journey of life. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, he chanted with infinite emotion: "Although the turtle has a long life, there are still times when it jumps over the snake and rides on the fog and eventually turns to dust." "Zhuangzi Qiushui" said: "I heard that there was a turtle in the State of Chu, and it was three thousand years old when it died." Cao Cao did the opposite, saying that the tortoise lived for three thousand years, but it was still inevitable to die! "Everything goes wrong" records: "Flying dragons ride clouds, making snakes swim in fog, clouds stop fog, and dragons and snakes are the same!" "Teng snake" can ride like a dragon riding clouds and fog, and its skill can be described as great! However, once the clouds clear, they will disappear like flies and ants! In ancient times, Qin Huang Hanwu and other great masters were seduced by the art of immortality, but Cao Cao had a clear understanding of the natural laws of life, which was valuable in the era of predicting superstition. What is more valuable is how to treat this limited life? Cao Cao swept away the tragic tone of the literati at the end of the Han Dynasty who lamented that life was like a dream and advised people to eat, drink and be merry in time, and sang generously: "An old horse crouches and aims at a thousand miles. In the year of martyrs, go forward bravely. " Cao Cao compared himself to a galloping old horse. Although old and frail, he was demoted to the next position, but his chest was still full of lofty sentiments.