Winter leek cultivation in Hanzhong has a long history, which originated in the area of Guojielou Village near Hanjiang River in Hanzhong City, southern Shaanxi Province. After long-term natural selection and careful cultivation by local vegetable farmers, winter leeks have been widely planted in counties and cities in Hanzhong area. Winter leeks are rich in nutrients, and the carotene content is second only to carrots, twice that of green onions and 27 times that of celery. It also contains aromatic volatile essential oil and sulfide, which is the reason why leek has special fragrance and bactericidal effect. Because of its spicy taste, it can be used for seasoning, frying, cooling, soup, stuffing, and a little adjustment, all of which are fragrant and delicious. Leek is also a good medicine. Leaves and roots have the effects of exciting, removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation, stopping bleeding, stopping diarrhea, tonifying middle warmer, helping liver and dredging collaterals, and are helpful for treating traumatic injury, choking diaphragm, nausea, enteritis, hematemesis and chest pain. Leek seed is a stimulant, which has the functions of consolidating semen, strengthening yang, tonifying kidney, treating leukorrhagia and warming waist and knees. Therefore, Chinese medicine calls leek "living yang grass".
territorial scope
Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, known as "Tianhan" in ancient times, is located in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, with Qinling Mountains in the north and Bashan Mountain in the south. Gansu in the west, Sichuan in the south, Ankang in the east and Xi, Xianyang and Baoji in the north. Geographical coordinates: east longitude10530 ′ 50 ″-10816 ′ 45 ″, north latitude 3208 ′ 54 ″-3353 ′16 ″, with an altitude of 500 65438 ″ in five counties and one district of Pingchuan.
Hanzhong winter leek is a traditional peasant leek variety in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province. It is planted in five counties and one district of Hanzhong Basin, including Dahekan Town, Liangshan Town and Chengguan Town in Nanzheng County. Wang Bo Town, Sanhe Town, Liulin Town, Wen Chuan Town and Cuijiashan Town of Chenggu County; Guanxi Town, Yangzhou Town, Yishui Town, Xiecun Town and Ma Chang Town in Yangxian County; Mianyang Town, Wuhou Town, Dingjun Town, Changlin Town, Huangsha Town, Jin Quan Town, Yuandun Town and Laodaosi Town in Mianxian County; Chengguan Town, Geshi Town and Yankou Town of Xixiang County; 3 1 Township offices in longjiang town, Qizhen, Puzhen, Zongying, Shujiaying, Beiguan Office and Hanzhong Road Office of Hantai District plant more than 2,600 mu of winter leeks in Hanzhong all the year round, with an annual output of 6,500 tons.
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil landform: Hanzhong Basin is a valley basin developed on the basis of the fault depression between Qinling and Daba Mountain. Taking Hanzhong Basin as the center, it extends to the main ridge of Qinling Mountain and Daba Mountain, and there are flat dams, hills, low mountains and Zhongshan in turn, which is a belt-shaped landform. The banks of the Han River are alluvial plains formed by the Han River. Its soil is cotton sandy soil. After thousands of years of cultivation by vegetable farmers, the soil has been
Improve near loam soil. The soil is neutral to weakly acidic, and the pH value is about 6.5.
(2) Hydrological situation: There are two main rivers in Hanzhong, namely Hanjiang River and Jialing River. Surface rivers are rich in runoff. There are 528 tributaries in the two major rivers, and the Hanjiang River basin accounts for 72.2% of the total area of the region, with 340 tributaries. Jialing River basin covers an area of 27.8%, with tributaries 188, and the total annual runoff of the whole region 1 446,5438+0 billion cubic meters, of which 69.3% comes from Hanjiang River basin. The average sediment concentration of Jialing River is 8.6 kg/m3; Due to scarce vegetation and frequent human activities, the average sediment concentration in the upper reaches of the Hanjiang River is 2.36Kg/m3, while the average sediment concentration in other reaches is less than 1.0kg/m3.
The natural water quality in Hanzhong is good, and most of them are suitable for drinking, farming, agriculture and industry. Generally, it belongs to bicarbonate and carbonated water. Hanjiang water is weakly acidic, with a pH of 6.5-6.8 and a total hardness of 68-81mg/L. Jialing River is weakly acidic, with a pH of 6.2-6.7 and a total hardness of 83-91mg/L. ..
The groundwater content in Hanzhong city is generally rich, but it is unevenly distributed and has significant regional differences due to the influence of topography, water-bearing rocks and precipitation distribution. The general trend is that the richness of water resources in the south of the city is better than that in the north, and the richness of water resources in the basin area is better than that in the hilly areas. Two groundwater distribution areas are formed: Pingba area of Hanjiang River and high-order low-hilly area of red clay. Among them, the flat dam area of Hanjiang River mainly includes the floodplain and the first and second terraces of Hanjiang River and its tributaries. Hanshui rock stratum is mainly Holocene modern alluvial gravel and clayey silt layer, with aquifer thickness of 20-50m, diving depth in floodplain area of about 1m, first terrace buried depth of 2-3m, and second terrace buried depth of 3-6m. The high-order and low-hilly areas of red clay mainly include the third and fourth terraces and low-hilly areas of Hanjiang River, and the aquifer is sandy clay, loam and clay deposited by Quaternary alluvial lakes. The water-bearing thickness is about 5-40 meters, and the buried depth of the phreatic layer is above 6-32 meters.
(3) Climatic conditions: Hanzhong has good climatic conditions. The towering Qinling Mountains prevented the Siberian winter cold current from rushing in, and the winding Daba Mountain pulled warm and humid air from the Indian Ocean along the canyon to the north, forming a subtropical climate. The climate here is mild and the rainfall is abundant. The annual average temperature in Pingchuan area is 14.3℃, the annual sunshine is 1600- 1800 hours, and the annual average relative humidity in five counties and one district of Pingba, Hanzhong is 77-80%. In a year, winter and spring are smaller, and summer and autumn are larger, which are 9 and 65438 respectively. 75-80% in winter and March. The rainfall is 87 1.8 mm,
The frost-free period is 254 days, and the accumulated temperature is ≥ 10℃ and 4480℃. There is no severe cold in winter, no heat in summer, abundant water, lush bamboo and trees, flowers and birds, and it is known as the "Little Jiangnan" and "Golden Ouyu Basin" in the northwest.
(4) Human history: Winter leek cultivation in Hanzhong has a long history. It has developed from a traditional farm variety in Hanzhong to a local famous variety in Shaanxi, and it has also been listed as an important excellent variety resource of Chinese chives in the Vegetable Variety Records of China. The discovery of winter leek in Hanzhong is very accidental. During the period of 1956, researcher Ren Jian, a vegetable expert from Shaanxi Province, found a very good farmer leek variety in Guojielou Village, Hanshui Township, Hanzhong City while investigating the famous vegetable varieties in the province. Locals call it winter leek (because there is also a local leek, 1 leek). Before this, I don't know how many dynasties it was planted, and no one can tell when it started, but the locals found it colder than ordinary leeks. The expert, who was hired as a provincial expert, found that this farm variety has many precious economic traits, such as high yield and high quality, especially its cold tolerance and heat resistance, which other leeks do not have, so he introduced it to Shaanxi Vegetable Research Institute and named it Hanzhong Winter leek, which was planted in Wugong and xi 'an successively and performed well. It is also among the best in the province's leek variety resource park. As a result, the farmer variety of this unknown dynasty became an excellent variety in Shaanxi Province under the name of "winter leek in Hanzhong". In 1950s, leek yellow produced by winter leek in Hanzhong was airlifted to Beijing by special plane for a state banquet for foreign guests. This greatly improved the popularity of winter leek in Hanzhong. In 1960s, winter leek in Hanzhong was introduced to Shandong, and in 1970s, it was introduced to Tianjin. After trial planting in two places, winter leek in Hanzhong performed very well. 1982, Shaanxi Provincial Variety Approval Committee recognized Hanzhong winter leek as one of the first local famous vegetable varieties. 1986 was recognized by Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee, and 1987 was also recognized by Tianjin Crop Variety Approval Committee. This kind of leek variety scattered among farmers has become a famous rare variety in China. 199 1 year, winter leek in Hanzhong was compiled into Famous Vegetables and Their Cultivation in China (Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House) and selected into the book Vegetable Cultivation in China (Northern Edition).
Production technical requirements
(1) Selection of producing area: The selection of producing area of winter leek in Hanzhong should conform to the Environmental Conditions Standard for Producing Area of Pollution-free Vegetables NY/50 10-2002.
(2) Variety selection and specific requirements: select seeds with typical characteristics of winter leek in Hanzhong as production seeds.
(3) Production process management: The production process of winter leek in Hanzhong should conform to the Technical Regulations for the Production of Pollution-free Leek (NY/T5002-200 1).
(4) Product harvesting and post-harvest treatment: winter leek in Hanzhong is listed all the year round, and its green leek in greenhouse was harvested in Hanzhong as early as mid-February. Preliminary sorting after harvest to remove sediment and impurities. It is tied into a small handful of kilograms, packed into bamboo baskets or cartons and sold in the market.
(5) Production record requirements:
① Record the date of farming operation in detail;
(2) accurately record the harvest date, product types and quantity (product types refer to green leek, leek yellow, leek stalks, seeds, etc.). );
(3) Records of agricultural inputs: types, dosage, use time and times of chemical fertilizers;
B. Type, concentration, date of use and frequency of use of pesticides;
(4) Accurately record the planting years of Chinese chives in different places.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) Botanical characteristics: Allium tuberosum Hanzhoung was identified as a tetraploid crop by Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which is the internal factor that Allium tuberosum Hanzhoung is superior to other leek varieties (all diploid crops).
The plant of winter leek in Hanzhong is higher than common leek, with a plant height of 40-50 cm; The leaf cluster is semi-erect, and 5-7 leaves can be left per plant; The leaves are flat, slightly triangular, fleshy, wide, 32-42 cm long, generally about 0.8- 1. 1.0 cm wide, the widest can reach 1.7- 1.9 cm, light green, the top is round and blunt, and the leaf sheath is 0.9 cm thick.
(2) Intrinsic quality: Winter leek in Hanzhong is a valuable vegetable with broad and tender leaves, positive color, spicy taste, less fiber, rich nutrition, good quality and good commodity. It is also rich in carotene. Every 100g fresh leek contains 3.26mg carotene, which is second only to carrots, twice as much as scallion (1.48mg) and 27 times as much as celery (0. 1 1mg). At the same time, leek also contains aromatic volatile essential oil and propylene sulfide, which is the reason why it has special fragrance and bactericidal effect. Eating can stimulate appetite, help digestion, increase appetite, promote blood circulation and qi circulation, nourish stomach and blacken hair.
(3) Safety requirements: The quality and safety standard of winter leek in Hanzhong should meet the quality and safety standard of pollution-free leek NY/500 1-200 1.
Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.
The package should be clearly marked with the words "Hanzhong winter leek", which is pollution-free food. Each package shall be marked with the origin, product standard number, trademark, name of production unit, detailed address, specifications, net content, collection date and packaging date. The handwriting on the mark should be clear, complete and accurate.