Mencius met Liang. The king said, "Ah! Will it be good for our country to come all the way? "

Mencius said to him, "Wang! Why is it profitable? And benevolence and righteousness. The king said,' Why is it good for our country?' The doctor said,' Why is it good for my family?' Figure Shu Ren (4) said,' Why is it good for me?' Levy up and down (5) to benefit the country and endanger the country.

The country of a thousand riders, whoever kills its monarch, must be the home of a thousand riders; A thousand times the country will punish its monarch, and a hundred times the home. It's not too much to walk a thousand roads and a hundred roads. Don't take advantage of the later righteousness, benefit first, and don't take it away. Those who leave their relatives without benevolence are also those who leave their relatives without righteousness. Wang also said that it was only benevolence and righteousness. Why should he say profit? "

Mencius saw the beam in the marsh and Gu Hongyan in the elk, saying, "Are saints also happy about this?"

Mencius said to him, "A saint is happy when he has it, and a saint is happy when he has it." "Poetry" says, "The Lingtai started at the beginning and then set up camp. Shu Ren attacked it, but it failed for several days. Don't be anxious from the beginning (jí), the common people will come. Wang Zailing, Fu (Y not U), Lu, Zhuo and He (hé). Wang is in Lingnuma, jumping at (wū) and (rèn). "

King Wen takes people's power as a marsh platform and folk music, which means that his platform is called Lingtai, his marsh is called Lingfen, and he enjoys elk, fish and turtles. The ancients enjoyed themselves with the people, so they could enjoy themselves. Tang Shi said:' Time hurts (hé) mourning? Give it to the woman and die together. "People want to die with them. Although there are birds and beasts in the pool, how can they enjoy themselves?"

King Hui of Liang said, "I am a country, and I devote myself to it. If Hanoi is fierce, it will move its people to Hedong and its millet to Hanoi. Hedong is also fierce. People who observe the politics of neighboring countries have no intention like me. There are not many people in neighboring countries, and there are not many people in my country. Why? "

Mencius said to him, "The king is belligerent. Please use the metaphor of war. Replenish drums, weapons company, abandon armor. Or stop after a hundred steps, or stop after fifty steps. What if the pot is too black? "

He said, "No, it's not a hundred steps straight, it's also a walk."

He said: "If Wang knows this, there is no hope that there will be more people in neighboring countries. If you don't go against the farming season, the valley can't take food; If the number (ù) does not enter the pool (wū), the fish and turtles will not be able to eat; Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. Valley and fish turtles can't fight for food, and wood and wood can't fight for it, which makes people lose their lives and have no regrets.

Keeping in good health and dying without regret is the beginning of kingly way. Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; A hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a few people in a family can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. Seventy people eat meat, clothes and silk, and the Lebanese are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing.

Dogs don't know when they eat food or when they are hungry. When people die, they say,' If it weren't for me, I would be old.' Why is it different from stabbing and killing people? It said,' Not me, but a soldier. The king is innocent, and the people in the world are heavy. "

King Hui of Liang said, "I would like to teach in peace."

Mencius said to him, "Isn't it unusual to kill people with hammers and blades?"

Yue: "There is no difference."

"Is it unusual to use the blade and politics?"

Yue: "There is no difference."

He said, "There is fat in the barn, fat horses in the stable, hungry people and hungry people in the wild. This causes wild animals to eat each other. Animals eat each other and people hate them. For the sake of people's parents, the administrative department has to lead wild animals to eat people. Evil is being the parents of the people? Zhong Ni said: "The initiator will not have any consequences!" It's also used to make it look like a person. How did it make people starve to death? "

King Hui of Liang said, "Jin State, Mo Qiang knows everything in the world. And my body, the East was defeated by Qi, and my eldest son died; West, lost seven hundred miles in Qin; The south is a disgrace to Chu. I'm ashamed of it, and I'm more willing to pour it than the dead. If so, what can I do? "

Mencius said to him, "The earth is a hundred miles away, so you can be king. The king is kind to the people, saves punishment, collects taxes thinly, and cultivates the fields easily. Strong men can cultivate their filial piety and loyalty in their spare time, serve their fathers and brothers, and serve their superiors, so that they can make a fuss about the strong men in Qin and Chu.

When he took his people away, he couldn't farm to support his parents, who were hungry with cold, and their brothers and wives were separated. He drowned his people, but Solo collected them. Who are the enemies of the king? Therefore, as the saying goes,' the benevolent is invincible'. Wang, please don't doubt it! "

Mencius sees King Liang Xiang. Coming out, the speaker said, "I don't look like a gentleman, so I don't understand what I'm afraid of." Suddenly he asked, "Is this world evil?" I said to him,' I booked one. '

Who can be one of them? Right:' If you don't like killing people, you can kill them. '

Who can match it? Yes:' There is nothing in the world but peace. Is it Miao? If there is drought in July and August, the seedlings will die. When the sky looks like a cloud and it rains repeatedly, the seedlings will thrive. If so, who can resist? There are no people who are not addicted to murderers now. If there are people who are not addicted to murderers, people all over the world will look forward to it. If so, the people will pay back and the water will come down. Who can resist? " "

Qi Xuanwang asked, "Have you ever heard of Qi Huan and Jin Wen?"

Mencius said to him, "The followers of Zhong Ni who have nothing to do with Taoism and literature will never be handed down in the future. I haven't heard of it. If there is no way, what is the king? "

He said, "What kind of virtue can make you king?"

He said: "Protecting the people is king, and you can't defend yourself."

He said, "If I am a person, how can I protect the people?"

Say, "Yes."

Yue: "How do you know I can do it?"

He said: "I heard from Hu Weiqi that the king of Qi was sitting in the hall. When he saw him passing under the hall with a cow, he said,' What is a cow?' Yes: "This will be a clock." The king said,' Give it up! I can't bear to be swaddled. If I am innocent, I will die. "Yes:' But why use a clock? Yue:' What can be abolished? Trade sheep for them! Know nothing? "

Say, "Yes."

He said: "The heart is king. The people all love the king, and I know the king can't stand it. "

The king said, "Of course. There are sincere people. Although Qi is young, why do I love a cow? Just can't bear to be swaddled. If I am innocent, I will die, so I want to change sheep. "

He said: "The king and the people love him no different. Small is easy to be big, and evil is known? If Wang hides his innocence and dies, what about cattle and sheep? "

Wang smiled and said, "Why are you sincere? I must love its wealth. It is easy to use sheep, and it is appropriate for people to call me love. "

He said, "This is harmless, but it is a kind of technology. I can't see the sheep when I see the cow. A gentleman is to an animal, seeing its life, and can't bear to see its death; I can't bear to eat its meat when I hear its voice. Far cooking is also a gentleman. "

The king said, "The Book of Songs says,' If others have a heart, they can worry about it.' Master is also called. I did what I had to do, but I asked for it, not really. What the master said is of great concern to me. Why is this heart suitable for the king? "

Yue: "There was a gentleman who said,' I am strong enough to lift a hundred monarchs', not enough to lift a feather; Ming is enough to see the end of autumn', no salary, Wang Xu? "

Say, "No."

"This kind of elegance is enough to become a beast, but not a person. What is this? However, if you don't lift a feather, you won't exert yourself; If you can't see your salary, you don't need to be clear. If the people can't see it, you don't need kindness. Therefore, if the king is not king, he will not be king. "

Say, "What's the difference between what you don't do and what you won't do?"

Yue: "It is sincere not to cross the North Sea with Mount Tai. People say' I can't'. Folding branches for the elderly, people say' I can't', not for it, definitely not. Therefore, the king is not the king, not relying on Mount Tai to surpass the North Sea and so on; The king is not a king, but a broken branch or something.

I am old, and people are old; Young people, young people, young people. The world is in your hands.

The poem says:' The punishment is imposed on the widow, but as for the brothers, it is to protect the family.' I just added words to my heart. Therefore, kindness is enough to protect the whole world, but not kindness can't protect your wife. Ancient people were bigger than others because they were good at pushing themselves and others.

Today's kindness is enough for animals, but not enough for people. What's the only thing? Yes, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length. Everything is natural, and the heart is what it is. Wang, please measure it! Suppress Wang Xing's soldiers and dangerous officials, blame the governors, and then get along with them? "

The king said, "no, how can I be fast enough?" I will seek what I want. "

He said, "Can you smell the king's great desire?" Wang smiled and said nothing.

Yue: "Because the fat is not enough for the mouth and mouth? Light is not warm enough for body and body? Suppressing color selection is not enough by eyes and? Not enough sound? Isn't it enough to place an order before? All the ministers of the king are competent, but is the king right? "

Said, "No, I won't do it."

Said, "but do you know what the king wants?" If you want to expand your territory, you should go to Qin Chu, China and caress Siyi. If you want what you want, you can also get fish from wood. "

The king said, "What if it's good?"

Holmium: "It's almost nothing. You can't fish, but there is no disaster. Do what you want to do, do what you want to do, and do it wholeheartedly. There will be disasters afterwards. "

He said, "Can you hear me?"

He said, "Who does your majesty think will win the battle between Zou and Chu?"

Said: "Chu people win."

He said: "However, a small entity cannot be the enemy of a large entity, a small entity cannot be the enemy of many entities, and a weak entity cannot be the enemy of a strong entity. A place in the sea, thousands of miles away, there is one in the collection. Why is it different from Zou's enemy Chu Tsai? The cover is also the opposite.

Today, the king is in power and benevolent, so that all the officials in the world want to stand in the king's dynasty, all the cultivators want to plow in the king's fields, all the businessmen want to hide in the king's city, all the itineraries want to be drawn by the king, and all the people who want to get sick with their king want to stay in the king. If so, who can resist? "

The king said, "Sorry, I can't go in. May the master help me with my ambition and teach me to understand. Although I am not sensitive, please try. "

He said: "Only a scholar can become a persevering person without ceasing to produce. If people, there is no constant production, because there is no perseverance. Without perseverance, you will do whatever you want. It is a waste of people to be caught committing a crime and then punished. A benevolent person is in power, and there is no people.

Therefore, if a wise monarch controls the people's property, he can support his parents and wife, he can be satisfied with life in happy years, and he can avoid death in fierce years. Then drive away the good ones, and the people will be lenient. Today, people's property is also under control. It is not enough to serve their parents or adopt a wife. Happy years will be bitter for a lifetime, and unhappy years will inevitably lead to death. This is just to save lives, but I'm afraid I won't be able to support it. If the king wants to do it, he must be afraid.

Five acres of houses, trees for mulberry, fifty people can wear clothes; Chickens, dolphins and dogs are all domestic animals, so there is no time to waste. Seventy people can eat meat; One hundred acres of land, if you don't hurry, a family of eight can be hungry; I sincerely hope that the godson of the cult will be filial, and the winners will not be on the road. Old people eat meat and wear clothes and silk. Li people are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing. "

Precautions:

① Liang: Yes (400 BC-365438 BC+09 BC), posthumous title Hui. In 370 BC, his father succeeded to the throne, and nine years after he ascended the throne, he moved the capital from the old capital Anyi (now the north of Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province) to Daliang (now the northwest of Kaifeng in Henan Province), so it was also called Liang. ?

2 Jue: the elderly. ?

③ Yi: This means "only".

④ Soil Shu Ren: Soil and Shu Ren. Shu Ren is an ordinary person.

⑤ Cross expropriation: competing with each other. Sign and take it away. ?

6 kill: kill, kill Zun, and I kill the king, which is called killing.

⑦ 10,000 Rides, 1,000 Rides and 100 Rides: In ancient times, four-horse-drawn carts were called one ride, and the size of vassal states was measured by the number of carts.

8 Gou: If. ?

⑨ ⑦ (Yan): Satisfied. Legacy: abandonment, abandonment.

Translation:

Mencius visited Liang. Liang said, "old man, you really come from afar." You must have some good ideas for my country. " Mencius replied, "Your Majesty! Why talk about profits? Only talk about benevolence and righteousness.

The king said, "How does my country benefit?" The doctor said,' How can I benefit my family?' Ordinary people and ordinary people say,' how can I benefit myself?' As a result, the country is at stake!

In a country with 10 thousand personnel carriers, the person who killed its monarch must be a doctor with 1000 personnel carriers; In a country with/kloc-0.000 chariots, the person who killed its monarch must be a doctor with/kloc-0.000 chariots.

There are 1,000 of these doctors in countries with 10,000 vehicles and 100 in countries with 1,000 vehicles. They don't have much. However, if righteousness is put behind and benefit is put in front, they will never be satisfied until they win the status of monarch.

On the other hand, people who never talk about "benevolence" abandon their parents, and people who never give lectures ignore Wang. Therefore, the king only said benevolence and righteousness, why did he say profit? "

Mencius visited Liang. Standing by the pond, Liang looked back at the goose and reindeer and asked, "Does the wise monarch like this?"

Mencius replied: "A wise gentleman does not take this kind of entertainment as his primary pursuit, and an ignorant gentleman will not appreciate it even if he has it.

In the Book of Songs, it is said that the people will build a mourning platform and plan and arrange this matter. It has no fixed date. I don't intend to do it soon, and the people come to help like children. When King Wen arrived in Yue Ling, the doe lay quietly, with a fat figure and a huge white Bai Niao. King Wen came to Lingtai and jumped into the pool. "

Zhou Wenwang used the people's strength to build a mourning platform and dig a swamp, but the people were very happy. They called his platform Lingtai and his pond Lingbog. They are very happy that there are elk and fish turtles here. Ancient sages shared happiness with people, so they could really enjoy gardens and pools.

Tang Shi said: "When your sun dies, you and I will die (Xia Jie once compared himself to the sun). People want to die with Xia Jie. Even if there are birds and beasts on the high platform, can he enjoy it alone? "

Liang Huiwang said: "I really worked hard to manage Liang. When there was a famine in Hanoi, I moved people there to Hedong and transported food from Hedong to Hanoi. There is a famine in Hedong, so do it.

I have visited the politics of neighboring countries, and no one can be as dedicated as me. But the number of people in neighboring countries has not decreased, and my number has not increased. What is the reason? "

Mencius replied: "Your Majesty likes war, so please let me use war as an analogy. Drums were drumming, and at the touch of the gun tip, some soldiers threw down their armor and dragged their weapons back. Some people stop running a hundred paces, while others stop running fifty paces. Can those soldiers who run 50 paces laugh at those who run 100 paces? "

Hui Wangdao: "No, it's just that they didn't run a hundred paces, which is also an escape."

Mencius said: "If your majesty understands this truth, then don't expect people who are more than neighbors.

If the military corvee does not interfere with the season of agricultural production, the grain will be inexhaustible; If the fine net doesn't go fishing in the pond, fish and turtles will eat more; If you chop down trees in the mountains with an axe according to the season, there will be endless wood.

Food, fish and turtles can't be eaten up, and wood can't be used up. The people are born without regrets, and they are raised and buried. It is the beginning of kingliness that people have no regrets about being born, raised and buried. Give people five acres of homestead and plant mulberry trees, and those over 50 can wear silk.

Domestic animals, such as chickens, dogs and pigs, can be kept by the people at the right time, so people over 70 can eat meat. Each family has 100 mu of arable land, and the government does not interfere in their production season. Then, a few people in a family can stop being hungry.

Do a good job in the school and teach the people repeatedly on the principle of filial piety. Then, the gray-haired old man will not walk on the road by himself or with heavy objects. People over 70 years old have silk to wear and meat to eat, and ordinary people can't be hungry or frozen, so there has never been a situation where they can't practice kingship before.

Now in Liang, pigs and dogs from wealthy families have eaten the food of the people, but they are not constrained to stop it; There are people starving to death on the road, but they don't open the granary to help.

When the people died, they even said,' It's not my fault, it's because I was poor for several years.' What's the difference between this statement and killing someone with a knife and saying,' I didn't kill him but used a weapon'? If the king doesn't blame by 2008, then all the people in the world will go to Liang Guolai. "

Liang said to him, "I am willing to listen to your suggestion happily!" "

Mencius said, "What's the difference between killing people with sticks and knives?"

(Hui Wang) said, "There is no difference."

(Mencius asked again) "Is there a difference between killing with a knife and killing with political skills?"

(Hui Wang) said, "There is no difference."

(Mencius added:) "There is fat meat in the kitchen, strong horses in the fence, (while) people are starving, and Chen Zhe's body starved to death in the countryside, which (equals) leads wild animals to eat people together! Wild animals kill each other and devour each other, but people still hate it. As the parents of the people, they manage political affairs, but inevitably lead wild animals to eat people together. How can they be the parents of the people?

Kong Zhongni once said,' I'm afraid the first person who sacrificed clay figurines had no children?' It is precisely because the Terracotta Warriors resemble real people that they are used for martyrdom (imagine martyrdom with Terracotta Warriors is not allowed). How can these people starve to death alive? "

Liang said to him, "You always know that there is no country stronger than Wei. Now that I am in power, the East has been defeated by Qi, and even my eldest son has been killed. The west lost seven hundred miles to the west of the river and ceded Qin. The south was bullied by Chu.

I am ashamed of this and hope to avenge all the victims. What do you think I should do? "

Mencius replied: "In any small country in Fiona Fang, Fiona Fang, you can practice kingship in your own country. If your king is willing to be benevolent to the people, reduce punishment, pay less taxes, advocate intensive cultivation and weed in time, let healthy young people use their leisure time to strengthen their moral cultivation of filial piety, respect for their brothers and loyalty, and let them serve their fathers and brothers at home and respect their elders when they go out.

In this way, even with a stick in his hand, he can fight Qin Chujun with solid armor and sharp weapons.

They (Qin and Chu) invaded the farming season of the people, making it impossible for them to farm and support their parents. Parents are hungry and cold, and brothers and wives are separated. They made people suffer. If your majesty goes to crusade, who can compete with him? There is a saying:' benevolent people are invincible in the world.' Please don't hesitate to wander! "

......

Qi Xuanwang asked, "Can you tell me something about the hegemony between Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong in the Spring and Autumn Period?"

Mencius replied, "Confucius' students didn't talk about the hegemony of Qi Huangong and Jin Wengong, so they didn't pass it on to future generations, and I haven't heard of it. Your majesty, if I have to say it, why don't I talk about unifying the kings of the world with morality? "

King Xuan asked, "How can morality unify the world?"

Mencius said: "Everything is for the people to live and work in peace and contentment. Unifying the world in this way, no one can stop it. "

King Xuan said, "Can people like me make the people live and work in peace and contentment?"

Mencius said, "Yes." King Xuan said, "Why do you know I can?"

Mencius said, "I once heard Hu Bi tell me that one day, your majesty, someone was sitting in the main hall and passing by with a cow." When you saw it, you asked,' Where are you taking the cow?' The man who led the cow replied,' I'm going to kill the blood-collecting sacrificial bell'.

You said,' Let it go! I can't bear to watch it tremble with fear, just like being executed everywhere without guilt. "The cowherd asked,' So there is no bell sacrifice?' You said,' How can you not sacrifice the bell? Replace cattle with sheep! -I wonder if there is such a thing? "

King Xuan said, "There is such a thing."

Mencius said, "Your Majesty is kind and can rule the world. When others hear about this, they think you are stingy, but I know you are not stingy, but because you can't bear it. "

Xuan Wang said, "Yes, some people do think so. However, although we are small, how can I be too stingy to part with a cow? I really can't bear to watch it tremble with fear, just like being sentenced to death without guilt, so I replaced it with a sheep. "

Mencius said, "Your Majesty, don't blame the people for thinking that you are stingy. They only see you use a little sheep, not a big cow. How can they know the meaning? What's more, the king pities it without sin. What's the difference between a cow and a sheep? "

Jing Xuan smiled and said, "Yes, I don't even know what kind of psychology it is. It is true that I don't spare money to replace cattle with sheep, but people do have their reasons for thinking so. "

Mencius said, "Never mind. Your majesty doesn't want to be kind, just because you saw the cow with your own eyes and didn't see the sheep. A gentleman can't bear to die when he sees birds and beasts alive; I can't bear to eat their meat when I hear their whining. Therefore, gentlemen always stay away from the kitchen. "

Mencius said, "People want to jump into the North Sea with Mount Tai, which means,' I can't.' This is really impossible. When a man is asked to rub his arm for an old man, he tells people,' I can't do it. This is unwilling to do, not impossible.

Your majesty, you have not unified the world with morality. You don't belong to the category of leaping over the North Sea with Mount Tai, but to the category of rubbing your hands for the elderly. "Respect your own old people, and by extension, respect others' old people; Take care of your children, and by extension, take care of other people's children. If you do this, the whole world will be as easy to govern as running in the palm of your hand.

The Book of Songs says:' Set an example for your wife first, then pass it on to your brothers, then to your family and to your country.' I'm talking about spreading my heart to others. Therefore, Ender's ascension is enough to stabilize the world. If you don't promote Ender, you can't even protect your wife and children.

The reason why ancient sages were far superior to others was that they were good at popularizing their good behavior. Now, your majesty, your kindness can be given to animals, but not to ordinary people. Why?

"You don't know the weight until you weigh it, and you don't know the length until you measure it. Everything is like this, especially the heart. Your majesty, please think about it! Do you really want to mobilize the national army, or do soldiers risk their lives to be enemies of other countries, so that you will be happy? "

King Xuan said, "No, why should I be happy when I do this?" ? I just want to realize my greatest wish. "

Extended data:

The Classic Sentences in Mencius' A Visit to King Huiliang

1, I am old, and people are old; Young people, young people, young people.

Analysis: When we support and honor our elders, we should not forget other elderly people who are not related to ourselves. When we raise and educate our children, we should not forget other children who are not related to ourselves.

"Old people are old, old people are old, young people are young, young people are young." This is related to Confucius' understanding of the world of great harmony: "An old friend is both a relative and an only son, so that the old can have an end, the young can be useful, and the widowed and lonely can be raised." Our thoughts come down in one continuous line, all of which are exhortations and demands. We should have a loving heart in life.

2, yes, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length.

Analysis: only when you weigh it with a scale can you know the weight; Measure it with a ruler and you will know the length. It means that only when you experience everything yourself can you have a deeper understanding.

3. People who enjoy the people enjoy themselves; People have their worries, and people have their worries.

Brief analysis: people who regard people's happiness as their own happiness will also be happy because of your happiness; He who worries about others will also worry about others because of your worries (people will be of one mind with you).

4. Benevolence is invincible.

A brief analysis: a king who practices benevolent policies is bound to win the support of the people; United as one, United as one, invincible.

For example, Sun Tzu's Art of War says that "those who share the same desire win". The implementation of benevolent government is the "cause" and the same desire is the "result". In other words, the implementation of benevolent government is the only way to achieve "the same desire up and down"

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-Mencius' famous saying