Clenbuterol will remain in animal products when used. The chemical properties of this substance are stable and cannot be destroyed by general heating treatment methods. After eating animal products containing a large amount of clenbuterol residues, people will have dizziness, blushing, rapid heartbeat, chest tightness, palpitation and other symptoms within 15-20 minutes, which is extremely harmful to people's health. "Clenbuterol" remains high in the internal organs of animals such as liver, lung, kidney and spleen. People who ingest the "Clenbuterol" residue in food will have a rapid heartbeat, palpitations, chest tightness, involuntary trembling, inability to stand, muscle tremor in limbs, dizziness and fatigue, and even death. Its chronic characteristics will lead to precocious puberty in children.
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Chinese name
Clenbuterol; Clenbuterol; Clenbuterol hydrochloride; This is an antiasthmatic drug. The drug is neither a veterinary drug nor a feed additive, but an adrenal nerve stimulant. Dichloropropanol amine hydrochloride; Cough asthma element; Methotrexate; Ambutero; Ammonia dichlorochuantong; Amine dichloride alcohol amine.
English name
Clenbuterol; Spironodine; Planibartnab 3654-amino-3,5-dichloro-α-((1,1- dimethyl ethyl) amino) methyl) benzyl alcohol; Si Nuo. : 37 148-27-9
Molecular formula: c12-h18-Cl2-N2-O.
Physical and chemical characteristics
White or off-white crystalline powder, odorless, bitter in taste, melting point 16 1℃, soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in acetone and insoluble in ether.
test method
GB/T 5009. 192-2003 determination of clenbuterol residues in animal food
The first method: GC-ms.
The second method: high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
The third method: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA screening method), such as produced by Beijing Anbiwei Antibody Technology Co., Ltd.
Clenbuterol ELISA rapid detection kit
use
Clenbuterol is a β2 receptor agonist. In the early 1980s, an American company began to add it to feed to improve the lean meat rate. However, if it is used as a feed additive, the dosage is more than 10 times of that of human medicine, and the effect of improving lean meat rate can be achieved. Large dosage, long time and slow metabolism, so there are a lot of residues in pigs from slaughter to market. This residue enters the human body through food, gradually poisoning the human body and accumulating poisoning. If the intake is too large at a time, it will produce abnormal physiological reaction poisoning, so it is forbidden. Regardless of the regulations of the Ministry of Agriculture, domestic pig farmers mix lean meat into their feed in order to fatten pork. After eating pigs, it can promote the synthesis of protein, accelerate the transformation and decomposition of fat and improve the lean meat rate of pork, so it is called lean meat essence.
Introduction to toxicology
Clenbuterol can stimulate β2- receptor, stimulate the heart for a long time and dilate bronchial smooth muscle. It is easier to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration. 20-40 micrograms/time, 3 times/day; Children over 5 years old 5-20μg/ time, 3 times/day. Human (female) oral TDLo: 4600 ng/kg. LD50: 27600 μ g/kg of vein in LD50 mice.
clinical picture
1. Acute poisoning includes palpitation, facial and neck muscle tremor, hand shaking and even inability to stand, dizziness and fatigue. Patients with original arrhythmia are more likely to react, such as tachycardia, premature ventricular contractions, ECG showing S-T segment depression and T wave inversion.
2. The above symptoms are more likely to occur in patients with hyperthyroidism, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and hyperthyroidism.
3. Combined with glucocorticoid can cause hypokalemia, which leads to arrhythmia.
4. Repeated use will produce tolerance, weaken the effect on bronchiectasis and shorten the duration. Although the residual toxicity of clenbuterol is light, the FDA research shows that people who use sympathomimetic drugs or are allergic to prodrugs have more serious reactions to clenbuterol than normal healthy people.
The FDA is worried that illegal use of clenbuterol may lead to illness or death of workers who produce this drug. The FDA pointed out that the impact of occupational inhalation of clenbuterol on cardiovascular system may be more harmful than food intake, but it needs further confirmation.
Emergency treatment
1. After oral administration, gastric lavage and infusion are carried out to promote the discharge of poisons.
2. Under ECG monitoring and electrolyte determination, cardioprotective drugs such as fructose-6- diphosphate (FDP) and beta1-receptor blocker betaloc were used.
[Edit this paragraph] Prevention methods
1. Control the source, strengthen the publicity of laws and regulations, and prohibit the doping of clenbuterol in feed.
2. Strengthen the inspection of pork in the market.
3. Consumers should choose some fat meat (1-2cm) when buying pork, and the color should not be too bright red. Pig viscera is not suitable for eating because of lean meat residue.
[Edit this paragraph] Clenbuterol hydrochloride
Clenbuterol is a β-stimulant, which can improve the lean meat rate of several domestic animals, including pigs, when added to feed.
Clenbuterol is well absorbed in livestock and human body, and its bioavailability is high compared with other β-stimulants, so that eating pork containing Clenbuterol causes poisoning. Zimmer( 1976) confirmed that 20 μg of 14C- clenbuterol hydrochloride was taken orally. At the peak concentration, protoclenbuterol in plasma accounts for 75% of the total amount of 14C- clenbuterol hydrochloride. The fact that clenbuterol has high bioavailability is very important for estimating the amount of clenbuterol obtained from tissues containing clenbuterol. The content of clenbuterol in animal tissues that cause human poisoning varies greatly. Martinez-Navarro( 1990) reported that the residue of clenbuterol in calf liver was161~ 291ppb, and Pulce et al. (19 1) reported that clenbuterol in calf liver. In addition, Maistro et al. (1995) reported that the residue of clenbuterol in calf muscle was 500 ppb.
Adding Ppm clenbuterol to pig feed promotes growth, and human consumption of pig liver or pig lung is enough to cause poisoning. There is no official institution in the world to approve clenbuterol as a feed additive to promote animal growth.