Manchu traditional health care experience is a summary of Manchu ancestors' experience in advocating nature, adapting to the environment, preventing and treating diseases and maintaining life and health in their long-term production and life. Its main feature is that it pays attention to daily maintenance and disease prevention, does not need alchemy and elixir, pays attention to both conditioning and treatment, and pays attention to tonic, dietotherapy and exercise health care. With Manchu national characteristics and cultural customs.
In the Qing Dynasty, Manchu emperors and royal families brought the long-term production and life practice of Manchu working people, their understanding of disease prevention and health care, the food culture of "relying on mountains to eat, relying on water to eat", simple and pragmatic living habits, the cultural customs of northern nationalities and the traditional health care experience accumulated by Manchu ancestors into the Qing court, and they continued to develop in the court.
In the history of China, emperors of all dynasties pursued immortality, took more pills to prolong life, and even wanted to become immortals. Qin Shihuang sent Han Zhong and Xu Fu to lead a huge expedition to find the elixir of life. The alchemists in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the emperors in the Tang Dynasty advocated alchemy and taking pills. Ge Hong was good at alchemy in Jin Dynasty, and he wrote Bao Puzi, which discussed the truth and method of alchemy. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there was an alchemy room in the palace. Emperor Jiajing once devoted himself to cultivating alchemy in order to live forever. However, he never reached the desire of health and longevity, and even died young because of taking Dan medicine.
The Medical Records of the Qing Court completely recorded the detailed files of the medical affairs and daily life of Manchu emperors and nobles in the Qing court in 28 1 year, but did not record the alchemy of the court and the taking of Dan medicine by royal nobles. A large number of medical records prove that Manchu emperors have continued the traditional health care customs of Manchu and inherited the experience and methods of health care, which are rich in content, mainly focusing on tonifying and prolonging life, and mainly on conditioning. Methods Diet conditioning, tonifying and prolonging life, prescription, medicinal liquor, "soaking" ginseng, soup bath, exercise and so on.
In the long-term production and life, Manchu people have accumulated experience in medicine tonic and health care, and there are many methods. Manchu traditional medical conditioning and medicated diet are widely used in the court. There are a lot of health care prescriptions in the palace. Kangxi, Qianlong, Cixi and other health products commonly used by Manchu emperors and nobles, such as Bazhen cake, Guilingji, Qiongyu cream, Songling wine and other preparations, have different tastes and characteristics. Whether it is prescription or liquor, it is important to replenish the spleen and stomach, strengthen the body, or replenish essence and marrow. It is mostly used for spleen and stomach weakness, deficiency of both qi and blood, congenital deficiency, acquired excessive injury, deficiency and cold of lower body, soreness of waist and knees, etc. Among them, ginseng, velvet antler, poria cocos, yam and other traditional Manchu medicinal materials are widely used, which inherits the traditional Manchu medicine tonic and health care methods.
Manchu ancestors are famous for hunting, which can be described as "people on horseback". In the cold north of our country, Manchu ancestors resisted and adapted to the cold and harsh natural environment, and gradually created some unique sports health preservation methods in production, life and war. Manchu's long hunting tradition has cast its strong and brave character. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, Manchu ancestors developed "step shooting" into riding shooting, which was the best way to activate bones and muscles, dredge qi and blood and keep fit. "Riding and shooting" became a "national custom" in the Jin and Qing Dynasties.
Hunting is a compulsory course for Manchu emperors. In the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong followed the motto of his grandfather Emperor Kangxi, "Study hard". For decades, he insisted on walking around every year, cooperating with patrols, observing people's feelings, supervising officials' management, exercising and promoting health. Manchu people have inherited the experience of exercise and health preservation from generation to generation. According to "China Palace Medicine", "Empress Dowager Cixi often walks up and down in her bedroom after dinner, and sometimes asks He Li to accompany her to the second watch."
In the long-term life practice, Manchu ancestors gradually concluded that soaking food or medicinal materials in water or boiling them into tea can not only quench thirst, but also prevent diseases. This kind of tea has become a common drink for Manchu people. Manchu people still have the custom of soaking Schisandra chinensis, ginseng, chrysanthemum, medlar, hawthorn and mother-in-law in water for daily drinking to prevent diseases and keep fit. In Qing Dynasty, Manchu people improved the methods of making and using traditional drinks, and made various tea substitutes with therapeutic and health-care functions.
There are many kinds of tea drinks in Qing Dynasty, which are widely used. Some of them are used for diet therapy, rest after illness, and even for the rescue of critically ill patients. Tea substitutes are used in all subjects in the palace, including internal, external, women and children. Tea substitute is highly respected in the court because of its small prescription and good taste, which is easily accepted by people in the court. Emperors, concubines and princes all served. For example, floating wheat, wolfberry bark, bamboo leaves instead of tea, soup instead of tea, nourishing the spirit instead of tea, clearing heat instead of tea, and Shen Ling instead of tea. The preparation of various tea substitutes is also very fine, focusing on efficiency, convenience and practicality. Medical books in the Qing Dynasty recorded a large number of cases in which the court used tea substitutes. Substituting tea became a major feature of court medical treatment in Qing Dynasty.
Manchu ancestors summed up unique health care experience and culture in long-term life practice, such as dieting, soaking ginseng, sitting in soup and so on. Manchu's unique health care method was handed down in the Qing court.
Two meals a day, moderate diet.
Manchu follows the ancestral training, "saints" eat two meals a day, and adhere to the healthy concept of moderate diet. In the Qing Dynasty, with the continuous progress of society and the exchange and integration of advanced culture between Manchu and the Central Plains, many folk customs and living habits were constantly changed, but Manchu still continued the habit of eating two meals a day and eating moderately.
The history books recorded the cases that Emperor Kangxi and Empress Dowager Cixi of Qing Dynasty ate two meals a day and went on a diet. According to the medical records of the Qing dynasty, "saints eat twice a day" and "Zhang Wenduan and Jiuqing play a prayer for rain". The views of the Holy Father are sparse. Yue: ... Erhan, three meals a day, drinking at night, I have two meals a day. When we started from the Great Wall, there was an eclipse. Now our fourteenth brother is leading troops outside, too. Sheng Zuyun: ... I just eat blindly. Eat chicken, eat chicken, eat sheep, don't eat or taste, and the rest are rewards. Seventy-year-olds should not eat salty things, eat rice at night, sleep at night, and don't read books under the lamp. It will do me good to do it for a long time. "
Emperor Kangxi, the sage of the Qing Dynasty, paid attention to food hygiene and ate two meals a day, each with only one kind of food. Warn the elderly not to eat too much salt, sauce and salty food, not to eat at night, to go to bed on time at night, and not to read under the lamp. Emperor Kangxi believes that his personal health care experience is beneficial to his health for a long time. According to China Palace Medicine, "Empress Dowager Cixi abides by the ancestral system, with two meals a day and two meals ..." Emperor Kangxi and Empress Dowager Cixi inherited the traditional health care experience of the Manchu people, and now the Manchu people still retain the eating habit of two meals during the solar eclipse.
"melting ginseng" to strengthen the body
Changbai Mountain in Northeast China is rich in ginseng, alias "Banghammer" and full name "Omida". Ginseng is a specialty of Changbai Mountain where Manchu people gather. In the production and life practice, Manchu ancestors found that ginseng (wild ginseng) can greatly replenish qi and blood and bring back the dead, and is regarded as a miracle medicine to save lives. Manchu people have worshipped and applied ginseng for generations. Ginseng is known as the first of the "Three Treasures of Kanto". Whenever Manchu ancestors entered Changbai Mountain to collect ginseng, they held a ceremony of offering sacrifices to mountain gods and ginseng. This custom has been preserved to this day.
There are many records about ginseng in Changbai Mountain in Northeast China in historical documents. Manchu people have a long history of using ginseng, and they have rich experience in the collection, processing, processing, storage and use of ginseng, and there are many methods. As early as the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Manchu ancestors presented Northeast Ginseng to the ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, a large number of northeast ginseng flowed into the Central Plains. In the post-Nurhachi period, ginseng trade flourished. Collecting ginseng and ginseng trade used to be an important industry for economic development at that time.
Because ginseng is easy to rot and deteriorate during storage and transportation, it seriously affects the trade and use of ginseng. Nurhachi invented the method of steaming fresh ginseng into red ginseng, which solved the problem that ginseng was easy to rot and deteriorate during storage and transportation, and promoted the development and application of ginseng economy. Manchu people have been using ginseng for a long time, thinking that it can replenish vitality, improve intelligence, promote fluid production to quench thirst, soothe the nerves, get rid of diseases and delay aging. Eating ginseng in daily life can strengthen the body, treat patients and preserve health and prolong life. Traditionally, Manchu people eat ginseng by stewing, frying, boiling and melting. Or ginseng can be added into food, made into decoction, or made into medicated wine.
Manchu emperors in Qing dynasty brought the application experience of ginseng to the palace, and used ginseng to replenish qi and blood, benefit qi and prolong life. In daily life, a convenient and practical method of "melting" ginseng is adopted. Melting is melting, melting. It is an edible method of slowly dissolving drugs in the mouth or chewing with the mouth. According to the medical records of the Qing palace, many people in the Qing emperor and court used ginseng in large quantities. In the pulse of the emperor and queen, few people don't take ginseng. In the Qing Dynasty, Manchu emperors and the royal family took ginseng for several years in a row and used the method of soaking ginseng for a long time to nourish their bodies.
Sit in soup for health, strengthen muscles and bones.
The Manchu people keep in good health with soup, that is, hot spring bath and soup spring therapy, which is one of the earliest traditional methods of keeping in good health for Manchu people. Manchu ancestors lived in Heilongjiang and Changbai Mountain in the northeast of China for a long time, with a vast territory and a cold climate. There are many hot springs in Changbai Mountain area, and the spring water contains a lot of sulfur, various minerals and trace elements, which is very beneficial to human health. Manchu people have long known how to use the natural environment for medical care and advocate the method of washing hot springs to treat diseases and strengthen the body. I have accumulated experience in sitting time, dietary requirements, matters needing attention, and how to obtain the effect of sitting soup. Old Manchu files and other related historical materials and files are recorded.
In the Qing Dynasty, the emperors and nobles regarded "sitting soup" as a health care method, which was respected and continued in the court. There are many records about the residence and pulse condition of emperors such as Kangxi. Kangxi spoke highly of sitting soup therapy. He said: "The method of sitting in soup is the most popular in Manchuria, Mongolia and North Korea, so I know it in detail." Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty went to Tangshan to make soup many times, and accompanied the Empress Dowager and sourdrang dowager to make soup in Tangquan.
Today, hot spring bathing is still very popular. Scientific research has fully affirmed that hot spring bath therapy has the functions of dredging meridians, regulating viscera and activating qi and blood. Soaking in hot springs can eliminate fatigue, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis, reduce swelling and relieve pain, dispel wind and cold, and nourish the whole body. It is simple and easy to operate, and has become an effective therapy for people to prevent and treat diseases.
Several emperors in the early Qing Dynasty were good at horseback riding, archery and martial arts. The longevity emperor of Manchu has the following characteristics: observing the ancestral system, maintaining a good mentality, being diligent and enterprising, living a regular life and exercising moderately. Another important health care method is diet therapy. Dietotherapy in Manchu diet customs is deeply loved by people. It is the dietary custom formed by Manchu ancestors' resistance to nature and adaptation to the living environment, which has nurtured the prosperity of Manchu and the people of all ethnic groups in Northeast China for thousands of years.
After the Manchu entered the customs, Manchu food culture was brought to the Qing court with the Manchu emperor. Traditional Manchu folk foods, such as soybeans, honey, deer products, pine nuts, medlar, yam, lotus seeds, hawthorn and other ingredients and medicinal materials entered the court. Dietotherapy with Manchu folk traditional characteristics was passed down and applied in the court. In the palace, diet is combined with disease prevention and treatment as an auxiliary method for disease prevention and health care.
The traditional medicinal diet of Manchu and the method of food supplement used to treat diseases can't be compared with it in past dynasties. Manchu emperors in Qing Dynasty advocated health care, and adopted the traditional medical care experience of Manchu in the court, such as "emotional adjustment", "taking ginseng", "sitting in soup", medicated diet, drug conditioning, exercise health care and other methods, which comprehensively inherited and developed the traditional health care experience and cultural customs of Manchu people and provided valuable reference materials for people's health care today.
Emperor Kangxi, the third son of Fu Lin, the ancestor of the Qing Dynasty, was born in Ren Jing Palace on May 4th, 1654. Because the year was called "Kangxi", he was called "Emperor Kangxi", at the age of 69, and his life expectancy ranked second among the Qing emperors. Kangxi took less medicine all his life, so he was able to live a closed-door life and have his own set of fitness techniques. His health care experience, according to the "Eight Banners Tongzhi Imperial Decree", Kangxi "has two meals a day, and he doesn't eat anything else outside, so it's useless to smoke, drink and betel nut".
No tonic, no massage. Therefore, compared with Ming Taizu, Kangxi took frugality, abstinence, riding and shooting, and broad-mindedness as the main means to prolong life. He loves to travel around the world, write poems and go boating all his life, which is also the main reason for his long life.
Emperor Qianlong's name is Li Hong. He ascended the throne at the age of 29 and has been in office for more than 60 years. He is now 89 years old. He is the oldest emperor in the history of China and the representative of Manchu emperors who pay attention to health preservation. I have a deep understanding of health care and am good at adjusting my daily life, mood, behavior and diet from time to time. The combination of mental health, exercise and fitness, diet conditioning and drug bait tonic has reached a high level of health care. Emperor Qianlong spent his whole life with an open mind, paying attention to personal care, insisting on hunting and fitness, often cruising, having a wide range of interests, making good use of medicine and food for health care, and systematically practicing the experience of health care.
Emperor Qianlong paid great attention to diet recuperation and inherited the traditional diet culture of Manchu people. His favorite foods all his life, such as dishes and bean products made of tofu in Northeast China, favorite edible wild vegetables such as mushrooms and bracken, radish, honey, venison, pig's trotters, pigskin, ducks and other foods, often eat millet porridge to regulate the spleen and stomach, which is widely eaten by Manchu people. He pays attention to diet conditioning, taking honey, preventing diseases and prolonging life. Emperor Qianlong was only 37 years old and took honey to nourish his body.
In the archives of the Qing palace, there is a menu of the emperor's dinner on October 1, the twelfth year of Qianlong. There are bird's nest duck, shredded deer, roasted meat, pork and mutton for sacrifice, and … honey and … sweet-scented osmanthus radish. Honey is a famous dietotherapy for delaying aging. Radish can promote qi circulation and digestion, remove greasy food, soothe the spleen and stomach, and has a reasonable diet structure and health care function.
Emperor Qianlong took medicine for health care. His favorite health care drugs in his life are: ginseng, Bazhen cake, Guilingji and so on. Emperor Qianlong ate Bazhen cake to keep fit. Bazhen cake consists of Ginseng Radix, Poria, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Coicis Semen, Euryales Semen, Lentils and white sugar. Gan Long takes Guilingji to tonify the kidney and strengthen the body. Guilingji is composed of 365,438+0 kinds of drugs, such as Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Lycii, Green Salt, Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Sek Yin-Tsi, Red Dragonfly, Clerodendrum parvum and Purple Flower. It is refined by a special method, and the purple color is purple. Supply 5% yellow rice wine.
Empress Dowager Cixi was born in the 15th year of Guangxu during Daoguang period. In the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu, she ascended to heaven in a Luan Hall at the age of 74. Empress dowager cixi's way of keeping in good health;
First, pay attention to psychological adjustment and have a wide range of interests.
Second, rich nutrition and timely treatment.
The third is to persist in activities and travel.
Fourth, pay attention to hygiene and love beauty.
Manchu emperors in Qing Dynasty attached great importance to keeping fit through drinking and dietotherapy. Medical books in Qing Dynasty recorded the Manchu emperors' practice of inheriting Manchu traditional dietotherapy, and the imperial doctors paid attention to maintaining stomach qi and promoting physical recovery by dietotherapy. The Palace Pulse Case records a large number of cases in which Empress Dowager Cixi advocated dietotherapy. Cixi's spleen and stomach are weak, and she nourishes her stomach with diet therapy. According to the pulse case, Cixi's spleen and stomach were weak, and her stool was irregular. loose stool cooked porridge with astragalus, yam and lotus seeds.
Summing up the health-keeping rules of Manchu longevity emperors, it is worth studying that besides keeping a happy mood, eating and living well, often bending bow and practicing martial arts, bathing in soup springs, it is also worth taking nourishing and longevity prescriptions frequently. The Manchu people's long-term experience in applying ginseng in the folk can naturally prolong life by harmonizing qi and blood, tonifying qi and blood and strengthening the body. The continuation and application of Manchu traditional health care experience in the Qing court gradually developed Manchu traditional health care experience, which provided a reference case for modern people to establish correct, reasonable and scientific health care concepts and eating habits, and enriched China's food culture. Some people have made a preliminary summary of the health care experience of centenarians, and think that the conditions for delaying aging mainly include
(1) Good mentality.
② Strong will
② Regular lifestyle
④ Moderate labor
⑤ Reasonable nutrition
⑥ Beautiful environment
⑦ Seek medical attention in time.
In the Qing dynasty, Manchu emperors who lived for a long time all had these health-preserving conditions, and at the same time they also had the health-preserving characteristics of their own nation. In a word, the traditional health care experience of Manchu court and various methods of anti-aging and prolonging life are also of great significance to the study of China ancient culture.