The ancients have long studied the problem of weight. For example, Huangdi Neijing said: "Fat and noble people must stick to the disease of the beam."
Lingshu: "People have fat, ointment and meat", and he said: "The three are turbid in blood and slippery in gas." The ancients also said that "fatty phlegm is wet and qi is deficient".
This concept is quite modern. As for what tools to use ~ ~ ~ there probably won't be such a special scale now. The ancient people's weighing method was very fluid. Remember the story of "weighing an elephant"? Elephants can be weighed by boats and stones.
It should be easier to weigh people. As for weights and measures, they should be consistent with the units of measurement prevailing in society at that time.
In ancient times, there were no hard and fast rules about weight. You think that in a country with inconvenient transportation and vast territory, even coins can't be completely unified, let alone such a trivial matter as weight. Every dynasty has different standards of beauty. For example, the flying swallow in the Han Dynasty is said to be light enough to dance on the palm of your hand, and Yang Guifei in the Tang Dynasty is an extreme representative. How can it be difficult to set a standard? Ancient medicine was not as systematic as it is now. I don't seem to have heard the health standard accurate to the weight ratio in my memory.
2. Classical satirical poems and ancient poems
First of all, the stylus
Wen Yingjiang, a famous scholar in the late Qing Dynasty [1874- 1950] once wrote a humorous poem called "Ode to Truth". The whole poem is called Yongzhen, which is actually ironic, but the people in the poem don't mention irony at all. Even so, even if you are a lout, you can understand at a glance what kind of person this poem satirizes.
stylus
Wenyingjiang
A thousand hammers and a needle,
Inverted, inverted,
Eyes grow in * * *,
Only clothes, no one.
Mr Wen Yingjiang, who wrote this poem, was born in the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874) and paid tribute in the late Qing dynasty. When I was young, my family was poor and I was angry to study. My parents worked hard to save money in Panlong Temple. His poems are great, and his calligraphy is strange. He ranked first in the Tongchuan satrap exam, and the magistrate approved his paper and said, "The literary reform is the same as the prosperity, and the word is ugly in eight counties." In the twenty-eighth year of Guangxu, the province tried to pay tribute, Xuantongyuan years, entered the imperial examination in Beijing, and won the official book. After Xinhai, he returned to his hometown to live in seclusion and made a living by teaching and selling documents. On one occasion, the commander of the garrison came to visit and talked about Liu's love for the thatched cottage and asked him to enter the curtain. Wen declined "I am a legacy of my country and don't want to change my life for others" and died at the age of 76 in 1. He lived a miserable, aloof, humorous and cynical life, and wrote an epitaph saying: "Don't pour water on the wind, don't be enemies of fame and religion, and don't be happy."
Second, the writings of Jie Jin, a scholar of Hanlin in Ming Dynasty.
The reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow; Bamboo shoots in the mountains have a thick mouth and an empty stomach.
Third, "Bo Qinhuai" Du Mu, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty
Smoke cage cold moon cage yarn, night near Qinhuai restaurant. Strong women in business don't know the hate of national subjugation, but they still sing "Flowers bloom * * *" across the river.
Fourth, Li Shen, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, wrote Two Peasants' Poems.
In spring, as long as you sow a seed, you can harvest a lot of food in autumn. There is no waste of heaven and earth, and the toiling peasants are still starving to death.
Yuefu folk songs are literati, but they don't know books. Cha Xiaolian, father separated. Cold element is as naive as mud, and high soldiers are as timid as chickens.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) Miscellaneous Notes Dong Yingju, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry in Ming Dynasty.
A small official is a big official, and the meaning in the song is happy. If you can do this, you won't be a dutiful son.
Six, "Egret" Northern Song Dynasty poet Tang Geng
Speaking of egrets in front of the door, you must also know from now on. The gentleman intends to get rid of the party, while Party A and Party B beg for fear of the monarch.
Seven, "Liaozhai" new singing method
You fight corruption, he fights corruption,
Emotion, joy and sadness-come to mind together.
Don't be surprised, don't be surprised,
Five children get into the theme-always cuter than clean.
Commenting in front of the stage, making bad money behind the scenes,
A little solemn, a little hypocritical, a little firm, a little erratic,
Who can solve this mystery?
Eight, Wang Changling.
Bright moon in Qin dynasty, bright moon in Han dynasty.
The Long March hasn't come back yet.
But Dragon City will fly in,
Don't teach Huma to climb the Yinshan Mountain.
This is a satirical poem that contrasts the past with the present. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Tang Dynasty, foreigners fought with Tang Jun on the border many times. In order to consolidate the border defense, the imperial court constantly recruited soldiers from the mainland and went to the border to fight. However, the war was protracted, and Tang Jun suffered from repeated wars. The poet believes that one of the important reasons is that the generals are incompetent and the court employs improper people. So he wrote this poem and satirized it gently.
Nine, part of the chapter in The Book of Songs, "Hunan Mouse"
"Rats have skins, people have no instrument. If a person doesn't look his face squarely, he might as well die. Rats have skin and teeth, but people have no end. A man without virtue should not wait for death. Rats have skins and bodies, but people are rude. If people are rude, Hu will not die? " Anonymous: "The king of Wu is a good swordsman, and the people are scarred. The king of Chu had a thin waist and starved to death in his palace. " It has become an idiom, and it has spread to this day, showing its strong vitality and wide spread.
3. Words to describe the weight crossing the river.
An endless stream, people coming and going, empty lanes, bustling.
A sea of people, a sea of people, many people pushing each other, a steady stream of people flocked to the market.
be swarmed with people
(of a person) sweating
Noisy sound
Ant collection and bee collection
Crowds, swarming in.
A sea of people jostled shoulder to shoulder, flowing in an endless stream, waving sleeves into clouds, and the empty alleys were crowded with people, bustling with people coming and going.
An endless stream, people coming and going, empty alleys, bustling crucian carp crossing the river.
Swing your sleeves into the clouds
1 by the mountains and the sea.
Describe how crowded people are.
2 acromioclavicular joint
People touch each other shoulder to shoulder and their sleeves intersect. Describe how crowded people are.
3 shoulder overlap
Shoulders together, footprints overlap. Describe many people
4 overlapping heels side by side
Describe many people. Stack heels, toes on heels.
5 shoulder-to-shoulder heels
Side by side, heel and foot. Describe how crowded people are.
6. Speech is English.
Too many speakers? Don. It's a big mouth.
4. Your weight They decided to see the answer. They decide your weight.
If you have ever fought obesity, you should know very well that the victory of this war depends on diet, exercise and heredity. There is a simple reason. The more you eat and the less you move, the fatter you will be. In this equation, individual genes play a key role. But scientists have long known that these three factors are not enough to explain the cause of obesity, and the fourth important factor has attracted more and more attention of researchers, although people find that they are neglected: your intestinal bacteria.
Their scientific name is: intestinal microbial community. The number of these tiny bacteria living in human intestines exceeds one billion billion, and a large part of their members are anaerobic bacteria-they can survive without oxygen.
One of the functions of these microorganisms is to regulate the heat absorbed by the human body from food and store fat. In other words, they can regulate the weight of the host. The researchers found that the type and balance of these intestinal microorganisms is the key to determine the obesity and slimness of human body, so people's weight can be changed by adjusting the number of microbial communities.
Studies on mice show that there are obvious differences in the types and quantities of bacteria in the intestines of obese and emaciated people. The number of thick-walled bacteria in obese mice is much higher than that of Bacillus. In normal weight mice, the situation is just the opposite. Although there are many kinds of bacteria in human body, 90% of them belong to two kinds of bacteria-Bacteroides and Firmicutes. Among them, thick-walled fungi can lead to obesity, while bacteroides can decompose polysaccharides such as cellulose that can't be digested by human body, provide nutrition for the host and provide food for itself and other bacteria in the intestine. In other words, if there are more Bacteroides in your body than antibacterial drugs, then you are an enviable figure.
How does human diet affect the number and species of intestinal fungi? The researchers fed mice different kinds of food, one of which was a typical western food with high fat and sugar. Mice that "enjoy" western food tend to gain weight: there are more thick-walled fungi in the intestine and less bacteroides. In the other group, mice fed low-fat and low-sugar diets had less scleroderma and more bacteroides. Most of these mice lost weight.
At present, it is not sure who caused the changes in intestinal flora and weight, but the above findings can help us judge whether your constitution is easy to be obese. Gordon's team's experiments show that by adjusting the diet structure, we can change the types and quantities of bacteria in the intestine, better digest new foods and change our weight. Taking mice as an example, if the diet of long-term low-fat mice is changed to high-fat western-style diet, the number of scleroderma in the intestines of these mice will increase greatly in less than one day. However, in previous studies, the absorption of intestinal tract by Firmicutes was often ignored by scientists.
This discovery will help researchers finally identify fungi, so as to write recipes for intestinal fungi that affect people's obesity and thinness. This can help people to detect or control the calorie intake of the body.
1. Briefly summarize the explanation center of this article. (2 points)
2. Analyze the expressive function of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph from the perspective of interpretation methods. (3 points)
3. The following statement is completely consistent with the content of this article () (3 points)
A researcher found that people's weight can be changed by adjusting the types and numbers of microbial communities.
B The function of intestinal microbial community is to regulate the heat absorbed by human body from food and store fat.
C experiment showed that the mice with weight gain had less scleroderma in the intestine, but more bacteroides. There are more thick-walled fungi and less bacteroides in the intestines of mice with weight loss.
D The research results have confirmed that the changes of intestinal flora and body weight are both the cause and the result.
4. What should overweight people do if they want to lose weight? Please explain it with the content of the article. (2 points)
Answer:
1. Human body weight is determined by intestinal microbial community. (or: intestinal microbial community can regulate people's weight. )
2. Using the explanation method of column number (and classification), it is accurately and concretely explained that Bacteroides and Cladosporium are the most important fungi among many fungi in human body.
3.A
4. Because by adjusting the diet structure, we can change the kind and quantity of bacteria in the intestine, better digest new foods and change our weight. Therefore, to lose weight, it is necessary to eat low-fat and low-sugar foods for a long time in the usual diet, instead of high-sugar and high-fat foods, so that bacteroides in the body will increase and thick-walled fungi will decrease. In addition, we should strengthen exercise.
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