1, spray therapy
Local anti-inflammatory effect is carried out by inhaling hormone spray; During inhalation, drugs enter the respiratory tract. In this way, the inhalation amount is small, and most of the drugs that directly enter the blood through the digestive tract and respiratory tract are inactivated by the liver, with few systemic side effects.
2. Intravenous injection
In the treatment of severe asthma, intravenous injection of theophylline is used to relax bronchi, which has no advantage compared with adequate use of fast β2- agonists. Usage: aminophylline is added into glucose solution, slowly injected intravenously (the injection speed shall not exceed 0.25mg kg-1 min- 1) or intravenously dropped.
3. Desensitization therapy
Desensitization therapy for allergens can alleviate or reduce asthma attacks. At present, sublingual desensitization therapy is widely used. Allergen extract is dripped under the tongue to make respiratory mucosa tolerant, so as to alleviate or control allergic symptoms and achieve the purpose of desensitization treatment.
4. Common methods
In order to control acute attack, spasmolysis, anti-inflammation, clearing airway mucus plug, keeping respiratory tract unobstructed and preventing secondary infection should be considered. General adrenocortical drugs, theophylline (xanthine) drugs, anticholinergic drugs, calcium antagonists, adrenal glucocorticoids, cromoglycate disodium and ketotifen can be used alone or in combination.
5. Food therapy
Asthma patients should eat more fresh vegetables and water, such as lily, yam, tomato, cabbage, eggplant, white radish, almond, tremella, etc., and eat less fat, cream, chocolate and salt.
Boiled ginger garlic brown sugar water
If the cough is severe and the sputum is white and thin, it means that the cold is heavier. When eating the dietotherapy prescription, add water boiled with ginger, garlic and brown sugar. Children can use 3 slices of ginger, 3 cloves of garlic and half a spoonful of brown sugar. Adults can use 7-8 slices of ginger, 7-8 cloves of garlic and a spoonful of brown sugar. Put them in the pot and add water. Can burn 10 minutes. Severe cases can be three times a day.
6. Boil radish water
Slice white radish, 3-4 slices for children and many adults. Add water to the pot for 5 minutes and drink radish water three times a day. Because radish has the functions of invigorating stomach, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, promoting diuresis, clearing away heat and promoting fluid production, it has a good effect on treating cough and asthma caused by excessive internal heat.
7. Steamed prickly ash and rock sugar pears
Wash the pear, cut it horizontally by the handle, remove the core in the middle, add 15 pepper, 1 rock sugar for children, 30 pepper and 2 rock sugar for adults, put the upper part of the pear in a bowl and steam for half an hour. Eat pear meat, children can eat it twice, adults can eat it once, and those who are seriously ill can eat it three times a day.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum is warm and spicy, and has the effect of expelling cold. Can comb the intestines and adjust the joints. However, it is easy to get angry, and it is suitable for eating with foods such as rock sugar pears.
8. Steamed garlic water
Experimental statistics show that people with cough and asthma can suppress their illness by taking garlic. Take two or three cloves of garlic, put them in the pot, cover them, steam them on high fire for more than ten minutes, and then drink the soup cooked with garlic.
Add rock sugar when steaming garlic water the next day. One for children and two for adults. Garlic is warm and enters the spleen, stomach and lungs. People often use garlic to treat cough, tracheitis, asthma and tuberculosis. However, garlic is not easy to eat too much, and it is easy to get angry and dazzle the eyes. Therefore, adding rock sugar plays a role in moistening the lungs.
9. Examination of bronchial asthma
1, blood routine examination. Some patients may have eosinophilia during the attack, but most of them are not obvious. If complicated with infection, the number of white blood cells may increase, and the proportion of classified neutrophils may increase.
2, sputum smear. More eosinophils can be seen, such as respiratory tract bacterial infection. Gram staining of sputum smear, cell culture and drug sensitivity test are helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of pathogenic bacteria.
3. Lung function examination. The pulmonary ventilation function in remission stage is mostly in the normal range. At the onset of asthma, due to the limitation of expiratory flow rate, it is characterized by forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1), velocity in the first second (FEV 1/FVC%), maximum expiratory flow rate (MMER) and maximum expiratory flow rate (MEF 50% and MEF 75%) when expiratory vital capacity is 50% and 75%.
4. Blood gas analysis. When asthma attacks severely, hypoxia may occur, and PaO2 and SaO2 decrease. Because of hyperventilation, PaCO2 decreased and pH value increased, showing respiratory alkalosis. Such as severe asthma, further development, severe airway obstruction, hypoxia and CO2 retention, PaCO2 _ 2 increase, showing respiratory acidosis. If hypoxia is obvious, it can be combined with metabolic acidosis.
5. chest x-ray examination. At the early stage of asthma attack, the transparency of both lungs increased, showing an over-inflated state; There was no obvious abnormality in remission period. If complicated with respiratory tract infection, increased lung texture and inflammatory infiltration shadow can be seen. At the same time, we should pay attention to complications such as atelectasis, pneumothorax or mediastinal emphysema.
6. Detection of specific allergens. Asthma patients are mostly accompanied by allergic reactions and are sensitive to a variety of allergens and irritants. The determination of allergic indicators combined with medical history is helpful to the etiological diagnosis of patients and to get rid of contact with allergic factors. However, allergic reactions should be prevented.