Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest were seven famous figures in Wei and Jin Dynasties in China, including Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian in Wei Zhengshi (240-249). Seven people often get together in the bamboo forest in Shanyang County (now Xiuwu, Henan Province) and indulge in drinking and having fun, so they are called the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest. The seven people "abandoned the classics and respected Laozi and Zhuangzi, and ignored the etiquette." These seven people were either killed because of the confluence of current affairs and politics, or escaped from the ruling party through drunkenness, or became the confidant of the ruling party. Ruan Ji and Ji Kang are the representatives of their works. Most of them use metaphor, sustenance and symbolism to subtly criticize the sin and hypocrisy of the supreme rule, express the poet's anguish under this terror, and expose the bullying, power struggle and people's misery at that time. His article inherits the style of Jian 'an, which is obscure and difficult to express directly.

-Du Xinsheng reads epic poems

Du Kang was intoxicated like a decadent seven sages.

Magnificent, that is, abandoning politics and respecting the elderly and the village.

I have always been a politician, but I'm afraid the history of history is not clear.

The treacherous eunuch suffers. The court is full of powerful officials.

The right to criticize and be punished for the current shortcomings is to seek self-dignity.

Get drunk and stop outside Taoyuan for a month.

It is also easier for youth to waste robes and sleeves.

The mountain village is desolate and ancient, and life is comfortable.

Answer the blogger's comments:

Thank you for your patronage. In the past society, the rulers could not reach the highest political level unless they adopted an iron fist, which was determined by the social environment and historical background of "root" and "culture". At the same time, it is very easy to produce dictatorship. The so-called folks often say that "one tube will die, and once it is released, it will be chaotic", and its reason lies in it. Therefore, the real society should pay attention to democracy and legal system, or "democratic centralism", and even realize an autonomous utopian society.

Answer Lotte Blue Eagle's comments:

Thanks to Lotte Blue Eagle for your correction. I think writing poems should be bold and unrestrained, so I don't like metrical poems very much, and I don't like flat and even rhymes, but I like the rhythmic beauty and musical beauty of ancient poems, so I am more free and casual to write my favorite rhythms. When writing poetry, I mostly write something deep in my heart, and I have no time to take care of too much red tape.

Answer a friend's criticism:

Thank you for your poem, "Seven sages have different lives, so they get a little knowledge and get a new life. Guangling's swan song has been passed down through the ages. How can it be all irrefutable evidence? Reading history, words and classics needs to be meticulous, and the details should be clarified. Why are there only a few wild old men in the mountain village who are happy in Ren Woxing? " Indeed, the fate of each of the seven sages of the bamboo forest is different, which has been described before. A song "Guangling San" has been circulated so far, and it is recognized that Ji Kang's bones are the hardest. As for the "wild old man", it is only an idealized expression in the poem. The details of the seven people are recorded in the book and on the internet. Search here for your reference.

Attachment: [Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest] Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, with seven sons, became famous later than "Jian 'an Seven Sons". Include Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Dan Tao, Xiang embroidery, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian. Seven people often get together among bamboo forests in Shanyang County (now Xiuwu, Henan Province) and indulge in drinking and having fun, hence the name "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forests". The political thoughts and attitudes towards life of the seven men are different from those of the seven men in Jian 'an, and most of them "abandon classics and respect Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, despise etiquette and law, and respect openness". In politics, Ji Kang, Ruan Ji and Liu Ling did not cooperate with Sima's regime, and Ji Kang was killed. Dan Tao and Wang Rong successively took refuge in Sima family and served as senior officials, becoming confidants of Sima regime. His literary creation is represented by Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. Ruan Ji's eighty-two poems in "Yong Huai" mostly use metaphor, sustenance, symbol and other means to expose the evil of the supreme ruling group in a subtle and tortuous way, satirize people with hypocritical manners and express the poet's depressed mood under political terror. Ji Kang's Breaking Up with Mountain Juyuan, based on the theory that Laozi and Zhuangzi advocate nature, shows that it is unbearable to be an official, and reveals its political attitude of not cooperating with the Sima family. Its wording is quite famous. Other works, such as Ruan Ji's Biography of Mr. Adult, Liu Ling's Ode to Wine Virtue and Xiang Embroidery's Ode to the Past, are also worth reading. Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi recorded five volumes of Dan Tao, which has been lost.

Seven people were representatives of metaphysics at that time, although their ideological tendencies were slightly different. Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ruan Xian have always advocated the study of Laozi and Zhuangzi, saying that "the more famous people are, the more natural they are", while Dan Tao and Wang Rong are good at Laozi and Zhuangzi and are mixed with Confucianism, while Xiang Embroidery advocates the integration of Confucianism and nature. Life is informal, quietism, gathering in the bamboo forest to drink and sing. The work exposes and satirizes the hypocrisy of Sima court.

The difference in their political attitudes is obvious. Ji Kang and Ruan Ji, although Wei, did not cooperate with Sima Group, but became successors. After Ji Kang was killed, Xiang Xiu was forced to become an official. Ruan Xian worked as an assistant minister in Sanqi when he entered the Jin Dynasty, but he was not reused. At first, Dan Tao was invisible, but after the age of 40, he became an official and took refuge in Sima Shi. He has served as an official of ministers such as Lang, Shi Zhong and Situ, and became a senior official of Sima Shi's regime. Wang Rong is stingy, rich and famous. After entering Jin, he served as assistant minister, official department minister and Si Tuleideng for a long time. After Jin Wudi and Jin Huidi dynasties, he still enjoyed himself and did not lose his position.

The uncooperative attitude of the seven sages in the bamboo forest was not tolerated by Sima's court, and finally collapsed: Ruan Ji, Liu Ling and Ji Kang did not cooperate with Sima's court, and Ji Kang was killed. Wang Rong and Dan Tao took refuge in Sima Chaoting, and the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest finally scattered things.

Ji Kang (224-263) was born in Luoxian County (now southwest of Suzhou, Anhui Province) during the Three Kingdoms period. Although his family is Confucian, they don't learn from teachers, but only say that they are good at Laozi and Zhuangzi. Married into the Wei imperial clan, the official is scattered in the doctor, so it is also called scattered in the middle. Advocating the way of natural health preservation, he wrote the theory of health preservation, and advocated that "the more famous, the more natural." He made close friends with Wang Rong, Liu Ling, Xiang embroidery, Dan Tao, Ruan Xian and Ruan Ji, and was called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest". Later, because of different interests, he went to be an official and took him as his own generation, and then wrote a book and broke up with Tao; Because of the estrangement from Zhong Hui, he was killed in Si Mazhao at the age of forty and became a general. Ji Kangshan is famous for playing Guangling San. There is San Ji in Jizhong, with Ji Kang in Jizhong compiled by Lu Xun as the essence.

Ruan Ji (2 10-263) was a poet in the last years of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. The word heir. Wei people, once a captain of the infantry, were called "Ruan Infantry" in history. Worship the learning of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, but take a cautious attitude to avoid disasters politically. With Ji Kang, Liu Ling and other seven people as friends, they often gather under bamboo forests and enjoy themselves, and are known as the seven sages of bamboo forests in the world. Ruan Ji is the representative of "the voice of the beginning", among which 82 poems are the most famous. Ruan Ji expressed his feelings by using different writing techniques such as metaphor, symbol and sustenance, and formed a poetic style of "grief, indignation, sadness and obscurity". Besides poetry, Ruan Ji is also good at prose and ci-fu. Of the nine essays, the longest and most representative is Biography of Mr. Adult. In addition, there are six poems, such as Qing Si Fu and shouyangshan Fu. There are ode to a dove and ode to a monkey. Thirteen volumes of Ruan Ji Ji Ji Ji were recorded in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi, but I'm afraid it has been lost. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Pu compiled Ruan Infantry Collection, collecting books of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties 130. The closest thing to the Yellow Festival is Notes on Ruan Infantry's Love Poems. According to historical records, Wei Wendi Si Mazhao wanted to propose to her son Ruan Ji's daughter. Ruan Ji was drunk for 60 days, making Si Mazhao speechless and giving up one by one. This historical event was quite representative at that time and had a great influence on later generations.

Dan Tao (205-283) was born in Huaixian County of the Western Jin Dynasty (now Wuzhi West of Henan Province). I was lonely in my early years and my family was poor. Good theory of Lao zi and Zhuang zi, making friends with Ji Kang and Ruan Ji. Dan Tao is leaving his job and wants to ask Ji Kang to take his place. Ji Kang wrote to break up with him. At the age of forty, it was a princess book. Dan Tao turned a blind eye to Sima Yi and Cao Shuang's struggle for power and profit, and stayed out of the world. After Sima Shi came to power, he wanted to be attached to him and was promoted to a scholar. In addition to his doctor, he moved to the official department of Shangshu. Si Mazhao took Zhong Hui as an insurrection in Shu, and the Western Expedition and Ren Tao as marching chariots and horses. Zhao Jin was made public, and Tao advocated that he should be a prince. It is said that Wei proclaimed himself the emperor, made himself a great hero, added Che as a captain, and became the new boss. Out of Jizhou secretariat, the town of Bayinqu, collecting more than 30 talents. As a servant, he moved to the official department of Shangshu, the prince of Shaofu, and the left servant. Every time an official chooses, he first follows the will of Emperor Wu of Jin and makes comments in person, which is called "Mountain Announcement". Because of my old habit, I have resigned many times and I am not allowed. After worshipping Si Tuleideng, he resumed his resignation and returned to China. There are ten volumes, which have been lost, and there are series books today.

Xiang Xiu (about 227-272) was born in Hanoi Huai (now southwest of Henan Province). One of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest in Wei and Jin Dynasties. From officials to assistant ministers of Huangmen, they are all regular attendants of scattered riding. He wrote two articles, Zhuangzi, which invented curiosity and aroused Feng Xuan, Qiu Shui and Zhi Le, but he died before he finished writing his notes. After Guo Xiang's Narration and Generalization, it is not a book. Lost in the early years, the existing Notes on Zhuangzi can be regarded as the cooperation between Xiang and Guo. It advocates the unity of "Zoroastrianism" and "Nature" and the integration of Confucianism and Taoism. Everything is free and easy, but "up and down" is also out of "nature", and we can't seek "freedom" to violate "bright focus". Good at poetry and songs. His mourning for Ji Kang and Lu Anzhi's "Thinking of the Old" is very sad and famous.

Liu Bolun, a native of Suxian County, Anhui Province, is good at drinking and tasting wine. At the end of Wei, he joined the army for Jianwei. At the beginning of Jin Wudi's reign, he called for countermeasures and emphasized inaction, so he was exempted. He opposed Sima's dark rule and hypocritical ethics. In order to avoid political persecution, he became addicted to alcohol and pretended to be crazy. Once a guest came to visit, he was naked. When the guest asked him, he said, "I take heaven and earth as my residence and my room as my clothes and pants." Why did you get into my pants? " His bohemian behavior shows a denial of moral standards. There is only one article, ode to wine virtue.

Liu Chen, whose name is Zhong Rong, was born in Wei's family in the Western Jin Dynasty (now Henan) and lived in Ruan County. Ruan Ji's nephew and Ruan Ji are also called "big and small Ruan". Li Guan rode an assistant minister to level the satrap. Open-minded and informal. He was good at playing the straight-necked pipa, and later changed his name to Ruan Xian for short.

Wang Rong (234-305), a minister in the Western Jin Dynasty, was born in Linyi (now Shandong). Young and enlightened, bright and beautiful. Good at talking and traveling with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. For a bamboo forest, after tasting it, he said, "vulgar things are disappointed again." He is a vulgar one among the seven sages. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty, he successively served as Huang Menlang, Chang Shi, Hedong Taishou, Jingzhou Secretariat, and entered Anfeng County. Later, he moved to Guangluxun and Shangshu in the official department. Hui Di, an official of Stuart. I am obsessed with fame and fortune and have nothing to say about it. Sex is extremely greedy and stingy, and the countryside is all over the States, without accumulation. Every time I gnash my teeth and count day and night, if it is insufficient. The Rong family has good plums and often sells them, but they are afraid of others' planting and often sell them, so they are ridiculed by the world.

Attachment: The Story of Seven Sages in Bamboo Forest

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Cao Pi usurped Han and Sima Yan usurped Wei. Many cruel and inhuman things happen constantly, so many famous people in Wei and Jin Dynasties, such as Kong Rong, Mi Fei, Yang Xiu and Yanhe, were killed. In this extremely sinister political environment, many scholars believe that it is impossible to save the world, and they are often secretive about current events for fear of avoiding them. Playing dumb, sending love and wine, and getting together to talk about metaphysics can avoid disaster. As a result, the wind of hiding from politics by talking is widespread. Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and others, based on their feelings about the world and worries about their own lives, * * * became a "bamboo tour".

"Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" refers to seven celebrities in Jin Dynasty, namely Ruan Ji, Ji Kang, Dan Tao, Liu Ling, Ruan Xian, Xiang Xiu and Wang Rong.

1 Ruan Ji

Ruan Ji's young woman next door has some good looks, so he often goes to buy wine and drink with Wang Rong, and sleeps next to the beauty who sells wine after getting drunk.

Another time, I heard that a talented woman died before marriage. Although Ruan Ji didn't know the woman's father or brother, he ran to the spirit and wept bitterly, regardless of the discussion of the world.

After the death of his mother, Ji Kang's younger brother Ji came to offer condolences, but because Ji was an official in Sima's family, he ignored the funeral etiquette and gave Ji a dirty look. Later, Ji Kang came with wine and a piano. He was overjoyed and immediately turned from white eyes to blue eyes.

2. Ji Kang

Ji Kang married Cao Cao's great-granddaughter, Changle Pavilion, and became a doctor in Form 3. He took an uncooperative attitude towards Sima's regime, so he was quite jealous. After Dan Tao (former Yamaju) took over the political power from Sima Zhongchao, he wrote "Breaking Up with Former Yamaju". After being framed, Ji Kang, who was about to die, smiled and beat Guangling San and died calmly. Before Ji Kang was executed, the most reassuring arrangement for his children was to let them take refuge in Dan Tao. However, after Ji Kang's death, Dan Tao has been taking good care of and raising his children, and has interpreted a story of "gentlemen are harmonious but different".

3. Dan Tao

Although Dan Tao advocated Laozi and Zhuangzi when he was young and joined the ranks of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, he was not a romantic writer or an indifferent politician in essence, but a gentleman who adhered to secular etiquette. Dan Tao's character is basically not a person who can really enjoy himself. He is still in the world of mortals and has the ambition to make a name for himself. Just because of his political foresight, he avoided the world at the height of the political struggle. Once the opportunity comes, he will still be an official. Later, he worked as an official in Sima Shi, Si Mazhao and Sima Yan, and became the right-hand man of Sima Shi's regime. Unlike Ruan Ji and Ji Kang, he seldom thought against Sima Shi in his life, but closely revolved around Sima Shi's regime and became the founding hero of Sima Shi Jin.

4. Liu Ling is drunk

Liu Ling indulged in drinking naked in his room. When people came into the house to look for him, he proudly said: heaven and earth are my house, and the house is my underwear. Why did you get into my crotch?

5. Ruan Xian

Ruan Ji is his uncle, and they are collectively called "Big Ruan and Little Ruan". Although there is a generation gap between uncles and nephews, they are informal and often play games like friends. The wild lifestyle is really different. Like Ruan Ji, Ruan Xian despised etiquette all his life. On the one hand, of course, it is because they advocate the theory of Laozi and Zhuangzi and despise all kinds of so-called red tape; On the other hand, it is also a practical protest against the contemporary dignitaries. At the same time, Ruan Xian, dressed in mourning, rode a donkey to chase a Xianbei maid, who secretly loved her.

6. Xiang Xiu

Although Xiang Embroidery is one of the Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest, he did not indulge himself like Ruan Ji, Ji Kang and Liu Ling. He is quite different from other six sages in temperament. Close to Ji Kang and Lu An. When Ji Kang lived in seclusion, he worked with Xiang Xiu. Xiang Xiu and Lu An used to irrigate the garden in Yang Shan (where Ji Kang's family lived) to be self-sufficient. Farming is not their hobby. They traded their pastor's work for their daily needs. Once they have leisure, they travel with each other in nature, escape from the dark cage of politics and gain spiritual freedom.

7, prodigy Wang Rong

Wang Rong was seven years old. He once went out to play with a group of children and saw a fruit tree full of plums on the roadside. Many children scrambled to pick it up, but only Wang Rong didn't move. Asked why he didn't pick it, he said: Fruit trees grow on the roadside and there are many plums. They must be bitter.