To annotate ...
(1) Yaoyao: The voice is soft and supple.
(2) poop: debate, good at rhetoric.
translate
Confucius was very gentle and respectful in his hometown, as if he could not speak. But in the ancestral temple and the imperial court, he is good at words, but he is more cautious.
original text
10 2, and the next doctor said that Kan Kan (1) is the same; The doctor said, so do we. If you were here, you would like (3) and (4).
To annotate ...
(1) Kan Kan: He speaks with confidence, is neither supercilious nor supercilious, and is gentle and happy.
(2) Pride: Yin, honest, cheerful and outspoken.
(3) Wandering: cú jí, respectful and uneasy.
(4) Harmony: Cautious and dignified.
translate
When Confucius was in the imperial court, he talked to the doctor, who was gentle and happy. Speak honestly and fairly to the doctor; The monarch came, respectful and uneasy, but gentle.
original text
10.3 Zhao Junshibin (1), Thurbruye (2); Foot fold ③ is like this. "Stand standing, right and left hands, clothes front and back", as in (4). Forward, the wing image is also 5. When the guest leaves, he will reply and say, "I don't care."
To annotate ...
(1) Bing: The sound is bìn, a verb, an official in charge of entertaining the monarch.
Sebo Ruye: His face became serious at once.
(3) feet: feet, sound jué, fast rhythm.
(4) Sasakawa: chān, neat appearance.
(5) Wings are like wings: like a bird spreading its wings.
translate
When the monarch asked Confucius to receive the guests, Confucius' face became solemn and his steps became faster. He bowed to the person standing with him, left or right, and his clothes swung back and forth, but they were clean and tidy. When you walk fast, you spread your wings like a bird. After the guests leave, they must report to the monarch: "The guests have never looked back."
original text
10.4 When entering the public gate, bow like (1), but if it is not allowed. If you can't stand in the door, you can't walk on the threshold (2). Over the position, the color is as it is, the foot is as it is, and its words seem insufficient. Take photos together (3) Go to the church, bow like a bow, and hold your breath like a restless person. Out, down 4, show off 5 colors, easy to also. There is no step (6), but the wings are like this. It's good to be reinstated.
To annotate ...
(1) Bow cautiously and respectfully.
(2) threshold: threshold, reverberation, threshold, stepping on the threshold.
(3) Take Qi: Qi, sound Z: and hem of clothes. Take pictures, lift. Lift the hem of the skirt.
(4) demotion: the next step.
(5) Show off: spread out and relax.
(6) No step: the step is completed.
translate
Confucius walked into the court gate, looking cautious and respectful, as if he could not tolerate him. Standing, he is not standing in the middle of the door; Go ahead, don't step on the threshold. When he passed the monarch's seat, his face immediately became solemn, his steps accelerated, and his speech seemed to be out of breath. When you lift your clothes and walk to class, you look respectful and cautious, holding your breath as if you were not breathing. When I came out and walked down the steps, my face spread out, and I was relieved. After walking the steps, take a few quick steps forward, as if a bird is spreading its wings. Return to your position, respectful and uneasy.
original text
10.5 Hold the Gui (1) and bow your head as if you are invincible. Go up, and you will be rewarded. Such as war color ②, stumbling ③, following ④. Enjoy the gift (5) with your eyes. Private life is so pleasant.
To annotate ...
(1) Gui: A kind of jade with an upper ring and a lower ring. When the ceremony is held, people of different identities hold different guis. On a mission to neighboring countries, the doctor took Gui as a letter on behalf of the monarch.
(2) War color: the appearance of trembling.
(3) Hey: A small step.
(4) If there is a follow-up: follow, along. It's like walking in a straight line
& gt& gt& gt(5) Enjoy gifts: enjoy and offer. A ceremony to exchange gifts. After the messenger received it, he held a ceremony to present gifts.
(6) "dí", see you later.
translate
Confucius was sent to other vassal states. ) Holding laurel respectfully and carefully, it seems that I can't lift it. When you lift it, you seem to be bowing, and when you put it down, you seem to be handing something. His face is as serious as shaking, and his steps are very small, as if walking in a straight line. The atmosphere was very pleasant when the gift-giving ceremony was held. When you meet the monarch in private, you will be more relaxed and happy.
Comment and analysis
The above five chapters recorded Confucius' manners, voice, face and smile in North Korea and rural areas, which left a very deep impression on people. Confucius treated different people on different occasions, often with different looks, manners, words and deeds. In his hometown, he gave the impression of humility, kindness and honesty. In the imperial court, he was respectful and dignified, neither supercilious nor supercilious, and dared to speak. Before the monarch, he was gentle, courteous, embarrassed, solemn and fearful. All these provide concrete information for people to study Confucius deeply.
original text
10.6 A gentleman does not regard clothes as ornaments (1), and red and purple clothes are not considered obscene (2). In summer, it will be shown (4). Clothes (5) and lambskin (6); Plain clothes, Xian (7) Qiu; Yellow clothes, fox hair. Blasphemy is long and short (8). There must be a nightgown (9) and a bust. The fox is thick enough to live in (10). Go to the funeral and don't wear anything. If it is not hiding (1 1), it must be killed (12). Lamb's autumn porch (13) is not hung (14). Yue Ji (15), definitely.
To annotate ...
(1) No clothes to decorate: the color of clothes during fasting, with gàn sound, dark blue and crimson. Hey, Z instead of U, red in black, the color of mourning. This means that you don't use dark blue and red or black and red fabrics to decorate the clothes you usually wear.
(2) Don't think about obscene clothes in red and purple: obscene clothes, clothes worn at home at ordinary times. The ancients thought that red and purple were not positive colors, so red and purple should not be used in casual clothes.
(3) Hehe: Hehe, hehe, hehe, hehe, hehe, hehe, hehe. Ji, the voice of prosperity, coarse kudzu vine cloth. This refers to wearing a thick or thin gingerbread coat.
(4) It must be indicated that linen is worn outside and underwear is worn inside.
(5) clothes: black clothes.
(6) lambskin: lambskin coat. In ancient times, lambs and furs were all black sheepskins, and the furs were outward.
(7) Qin: sound ní, deer, white.
(8) Short right sleeve: cuff, sound mè, sleeve. The right sleeve is shorter, which is convenient for carrying things.
(9) Bedclothes: pajamas.
(10) The thickness of the fox is: the thickness of the fox, the thick fur of the fox. Zhu, sit down.
(1 1) Curtain dress: the dress worn at court and sacrifice, made of whole cloth, not cut. Fold and sew.
(12) Kill it: the extra cloth must be cut off. Kill, chop.
(13) Lamb Qiu Xuanguan: black leather ceremony.
(14) Not hanging: not used for funeral.
Yue Ji: The first day of every month. On the first day of the first month.
translate
A gentleman does not need dark blue and red cloth edges, nor does he need red or purple cloth to make clothes he usually wears at home. Wear thick or thin gingerbread in summer, but be sure to wear it outside your underwear. Black sheepskin robe with black blouse. White deerskin robe with white overalls. Yellow fox fur with yellow blouse. The fur robe you usually wear at home is made longer and the right sleeve is shorter. You must have pajamas when you sleep, and you must have a bust. Use the thick hair of the fox as a cushion. After the mourning period expires, after taking off the mourning clothes, you will wear various decorations. If it is not a dress, it must be cut. Don't wear a black sheepskin robe and a black hat to mourn. On the first day of every month, you must wear a dress to visit the monarch.
Original 10.7 (1), there must be clothes (2) cloth. Qi will change to food (3), and living will move (4).
To annotate ...
(1) Qi: Tongzhai.
(2) Clothing: a bathrobe worn after bathing before fasting.
(3) change food: change the usual diet. Don't drink alcohol and eat anything irritating, such as onions and garlic.
(4) Living means moving from the inner room to the outer room and not sharing the same room with wives and concubines.
translate
When taking a bath on an empty stomach, you must have a bathrobe made of cloth. When fasting, you must change your usual diet, and when you live, you must move.
original text
10.8 not greasy food, (1) not greasy food. Eat (2) and (3), the fish will be hungry (4), and the meat will be ruined (5), so don't eat. Evil color, no food. Smelly, do not eat. Loss of food (6), no food. Every now and then (7), if you don't eat, it's definitely not right (8), if you don't eat. No sauce, no food. Although there is a lot of meat, it doesn't make it better than eating (9). Only endless wine is better than chaos (10). Sell candied wine (1 1) and don't eat it. Don't eat ginger, don't eat more.
To annotate ...
(1) Yi: kuài, finely sliced fish.
(2) Yi: It is out of date. Food has been stored for a long time.
(3) Yi: It has gone bad.
(4) Naive: sound něi, the fish is rotten, indicating that the fish is not fresh.
(5) Failure: The rotten meat means that the meat is not fresh.
(6) cooking: cooking and cooking.
(7) always: timely and fresh.
(8) Incorrect cutting method: the meat is not cut into squares.
(9) Qi: the same as "Qi", the sound is √, that is, five grains.
(10) Less chaos: chaos means drunkenness. Before you get drunk.
(1 1) Pickling: f incarnation, cooked jerky.
translate
Grain will never be ground too finely, and fish and meat will never be cut too finely. The food is old and stale, and the fish and meat are rotten, so we don't eat it. The color of the food has changed, so don't eat it. The taste has changed. Stop eating. Improper cooking, do not eat. Don't eat new things from time to time. Don't eat the meat if it isn't cut properly. Don't eat the wrong seasoning. Although there is a lot of meat on the table, the amount eaten does not exceed the amount of rice and flour. You can drink as much as you want, but you're not drunk. Dried meat and wine bought from the market are not eaten. There must be ginger at every meal, but don't eat too much.
original text
10.9 Sacrifice the male, not staying in the meat (1), and sacrifice the meat within three days (2). Go out for three days and stop eating.
To annotate ...
(1) No meat overnight: No meat overnight. Ancient doctors can get the meat offered by the monarch after attending the monarch's sacrifice. However, the sacrificial activities usually last for two or three days, so the meat is not fresh and can't stay overnight. After three days, you can't stay overnight.
(2) Sacrifice meat: This is sacrifice meat.
translate
The meat that Confucius got when he attended the sacrificial ceremony of the monarch could not be reserved for the next day. The meat used for sacrifice is not more than three days. After three days, I won't eat.
Comment and analysis
The above four chapters describe Confucius' clothes and eating habits. Confucius' adherence to the "ceremony" is not only manifested in his manners and etiquette when meeting the monarch and doctors, but also in his clothes. He has different requirements for the clothes he wears during sacrifice and mourning, such as single clothes, blouses, linen, leather clothes, pajamas, bathrobes, dresses and casual clothes. In terms of diet, "he is not tired of fine food" and doesn't eat eight kinds of food. Eating it is harmful to health.
original text
10 10 has no words for eating and no words for sleeping.
translate
Don't talk when eating, don't talk when sleeping.
original text
10. 1 1 Although the vegetable soup is very economical (1), the melon sacrifice (2) must be neat (3).
To annotate ...
(1) Vegetable soup: soup made of vegetables.
(2) Gua Festival: Before eating, the ancients separated a little of all kinds of food on the table and put it between utensils to worship their ancestors.
(3) Qi: Tongzhai.
translate
Even if it is coarse rice soup, you should take out a part of it to worship your ancestors before eating, and your expression should be as serious and respectful as when fasting.
original text
10 12 seat (1) is incorrect. Don't sit down.
To annotate ...
(1) Seats: In ancient times, there were no chairs or tables, but they were all sitting on mats on the ground floor.
translate
Don't sit down because the mat is not put away.
original text
10 13 villagers drink (1), people with sticks (2) come out, and they come out.
To annotate ...
(1) Rural drinking: refers to the rural drinking ceremony at that time.
(2) crutches: people with crutches refer to the elderly.
translate
After drinking in the countryside, (Confucius) must wait for the old man to go out first, and then go out by himself.
original text
10 14 villager Nuo (1), standing in the royal court.
To annotate ...
(1) Nuo: Nuo. Ancient religious ceremonies to welcome gods and exorcise ghosts.
(2): Zuyin, Dongbu people. The host stood on the steps on the east side of the hall to welcome the guests.
translate
When villagers hold religious ceremonies to welcome gods and exorcise ghosts, Confucius always stands on the eastern steps in royal robes.
original text
10 15 ask people who are in other countries (1) and then say goodbye to them (2).
To annotate ...
(1) Q: Greetings. Ancient people often give gifts when greeting.
(2) Farewell: When seeing the guests off, say goodbye twice.
translate
Confucius asked people to greet his friends in other vassal countries and sent them off twice.
Comment and analysis
The above six chapters record some rules or habits of Confucius' behavior and speech. He always demands himself by the standard of a gentleman, and makes his words and deeds conform to the rules of etiquette as far as possible. He believes that "ceremony" is supreme and inviolable, so every gesture and action should follow the principle of ceremony. On the one hand, this is the concrete embodiment of Confucius' personal accomplishment, and on the other hand, it is what he practiced when he taught students knowledge and benevolence.
original text
10. 16 Kang Zi gave medicine, thank you. Yue: "I dare not taste until I reach the mountain."
translate
Ji Kangzi gave the medicine to Confucius, who thanked him and accepted it, saying, "I don't know the nature of the medicine, so I dare not taste it."
original text
10 17 stable combustion. Zi retired from the DPRK and said, "Do you hurt the people?" Don't ask the horse.
translate
The stable caught fire and burned down. Confucius came back from North Korea and said, "Did you hurt anyone?" Don't ask what happened to the horse.
Comment and analysis
Confucius' stable caught fire and was burned down. When he heard the news, he first asked if anyone was injured. Some people say that Confucianism is a "human study", and this article can be used as evidence. He only asks people, not horses, which shows that he values people over money and cares about the people below. In fact, this is the origin of China's humanitarian thought since ancient times.
original text
10 18 If you give food, you must taste it first. You give it to me (1), and I will recommend it when I am familiar with it (2). If you are born, you must raise it. Serve the king, sacrifice to him, eat first.
To annotate ...
(1) fishy: beef.
(2) recommendation: for sale.
translate
When the monarch gave him cooked food, Confucius must straighten his seat and taste it first. When the monarch gives raw meat, it must be cooked. Sacrifice the ancestors first. The creatures given by the monarch must be raised. Have dinner with the monarch. When the monarch holds a pre-dinner ceremony, he must taste it first.
Comment and analysis
In ancient times, before the monarch ate it, someone had to taste it before the monarch could eat it. Confucius has great respect for the monarch. When he was eating with the monarch, he took the initiative to taste it, indicating his compliance with the ceremony.
original text
10 19 disease, look at it, Dongshou (1), add court clothes, drag the gentry (2).
To annotate ...
(1) East Head: The head faces east.
(2) Gentry: a big belt tied around the waist.
translate
Confucius was ill, and the monarch came to visit him. He was lying with his head facing east, wearing royal robes and dragging a big belt.
Comment and analysis
Confucius was ill in bed and the monarch came to visit him. He couldn't get up and put on the royal robes, which was disrespectful to the monarch and violated the ceremony, so he put on the royal robes. This reflects that Confucius will not be rude to the monarch even when he is dying.
original text
10 20 Your command is called, so I won't start driving.
translate
The monarch summoned (Confucius) and he left on foot before the horses and chariots were ready.
original text
10.2 1 Ask everything in the ancestral temple (1).
To annotate ...
(1) This chapter is reproduced. Please refer to Chapter III 15 of Bashu for translation.
original text
10.22 My friend (1) died and never came back. He said, "This is my funeral (2)."
To annotate ...
(1) friend: a person with the same interests as Confucius.
(2) Funeral: Both coffin burial and burial can be called funeral, generally referring to funeral affairs.
translate
When a friend died and no relatives were in charge of the funeral, Confucius said, "I'll handle the funeral."
original text
10 23 gifts from friends, although horses and chariots don't sacrifice meat, they don't worship.
translate
Friends give gifts, even chariots and horses, but they don't sacrifice meat, and Confucius doesn't worship them.
Comment and analysis
Confucius thinks that offering meat is more important than chariots and horses. Why? Because offering meat is related to "filial piety". After offering meat to ancestors, this piece of meat is not only edible, but also a carrier of filial piety to ancestors.
original text
10 24 Sleep without a corpse and live without a guest.
translate
(Confucius) Sleeping is not as stiff as a dead body, nor as solemn as being a guest or receiving guests at home on weekdays.
original text
10 25 Those who see Cui Zi (1) will change, even though they are ②. Those who see the crown, those who see it, and those who insult it, must see it. The clothing (5) is fierce in type (6). Type the negative version (7). If there is a bowl (8), it will change color to (9). Lightning is destined to change.
To annotate ...
(1) cui Zi: Z and Cu, expressing their condolences.
(2) sound xi, meaning close.
(3) The blind refers to musicians.
(4) Swearing: xiè' s voice is very common and familiar.
(5) fierce clothing: mourning.
(6) Type: intervisibility, the crossbar at the front of ancient vehicles. It is used as a verb here. When meeting a person with high status or other people, the rider leans forward and bends over the crossbar to show respect or sympathy. This was a courtesy at that time.
(7) negative edition: the person who undertakes the national library. At that time, there was no paper, and it was written with wooden blocks, so it was called "version".
(8)zhàn: sound, diet. A grand banquet.
(9) do: stand up.
translate
(Confucius) When you see people in mourning, even if they are close, you must become serious. When you see an official and a blind man, you must be polite even if they are often together. When riding, when you meet someone in mourning, you lie down on the front rail (to show sympathy). When you meet someone from the National Library, you do the same (to show respect). If there is a big banquet, stand up and thank you for a change. In case of thunder and strong wind, you must change your appearance (to show your awe of the sky).
original text
10.26 liter car must be upright and must be carried out (1). In the car, don't look in (2), don't speak ill (3) and don't kiss your fingers (4).
To annotate ...
(1) spike: the rope used for the handrail when getting on the bus.
(2) introspection: look back.
(3) Bad words: Speak loudly.
(4) Don't point with your own hands: you don't have to draw with your own fingers.
translate
When getting on the bus, you must stand up straight first, and then pull the handrail to get on the bus. In the car, don't look back, don't talk loudly, and don't point with your fingers.
Comment and analysis
The above chapters are all about how Confucius abides by the Rites of Zhou. In many actions, he can act according to the ceremony. For different people, different things and different environments, what kind of expressions, actions and language he should have, he is meticulous, accurate and appropriate. Therefore, Confucius' students talked about it and praised it greatly.
original text
10.27 comes first (1), and Hou Ji (2). Yue: "pheasant, the daughter of the mountain ridge, it's time!" (4) Lutz ***(5), three sniffs (6).
To annotate ...
(1) Raise color: color, face. Lift it up, the bird has flown.
(2) Postscript: fly for a while, and then fall into the tree. The bird stopped in the tree and called "Ji".
(3) Female pheasants on the ridge: Female pheasants gathered on the ridge.
(4) The time is right: It's time! Just in time! This means that pheasants are lucky and can fly freely and fall freely.
(5)***: Same as "arch".
(6) Three sniffs: sniffing should be a word mistake. [2], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [6], [6], [6], [6], [2] [9333] is the word "stop", and birds are singing.
translate
When Confucius was walking in the valley, he saw a flock of pheasants flying there. Confucius looked a little, and the pheasant flew for a while and landed on the tree. Confucius said, "These pheasants on the mountain ridge came at the right time!" Just in time! Lutz bowed to them, and the pheasant buzzed and flew away.
Comment and analysis
It looks like sightseeing here, but Confucius actually felt it. He thought it was "the right time" for the pheasants in the valley to fly freely and fall freely, but he didn't run around at the right time, but he didn't get a general response. So when he saw the pheasant, he looked at it and then sighed like this.