When cold-resistant exercise patients start cold-resistant exercise, they first wipe their heads and faces with cold towels and gradually spread to their limbs. For those with good physique, strong tolerance and respiratory function below Grade III, you can take a large area cold water bath, and then return to cold water to rub the face and neck after September and June, 65438+ 10. Those with strong tolerance can persist until winter. Winter cold water temperature 15℃-20℃, 5- 10 minutes each time. Adapting the body to external climate change and enhancing cold tolerance can effectively improve airway nutrition and prevent the occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Breathing exercises. There is an unnatural breathing exercise method, which can effectively enhance the blood supply of bronchial artery and improve airway nutrition. The patient takes the supine position, relaxes the whole body, closes his eyes slightly, eliminates distractions, naturally stays calm, and deliberately stays in the abdomen. When inhaling, he should immediately lift the anus and abdomen, and the inhalation process should be slow, deep and even, so that the abdominal pressure will gradually increase. With the increase of abdominal pressure, the resistance of blood vessels in abdominal cavity also increases. At this time, the thoracic cavity is in a negative pressure state, and the airway is in a relatively dilated state, which can promote the flow of aortic blood to the thoracic cavity and head, and is beneficial to the blood of bronchial arteries and veins. When exhaling, slowly relax the anus and expand the abdomen, and slowly exhale the gas. Do it twice a night before going to bed and in the morning for 30 minutes each time. As long as we persist, the respiratory muscles can be effectively exercised, which can not only improve lung function and increase vital capacity, but also help to supply blood and oxygen to the brain and promote the regulation function of the central nervous system and autonomic nervous system of the brain.
Regular life, rest and relax. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not formed overnight, but the result of accumulated life. Such as overwork, overwork, excessive sexual intercourse, heavy smoking, etc. It will damage physical and mental health, damage the respiratory system and cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Therefore, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease must change their bad lifestyle, achieve regular life, combine work and rest, and ensure sleep; Don't work too hard, and those who are flustered and short of breath should master their own activity to reduce the burden on the heart.
Must give up smoking. Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Harmful substances in smoke can directly damage respiratory mucosa, increase airway secretions and exudates, stimulate tracheal smooth muscle contraction, block blood circulation, lead to congestion of airway submucosal venous plexus, and aggravate the condition. Therefore, quitting smoking is an inevitable choice for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to prevent attacks.
Have a good mood. Medical staff and their families should devote themselves to love, analyze and solve problems according to the patient's condition, physique, family status, external factors, mental state and greatest worries and concerns; Give specific guidance on how to use drugs and oxygen therapy, how to strengthen nutritional support and rehabilitation exercise, so that patients can maintain a good mental state, establish confidence and courage to overcome diseases, and actively cooperate with treatment. Patients should pay more attention to their emotions, don't worry about trifles, be optimistic and aloof, and get rid of the threat of disease as soon as possible, which can get twice the result with half the effort.
Prevention of upper respiratory tract infection. Upper respiratory tract infection is easy to cause acute attack of COPD. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have weak body, low resistance, slight cold stimulation, reflex contraction of upper respiratory tract blood vessels, airway ischemia and decreased resistance. Bacteria or viruses existing in the upper respiratory mucosa will take the opportunity to invade mucosal epithelial cells and grow and reproduce, producing toxins, causing symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, and in severe cases, causing lung infection, making the condition worse. Therefore, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease should pay attention to cold prevention all year round, especially in winter and early spring, especially in cold weather. In rainy or foggy weather, don't go out, but exercise indoors. When respiratory infectious diseases are prevalent in winter and spring, don't go to crowded public places to reduce the chance of infection. Maintaining a certain temperature and humidity indoors helps to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If you have upper respiratory tract infection, please seek medical attention as soon as possible to control and eliminate the infection.
Try to cough up the phlegm. The weather is dry in autumn and winter, and the secretions in the trachea of elderly and frail patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increase. Due to insufficient humidification of the respiratory tract, the sputum is sticky and difficult to cough up, which is easy to cause respiratory obstruction and aggravate dyspnea. Therefore, expectorant and antitussive drugs should be given in time to encourage patients to expectorate as much as possible and relieve respiratory obstruction. For elderly patients who cannot expectorate, they can take a sitting position or a prone position. Medical staff or family members curl their palms into a bowl shape and beat them rhythmically from the edge of the chest to the middle and the lower part of the chest to the middle, so as to increase the air vibration force and at the same time make the patient cough automatically, or when the patient coughs violently, press the chest or upper abdomen with both hands to increase the elasticity of the diaphragm to promote expectoration, so as to clear the airway obstruction and ensure the normal breathing of the elderly patients.
Increase nutrition and improve immunity. Most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have malnutrition, emaciation and hypoproteinemia, which leads to low immunity, easy to catch a cold and cause recurrence. Therefore, it is also an important content of self-care to distribute the diet reasonably and let the patients eat well. On the basis of achieving a balanced diet, the intake of nutrients such as protein, carbohydrates, vitamins A, B, C, E, zinc, iron and calcium should be appropriately increased to ensure the needs of the body. The nutrient intake ratio is 50% for carbohydrate, 35% for fat and 0/5% for protein/kloc. For example, a male patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease weighing 65 kg can consume 282 grams of carbohydrates (mainly rice and pasta), 88 grams of fat and 84 grams of protein every day. For patients with poor appetite and indigestion, fat emulsion and various amino acids can be infused intravenously when necessary, which is helpful to improve the nutritional status of the body, improve the immunity of the body and promote rehabilitation.
Rational use of bronchodilators. Inhalation therapy is advocated for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which has the function of taking effect quickly and relieving symptoms quickly. β2 receptor agonists commonly used in clinic include Vantorin, Chuankangsu and Shuchuanling. Vantorin can selectively activate β2 receptor of bronchial smooth muscle and promote bronchiectasis. It should be used as needed according to the condition under the guidance of a doctor. When breathing, if necessary, inhale 1-2 sprays (100-200 micrograms) every 4-8 hours, but not more than 8 times in 24 hours. If the symptoms such as wheezing do not improve significantly or become serious after taking the medicine, do not increase the inhalation dose by yourself, and let the doctor take other treatment plans in time to control the condition. Long-term use of β2 receptor agonists is easy to produce drug resistance and reduce the curative effect. There are also common adverse drug reactions such as muscle tremor, increased heart rate and headache, which need attention.