The picture shows the anther culture process of chrysanthemum shoots and rose in vitro. Please answer the following questions according to the pictures. (1) For chrysanthemums, choose ones that grow vigorously. (1) Because of the good physiological condition, it is easy to induce dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, so it is necessary to choose strong seedlings for chrysanthemum tissue culture. For rose, the suitable pollen culture period is that the pollen should be in the mononuclear stage, because the success rate of anther culture is the highest in the mononuclear stage, when the nucleus moves from the center to one side. The most commonly used method to determine the pollen development period is magenta acetate method.

(2) The key factor to determine plant dedifferentiation and redifferentiation is the type and proportion of plant hormones, especially the synergistic effect of auxin and cytokinin is very important in the process of tissue culture, so cytokinin and auxin should be added to the medium of bud tissue and pollen.

(3) If phenol red indicator is added to the culture medium with urea as the sole nitrogen source to cultivate several bacteria, and the indicator turns red, the bacteria that can decompose urea can be identified. Both plant tissue cultures need to be inoculated, and the inoculation should be carried out under aseptic conditions, so the inoculation room should be disinfected; The explants can be soaked in 70% alcohol in advance, washed with sterile water, disinfected with 0. 1% mercuric chloride solution and washed with sterile water. Inoculation operation should be carried out next to the flame of alcohol lamp; Cover the bottle cap immediately after inoculation.

(4) The anther culture of rose is different from the tissue culture of chrysanthemum. As far as the way of plant production is concerned, the way of pollen plant production can also be developed through embryoid stage, except as shown in the figure. The difference between these two developmental modes mainly depends on the type and concentration ratio of hormones in the culture medium.

(5) Different plants often have different requirements for various conditions. In chrysanthemum tissue culture, the temperature is generally controlled at 18-22℃ and the light is controlled at 12 hours per day.

So the answer is:

(1) The healthy seedlings are in good physiological condition and easy to induce dedifferentiation and redifferentiation.

(2) Cytokinin and auxin

(3) Phenol red? C

(4) Species and concentration ratio of hormones in embryoid medium.

(5) Daily illumination 18-22 hours