Taoism is one of the major religions in China. Because "Tao" is the highest belief, it is thought that "Tao" is the source of all things in the metaplasia universe, hence the name. The "Five Mi Dou Daoism" founded by Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty is the beginning of Taoist stereotypes. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, religious forms gradually became complete. Lao Dan is regarded as an ancestor, and he is addressed as "grandfather". Tao Te Ching, Zheng Jing Ching and Taiping Cave Ching are the main classics. Worship the Jade Emperor as the highest god. Important people are divorced from reality and become immortals.

The first national Taoist temple is located in the Shangqing Palace in Luoyang.

The so-called Taoism is based on the belief of Shamanism in ancient China (ghost Taoism), and on this basis, it absorbs the Confucian Shinto and sacrificial rites. The metaphysics of Taoism in Laozi and Zhuangzi absorbs the karma and liberation of Buddhism, and even the teachings and rituals of saving the world. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was basically completed as a religious order.

Taoist school

There are many schools of Taoism, and their names are different because of different schools.

According to academic theory, it can be divided into five categories: Jishan School, Classical School, Fulu School, Dante School (then Dan School) and Zhan Yan School. Regionally, there are Longmenmen School, Laoshan School, Suishan School, Yushan School, Huashan School, Lushan School, Laohuashan School, Heshan School, Huoshan School and Wutang School.

According to people, there are Shaoyang School (Wang), Zhengyang School (Zhong), Chunyang School (,), Haichan School (), Sanfeng School (Zhang Sanfeng), Sazu School (Sa Shou Jian), Ziyang School (), Wuliu School (Wu, Liu Huayang), Chongyang School (Wang Zhongfu) and Yinxi School. According to the school, there are mixed schools (Taishang Laojun), Namo pie (Tan Churui), Jing School (Sun Buer), Hui Jin School (Qi Benshou), Zhengyi School (Zhang), Wei Qing School (Ma Danyang), Tianxian School (Lv Chunyang), Xuanwu School (Zhenwu Emperor), Jingming School (Xu Jingyang) and Yunyang School (Yunyang School). Taiyi School (Xiao Baozhen), Quanzhen School (Wang Zhongyang), Zhengyi School (Zhang Zongyan), Vacuum School (Drum Zu), Tieguan School (Zhou Zu), Japanese New School, Naturalism School (Zhang Sanfeng), Innate School, Brilliant School, etc.

There are also orthodox schools (Zhang Daoling), southern schools (Lv Chunyang), northern schools (Wang Zhongyang), Zhendong schools (Zhang Qingzhi), Taiyi schools (Huangdong schools) and Wudong schools in history, as well as Shi Tian Taoism, Quanzhen Taoism, Lingbao Taoism and Wei Qing Taoism. There are also eight schools of morality, congenital, spiritual treasure, righteousness, simplicity, Ming, Yutang and Tianxin.

Now many sects are declining, and the remaining famous sects are Quanzhen Sect in the north, Zhengyi Sect in the south, Maoshan Sect, Laoshan Sect, wu-tang clan, Lushan Sect and folk Taoist sects in Hong Kong and Taiwan.

History of Taoism in China

order

Throughout the development history of Taoism, it can be divided into four stages: in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Taoism gained the support of emperors, nobles and rulers, which was its first development period; In the Tang Dynasty, the royal family joined hands with Laozi, claiming to be the descendant of Li Er, giving political support and vigorously promoting Taoism, which was the second development period; In northern Song Zhenzong, people are intoxicated with Taoism, so as to cover up the humiliation brought by the pressure from their strong neighbors in the north. This is the third period of Taoist development. In the middle of Ming Dynasty, the emperor was superstitious about Taoism and attempted to become an immortal. Taoism is valued. They are involved in politics and participate in the power struggle within the government. This is the fourth period of the development of Taoism.

This paper only summarizes and discusses the most important and basic theories and related knowledge in the history of Taoist development in the simplest way, so that those friends who are unfamiliar with Taoism can have the most direct understanding. For complex academic theories and discussions, this article does not explain too much. If you are deeply interested in Taoism, you might as well find more Taoist materials to enrich your knowledge.

Taoism, like other religions, is a social and historical phenomenon with its own development process. The early sects were not formed in the same area at the same time and through the same channel, and there was no unified and stable religious organization for a long time, so it is difficult to determine the upper limit of the history of Taoism in China. There were Floyd School and Dante School in the early days, but their birth process was quite complicated. Dante school pays attention to self-cultivation, and there are internal and external points. & lt Taiping Jing >> With << Zhouyi Shentongqi >> Early Taoist theory began to take shape, but there was no corresponding Taoist organization. & lt Huang tingjing >> there is also the external Dan Jing << Bao puzi. Internal chapter > > Although the social influence is great, its social organization strength is still weak. & gt use < < Zhuangzi > It has also become another important source of Taoism. Thus, the spreading process of Taoism in China is multi-source, multi-channel and gradually closely integrated. The various sects influence each other, but they basically develop independently, and the time is inconsistent, so there is no unified specific time to create religion. There is no unified name for Christian names and believers. The word Taoism can be seen in>. Taoism can be regarded as a symbol of Taoist activities and Taoist entities by three books & gt& lt< Zhouyi & gt> < Lao Tzu's Random Thoughts and Notes & gt.

The main sources and social background of early Taoism are as follows:

The first one comes from ancient religion and folk witchcraft.

The second is the myths and legends and alchemy from the Warring States to the Qin and Han Dynasties.

The third one comes from the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi in the pre-Qin period and Taoist philosophy in the Qin and Han dynasties.

The fourth comes from Confucianism and the thought of Yin-Yang and Five Elements.

The fifth one comes from the knowledge of ancient medicine and exercise.

The historical origin of Taoism was born in the late Han Dynasty. It is a product of the society of the Han Dynasty and an integral part of the ideology and culture of the Han Dynasty. It has profound social reasons. It directly promoted the formation of Dante School in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. In addition, the introduction and prosperity of Buddhism stimulated and promoted the emergence of Taoism.

& lt& lt Taiping Jing >> is the earliest Taoist classic. The main idea is: 1. Xuanqi theory, 2. Three concentric harmony theory. In other words, it advocates the harmony between monarch, minister and people. 3. The disaster theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. 4. The immortal system of heaven and man. & gt Our immortal system is immortal, real person, immortal, Taoist, saint, saint. It has two theological systems, namely, the yin-yang system of heaven and earth and the immortal system. These two systems are in parallel, that is, the immortal manages the sky, the real person manages the land, the immortal manages the wind and rain, the Taoist bishop turns from good to bad, the saint cares for the people, and the saint assists the saint.

& lt< Zhou Yi Can Tong Qi >> It is the earliest theoretical work of Dante School. Its central idea is to tell the story of fire alchemy by means of yin and yang suggestion and Huang Lao's theory of sex. It is basically an external alchemy. Its words are ancient and difficult to understand, and its true meaning is elusive.

& lt& lt Lao Tzu's random thoughts and notes >> This is an important material for further understanding the teachings and theories of Wudou Midao. The biggest difference between Wudou Mi Dao and Taiping Dao is that it did not encounter the tragedy of Taiping Dao, but became an authentic Taoism after it evolved into Shitiandao.

The second chapter is the spread and differentiation of Taoism in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

The spread of Shi Tian Taoism in the North during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was closely related to Cao Cao's suppression of folk Taoism and the northward movement of Wudou Mi Dao. Cao Cao used force to suppress and surrender the Yellow Scarf Army who believed in Taiping Taoism. Later, Zhang Lu surrendered because of Taiping Road, and the elites of Wudoumi Road moved northward one after another, so did a large number of people who believed in Wudoumi Road in Hanzhong. It contributed to the spread of Wudou Mi Dao from Bashu to the north. With the rulers of Wei and Jin dynasties extremely wary of folk religious activities and banning religious activities, Wudou Mi Dao is extremely imperfect in Taoist laws and regulations, with scattered organizations and different orders, and its development is stagnant. However, some folk Taoist organizations have developed and spread in Bashu area and Jiangnan area, such as Shitiandao Group in Bashu led by Chen Rui, Yujiadao in Jiangdong, Lijiadao and so on.

Chapter III Ge Hong and Wei Dingdao School

Ge Hong, born in 283 in the fourth year of Jin Taikang, was named Bao Puzi. He finished this work at the age of 35. Bao Puzi >> consists of two articles, the inner article discusses the immortal prescription, the change of ghosts and gods, the immortal theory of keeping healthy and prolonging life, and the outer article discusses the gains and losses of the world, the Confucian thought of governing the world with the country and so on. The relationship between teachers and students is as follows: Zuo Ci-Ge Xuan-Andrew-Ge Hong. The main point is that immortals exist, and mortals can live forever by learning from immortals. It emphasizes that everyone's subjective efforts to learn to become immortal and cultivate Buddhism the day after tomorrow are determination, consciousness and consciousness.

Ge Hong pointed out at> that when you are angry, it is six hours from midnight to noon. The other six hours of the day are when you die, and it's useless to die. When practicing, you should inhale step by step through your nose and exhale slightly through your mouth, so as to inhale more and exhale less. Breathe in and out silently until your ears can't hear you, and put a feather on your nose and mouth. You should try to extend the time from inhalation to exhalation. beginner

In addition, it is described that the method of keeping metaphysical meaning can be fractal, that is, separation. A person can be divided into dozens of his own images. This fractal method is also called mirror path. Fractal can connect the gods, see the three souls and seven spirits in his body, and meet the god of heaven and earth to drive away the gods of mountains and rivers.

In addition, Master Jiang Ge awarded the Seven Treasures & gt as the head of the auxiliary road, which is related to>, which is the most important spell book. Huang San's writing can ban evil spirits, epidemic diseases, tigers, wolves, mountain gods, five evils and so on. You can summon the king who ordered the company's five mountains to be in danger. << > > The Life Map of Five Mountains is a schematic diagram of a plane mountain used as a spell. It turned into pure magic.

Ge Hong's> in a sense, his appearance is a historical summary of early Taoism from the standpoint of upper Taoism, which enriches Taoist theory and has a great influence on later Taoism. The maturity of Dante School also marks the end of early Taoism.

The fourth chapter is the reform and development of Taoism in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties.

In the history of Taoism, the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were an important turning point. During this period, Taoism experienced great changes due to the change of family class, from primitive and naive Taoism to a complete and mature religion, from a Taoist group mainly circulating among the people to an officially recognized orthodox religion. At that time, southern China was the main area where Taoism changed.

Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism have flourished, and a large number of new classics are needed to spread their teachings. Buddhist classics can be obtained from India, and Taoism can only transform the books and classics of the previous generation for Buddhism. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the new Taoist scriptures are>, < Lingbao Sutra >>, < Shangqing Sutra >>, which are the most important, that is, the Three-hole True Sutra.

& lt& lt Huang San Jing >; It was officially banned in the Tang Dynasty and has now been lost. There are many Taoist scriptures that hurt font size in> Huang San, among which * * * has the best 92 spells, representing some gods, immortals, heavenly generals, kings of four blasphemies in five mountains and evil spirits. If a monk swallows or wears it according to Buddhism, he can attract gods to obey ghosts. It is the most direct and effective way to learn Taoist magic.

& lt< The Real Picture of Five Mountains & gt > is a kind of seal, which is worn by Taoist priests and welcomed by all gods. & gt is also a set of Taoist scriptures circulated by the Ge family, of which & gt three volumes are included in the> water name. The content is the book of health preservation and seeking immortality. The first volume is the skill of keeping thinking and conviction, and the middle volume is the prescription of taking vegetation, the symbol of wearing or swallowing sheep and the method of becoming immortal.

To sum up, the construction of Taoist cultivation methods based on the five elements thought is the common feature of the above Lingbao Sutra in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. So the Lingbao school was formed, paying attention to fasting, science and education, and persuading people to be good. The formation of this school is closely related to Taoism in the Southern Dynasties.

& lt& lt Qing Jing >> It is an important group of Taoist classics that appeared after the middle period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The appearance and spread of Shangqing Classic created a new school in Taoism-Maoshan Shangqing School, and Tao Hongjing became the representative of Shangqing School in the Southern Dynasties. There are various techniques in the existing & gt, such as then taking food, guiding qi, wearing simple spells, hiding armor, stepping on cloth, running high to the sun and the moon, eating clouds, singing praises, inviting gods to subdue demons, forbidding tigers and preventing wolves, etc. And you will keep one in particular. < < The True Sutra of the Great Cave >> < lt > A female jade examines five old treasures >> < lt > Su Lingdong, a Taiwanese businessman, is mysterious and wonderful > It is called the Three Unique Ways, and its content is: The most distinctive skill of keeping thinking in your heart is the skill of keeping thinking in front of you. Now all magicians must learn the technique of keeping thinking. It shows that the human body has five gods, the liver stores the soul, the lung stores the spirit, the heart stores the spirit, the spleen stores the ambition, and the kidney stores the essence, and the five gods are exhausted. Now><< Dadong Yujing >> is the biography of Maoshan in the Southern Song Dynasty.

Lu Sheng was born in 406 A.D. and was in Jin 'an for two years. He was a famous Taoist priest in the early Southern Song Dynasty. In order to meet the needs of the aristocratic class at that time, he reorganized the Shi Tian Taoist organization in the south of the Yangtze River and merged with the immortal Taoism. He became a Taoist master in the Southern Dynasties. It has also become a new Taoist master characterized by the Three-hole Classics. He established and perfected the fasting ceremony of Taoism. He initiated the far-reaching classification method of Taoist classics in the history of Taoism. That is to say, Taoist books are divided into seven categories: three holes (truth, metaphysics and spirit) and four auxiliary ones (Taixuan, Taihe, Taiqing and Gangyi). Three holes and four assistants are not just seven categories.

Tao Hongjing was born in 456 AD. After the Southern Dynasties of Song, Qi and Liang, he was called the Prime Minister in the Mountain and was a Taoist priest at that time. The dignitaries of the Southern Dynasties worshipped him in succession, which showed his prominent position at that time. Tao Hongjing applied health preserving, alchemy and medicine in practical research and operation to carry out rigorous practice, which laid the foundation for the final formation of Taoist Puritans. He took Maoshan (now the original place in southern Jiangsu Province)&the True Sutra of Dadong in Qing Dynasty >< as the official story of our school. We worshipped the Yuan God as the highest god, and at the same time studied Lingbao, Huang San, Shi Tian Taoism and jurisprudence. The formation of Maoshan School marks that the Taoist immortals in the south of the Yangtze River have completed the transformation of the old Taoist group in Shi Tian since Ge Hong, and established the official orthodox Taoism. Tao Hongjing also perfected the Taoist immortal system, arranged seats for immortals, and formed the theory of three deities, that is, the theory of respecting deities in Qing Dynasty. Qing Lingbao Tianzun said Lingbao Jing; Taiqing Morality worships Huang San Classics. During this period, Taoism introduced the concept of hell. There are Luoshan and Liushen Palace in the north. Tao Hongjing unified and summarized the complicated immortal system and integrated a book < < Real Spiritual Career Map > >; & gt This paper lists the names of nearly 700 gods in Taoism in the form of an atlas, aiming to make monks understand that there is also a clear hierarchical order in the surreal fairy world.

During this period, Taoism, Buddhism and Confucianism were three pillars. In order to expand their social influence and compete for the status of authentic ideology and culture, the contradictions and struggles between Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism have intensified, and the three parties have had a war of words and debates. Nevertheless, the reason why the three parties can always reconcile with each other is that they are accepted by feudal scholars and can be inclusive.

To sum up, the transformation of Taoism in the Eastern Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, from Ge Hong to Tao Hongjing, basically came to an end. After the transformation of this period, Taoism has a relatively complete doctrine theory and classic literature, established and improved its own discipline ceremony and relatively unified church organization, enriched and developed the practice of witchcraft, formed a unique belief system of immortals, and expanded its influence among the ruling class and ordinary people. Completed the evolution from folk religion to official orthodox religion. After the Western Jin Dynasty, in the Northern Dynasty, which was ruled by ethnic minorities in sixteen countries, there was also an incident in which Taoism transformed the old Taoism and formed the new Taoism and Louguan Taoism.

In the sixteen northern countries, Wang Jia lived in seclusion in the mountains, attracting many loose Taoist groups, which had a great influence on the reform of Taoism in Kou (AD 365-448). His works << The old gentleman recited the Ten Commandments. The names in the collected Taoist scriptures are only included in one volume. He announced the abolition of some backward Daoism in the old Daoism. He used Confucian rituals to clean up Taoist organizations. He opposed the spread of family skills and the spread of eating immortals, and especially emphasized that fasting was the foundation of keeping in good health and seeking immortals. Later, he wrote < < Record the True Classics > > This book is not only a classic of reforming Taoism, but also a book of divination. After completing the reform of Taoism, Kou was prepared to go down to the feudal rulers to realize his wish to help the country and save his life. As a teacher of an empire, he made Taoism a formal orthodox religion. After the reform, Taoism catered to the needs of Xianbei rulers and Han landlords, and Kou was favored by nobles who were good at finding jobs and had prominent positions.

In the early Northern Wei Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism developed at the same time. However, at the beginning of the Northern Wei Dynasty's accession to the throne, Taizu listened to Kouhe's words. With the progress of the Northern Wei Dynasty's unification war, the newly conquered Guanzhong was a place where Buddhism flourished. Monks and landlords communicated with the government, hindered the unification of state laws and regulations, and even participated in the rebellion, all of which led to Emperor Taizu's determination to suppress Buddhist forces. In the first month of 444 AD, Taizu ordered the extinction of the Buddha. Kill all Buddhist disciples. In September of the same year, monk Gao Xuan was killed. Later, he died of political misconduct. In 548 AD, after the split of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Taoism and Buddhism failed in comparison. The Northern Qi regime eliminated Taoism and advocated Buddhism. Since then, the Taoist regime in New Shi Tian has disappeared. Taoist schools popular in Sui and Tang Dynasties, mainly Shangqing religion in the south and Louguan Taoism in the late Northern Dynasties, rose in Guanzhong.

Louguan Daoism spread in Guanzhong area with Louguan Daoism at the foot of Zhong Nanshan Mountain in Shaanxi as the center. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Louguan Taoist School represented by Chen Liang, Wang Jia, Wang, Chen Baochi and Li Shunxing was formally formed. This school is deeply influenced by the Southern Shang Qing School. In the process of its prosperity and development, famous Taoist schools such as Chen Baochi, Wei Jie, Wang Yan and Yan Da played an important role. Taoism, which is characterized by the integration of the north and the south, formed a characteristic of paying attention to practical rather than academic discrimination in the Tang Dynasty. Although the Louguan School was deeply influenced by the Southern Shangqing School, it inherited the tradition of Taoism in northern Shi Tian in the myth of Laozi. The debate on the relationship between Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism is unprecedented fierce. Although Taoism was abolished, it basically established its position as a feudal superstructure and an important part of ideology and culture during this period.

The second part is Taoism in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially the Tang Dynasty, was one of the prosperous periods for the all-round development of Taoism in China. Because Emperor Wendi was raised by a nun when he was young, he claimed that I wanted to promote Buddhism. He attaches great importance to Buddhism. The order of the three religions is Buddhism first, Taoism second and Confucianism last. During the nearly 300-year rule of the Tang Dynasty, Taoism has been fostered and worshipped, ranking first among the three religions. At the end of Tang Dynasty, Lv Dongbin and Zhong Liquan became the ancestors of Neidan School.

The sixth chapter is the philosophy and politics of Taoism emphasizing metaphysics in Sui and Tang Dynasties.

Laozi and Zhuangzi's works, which have received little attention from Taoism since Wei and Jin Dynasties, have been included in Taixuan PianJing in Taoist books and become the most widely circulated and influential Taoist classics in Tang Dynasty. Taoism established a relatively systematic system of Taoist philosophy in the Tang Dynasty. The way to emphasize metaphysics is: there is nothing, and I want to see its wonders; Usually, we want to observe its subtleties. Both of them have the same name but differ, and they are called Xuan, Xuan, Xuan and the Gate of Wan Qi. Man, earth, heaven, heaven and Tao are natural. The so-called Tao means that all beings are endowed with Tao or the invariance of Tao. All beings are the Tao, and there are all beings in the Tao. All beings are tangible and contain the Tao.

The worship of Taoism in Tang Dynasty includes political utilization and personal belief of emperors, but it is still dominated by political utilization.

One is to use Taoist gods to create the theory of imperial power, so as to deify the imperial power and the emperor.

The second is to use some Taoist magic to benefit the country and the people, and its essence is to use religion to achieve the goal of stabilizing society.

Third, Taoism is used to persuade the good and punish the evil to maintain the feudal morality of the Three Cardinals and the Five Permanent Principles.

The fourth is to use Taoism to restrain or oppose the spread and development of Buddhism and witchcraft.

Fifth, the quiet thought of Taoism is used as a strategy for governing the country and preserving health.

The sixth is to achieve immortality with Taoist immortal magic.

Since the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Wei Wudi worshiped Taoism and suppressed Buddhism, Liang Wudi worshiped Buddhism and suppressed Taoism, Emperor Wu of Zhou destroyed Buddhism, Emperor Wen of Sui respected Buddhism and suppressed Taoism, and Taoism worshiped Buddhism and suppressed Buddhism in the early Tang Dynasty. These major events at that time were mainly due to political considerations and were closely related to the political struggle at that time. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was a famous Taoist emperor in the history of China. During his nearly half-century rule, from beginning to end,

The seventh chapter is the formation of Taoist theory of mind and nature in Tang Dynasty.

In the early Tang Dynasty, Taoism was deficient in the integrity and profundity of its theoretical achievements, and was often at a disadvantage of Buddhism in thought. At this time, people of insight in Taoism based on the knowledge of Taoism, Laozi and Zhuangzi in China culture, absorbed the essence of righteousness in Buddhist figures, and put forward many new explanations and new concepts on philosophical issues such as the natural universe, social life and so on. Cheng's Taoist thought of valuing metaphysics is its representative. The exposition of Cheng Chongxuan's theory mainly includes the following three aspects: first, the profound perfection of metaphysics theory; Second, Taoism's own theory of natural exclusiveness was transformed from Guo Xiang's metaphysical thought in Wei and Jin Dynasties. Third, deepen the theory of truth and nature of Taoist philosophy.

The core of Cheng Zhong's metaphysical thought is metaphysics and metaphysics. Its content is: Tao is nameless, intangible and unspeakable, but namelessness is the beginning of heaven and earth, and fame is the mother of all things. Although the name is different, it is the same as the road. This profound realm of sophistication is called metaphysics. If we can understand the profound and profound meaning of Tao, it will open the key to understanding the heart of all things in the world. Cheng's theory of truth actually shows such a logical way of thinking and belief: that is, the nature of Tao is natural and static, and all beings who cultivate Taoism, like everything else, are endowed with Tao and natural metaplasia, so the nature of all beings should also be inaction. However, after being endowed with nature, all beings gradually indulge in material desires and lose their nature due to the temptation and interference of foreign objects. The only way to save them is to keep quiet.

Li Rong is another Taoist priest with unique academic research and contribution in the field of heavy metaphysics after Cheng. He wrote.

Sima Cheng town (647-735 AD) Baiyun, his Taoist philosophy can be summarized as: 1. Taoism is the origin of all things in the universe. He pays attention to life science and health cultivation. He also divided the cultivation of Taoist mind into seven steps: respecting faith, accepting life, accepting heart, simplifying, realizing truth, being peaceful and realizing Tao.

Chapter IX Teaching of Taoist Commandments in Tang Dynasty

There are many schools of Taoism, and each school has different tastes. Therefore, the classics taught are different. Generally speaking, lay people are often called secular disciples. After worshipping the orthodox school, he can become a pure-hearted and halal disciple. When he officially entered the Taoist school, he can be called the orthodox school scholar. Later, he was promoted to be a disciple of Huang San, a cave god, and he was a magician of the highest cave god. Later, he became a disciple of Gao Xuan School and a master of Gao Xuan. Then he moved to the Xuanzang Sect and became a disciple of Xuannei Sect and a master of Xuanzang. On the next level, he will become a master of Dong Xuan, Dong Zhen, Dong San and Dong Da. Only after obtaining the title of Master Dong Zhen, no matter which sect he belongs to, can he be warned again and promoted to the position of the highest Taoist mage.

Chapter X Taoism Teaching in Tang Dynasty

"Rou" usually refers to the story of recording the contribution of immortals to Cao Cao, the names and genera of ten immortals, summoning the services of gods and officials, and practicing magic. It is an important part of Taoist teaching methods, so it is also called Farou in Taoism, and Farou's books must have related symbols, which are sometimes collectively referred to as Fu Rou in Taoist classics. Taoist mages believe that Rouwen is composed of articles, and the names of many immortals are arranged in the article, which has become the basis of practice. In fact, Taoism originated in Zhang Daoling. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Taoists have advocated spells, firmly believing that they are taught by the gods, reciting the names of heavenly officials and goddesses in books, and all natural things are governed by me and protected by the gods.

Zheng Yi Meng is a friend of the law: it is a collection of all the teachings of Zheng Yi Meng since the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Also known as Wei Baoyou, the greatest and highest. The third refers to the three talents of heaven and earth, and the fifth is the total number of Huang Zhong, and Yuan Jing is steadfast. Zheng Yifa's travels began in Zhang Daoling, and he sneaked into the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

The boy on the Tai Shang is a general-this is the first rule that Zhang Tianshi must accept when he enters the Taoist school.

Taishang Zhengyi, the immortal officer, awarded a 75-year-old general to Yu Yang.

Too old gentleman is a clever officer, and seventy-five will be awarded to women as Yin.

Taishang, Three, Five, Right, One Alliance, Wei Xianling, and 150 generals-Commander of Yin and Yang.

Taishang, three, five, right, one joint, three yuan, general

Too high, three, five, right, one joint, Dewey, Tianjiu, Jiu Feng, broken filth.

Tai Shang San Zheng Wu Yimeng Wei bu hang dang

It's too high, three, five, yes, an alliance, and all ghosts call it.

Too high, three, five, yes, an alliance, threatening to kill thousands of ghosts and gods.

Tai Shang Huang's Five Signs, One Meng Wei Tai Xuan and Four Forbidden Reed

Too high, three, five, right, one alliance, Wei, red official, fight evil

Taiwan businessmen three Zheng Wu Yimeng Dewey Zhang Biyin building

Zhengyipin Lu Zhi

Huang San, the god of caves, made a law (the contents of the scriptures of the Emperor, the Yellow Emperor and the People's Emperor have been omitted, please contact Qing Zi Long if necessary).

Bufa Road, Gao Xuan

Lingbao department method

Lingbao Five Blessingg

Lao Liu jun Jia mi fu

Ba Guan Tian Shu

The inner sound of the sky

True shape map of five mountains

Supernatant method

Taiwanese businessman Hu Kun is rich and friendly.

Flying too high is also empty.

Three elites and three rubens of Taiwanese businessmen

Taiwanese businessmen are eating raw meat in the mountains

Ling Fei and Liu Jia.

Tai Xuan he tu JIU xing constellation

Clear Qu Su's last words

Eight powers summon dragons.

Enlighten the spirit and make it true.

There is no reason to fall apart.

Sanyuan meet yuan

Academic circles call the Tang Dynasty the golden age of Taoist alchemy for many reasons. The feudal rulers in the Tang Dynasty admired Taoism, and many emperors were superstitious about Taoist alchemy, which greatly promoted the development of Taoist alchemy, but the main reason was the historical development of Taoist alchemy itself. Due to the differences in some major principles, especially the different opinions on what medicine to use as raw materials for returning to Dan, different schools of alchemy have been formed, among which the most emphasis is on the refining and baiting of alchemy and cinnabar. Lead-mercury school that advocates taking lead and mercury as the most valuable drugs; Many practical achievements of alchemy are of great significance in the history of ancient chemistry, among which the most famous ones are Shenfu Baixuedan, Huangdi Jiuding Dan and Laojun Huandan.

Taoist organizations

Taoist organizations

Chinese Taoist Association, provincial local Taoist Association, regional and municipal local Taoist Association,