1. How to eat correctly for diabetes?
Sanyi: (1) Whole grains, such as naked oats powder, buckwheat powder, oatmeal, corn flour, purple yam, etc., are rich in vitamin B, various trace elements and dietary fiber, and low-sugar and low-starch foods or coarse grains and vegetables are the staple foods; (2) beans and bean products. Bean food is rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins, and soybean oil contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides. (3) Bitter gourd, mulberry leaf, onion, mushroom, grapefruit and pumpkin can lower blood sugar, which is the most ideal food for diabetics. If it can be eaten for a long time, the effect of lowering blood sugar and preventing complications will be better.
Three inappropriateness: People with diabetes should also be alert to the "three inappropriateness" in their daily diet. (1) Don't eat all kinds of sugar, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, jam, ice cream, sweet biscuits, sweet bread and sugar-free cakes, as well as sugar-free biscuits and foods, which basically contain a lot of starch, because these foods are high in sugar content and prone to hyperglycemia; (2) It is not advisable to eat foods with high cholesterol and animal fat, such as animal brain, liver, heart, lung, waist, egg yolk, fat, butter, pig, cow and sheep oil. These foods are easy to raise blood lipids and cause atherosclerosis; (3) it is not advisable to drink alcohol. Alcohol can make blood sugar fluctuate. When drinking heavily on an empty stomach, severe hypoglycemia can occur, and drunkenness can often cover up the manifestations of hypoglycemia, which is difficult to find and very dangerous.
2, scientific diet
As the saying goes, "Food is the most important thing for the people". For diabetic patients, correct diet is the key link in diabetes treatment, and the quality of control directly affects the development of the disease.
First, make a diet plan. Every patient's situation is different. You can ask a dietitian to make a preliminary diet plan according to the comprehensive diet structure, patients' subjective symptoms and objective test results. But this is not once and for all. You can go back once a month at most, and then make adjustments. In addition, the daily diet should be adjusted in time according to the dining situation, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring and gastrointestinal function.
Second, reasonably match the energy ratio. Reasonable control of total energy is the main principle of nutritional treatment for diabetes mellitus, and it is appropriate to maintain or slightly lower than the ideal weight. Protein must account for more than 1/3 of the total daily energy; The daily fat intake should not exceed 30%.
Third, the distribution of three meals should be reasonable. Sugar friends with stable condition should ensure at least three meals a day. Sugar friends who are prone to hypoglycemia and blood sugar fluctuations need to add meals appropriately. Eat 5~6 times a day, and divide the food with the same weight into 6 portions, so the pressure of each portion is naturally reduced, which not only ensures the total intake of one day, but also prevents excessive intake of one meal and raises blood sugar.
Fourth, there is a stress on controlling salt in diet. Many patients often say that their salt intake is well controlled. For example, they use a salt-limiting spoon every time they cook, but they ignore many "salt-containing households", such as monosodium glutamate, chicken essence, soy sauce, bean curd, pickles, pickles and puffed food. Therefore, to avoid eating too much salt, we should start from two aspects: one is to eat less tangible salt, and the other is to eat less intangible salt.
Diet misunderstanding: Many people think that eating staple food is easy to raise blood sugar, so they eat less or don't eat staple food. This understanding is not entirely correct. First of all, the staple food is a complex carbohydrate, and blood sugar will not rise rapidly after eating it. Secondly, staple food can provide energy for human activities and is also the most economical source of human nutrition. Eating less or not eating may lead to excessive fat and protein, while insufficient total energy will lead to excessive decomposition of body fat and protein, resulting in emaciation, malnutrition and even hunger ketosis. It is recommended to drink plenty of water every day and often drink some ginger tea, which can play a very good preventive role and increase the water needed by the body. In addition, we must do it: usually eat slowly and eat only seven or eight points full; Don't smoke, don't drink, don't stay up late, have more rest and exercise; Regular inspection; Control blood sugar, and strive for a phased effect in five or six months.
3, the principle of diet
The first main principle of diabetic diet is to control diet. Lowering blood sugar is actually eating less or not eating foods that are easy to cause blood sugar to rise. For example, sugary foods, such as candy, soda, cola, candied fruit, honey, sugary drinks and various Chinese and western desserts, should be eaten less; If you like sweets, it is recommended to use saccharin or aspartame as a substitute sugar to flavor. In addition, foods with high starch content should also be restricted, such as sweet potato, potato, taro, corn, water chestnut, sesame seed cake, roasted vegetables and radish cake. Especially all kinds of new year's food, such as zongzi, moon cakes and rice cakes, are especially taboo for diabetics.
The second main principle of diabetes diet is to eat less food that is too sweet, too salty and too oily, and it is best not to eat it. Because obesity is the enemy of diabetes, and diabetics are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular diseases than ordinary people, it is very important to control the intake of oil. In addition, eat less fried, fried, crispy and high-fat foods, such as fat, pigskin, pine nuts, walnuts, peanuts and so on. At the same time, we should control meat food, reduce the intake of animal fat, and use vegetable oil to cook food. In addition, some foods with high cholesterol content, such as animal viscera, egg yolk and seafood, should also be eaten less. As far as cooking is concerned, we should try our best to use light and less oily methods, such as stewing, roasting, marinating, braising in soy sauce, steaming, boiling and cold salad.
4. Diet therapy
1. Dietotherapy is a treatment that all diabetic patients need to adhere to. Mild cases can achieve good results mainly through diet therapy, and moderate and severe patients must also apply physiotherapy and drug therapy reasonably on the basis of diet therapy. Only by controlling diet, oral hypoglycemic drugs or islets can play a good role. Otherwise, it is difficult to achieve good results in clinic by blindly relying on so-called new drugs and drugs and ignoring diet therapy.
2, diet should be adjusted at any time according to the condition, flexible grasp. Thin patients can relax appropriately to ensure the total calories. Obese patients must strictly control their diet and focus on a low-calorie fat diet to lose weight. For patients treated with insulin, we should pay attention to adding meals at 9~ 10, 3~4 pm or before going to bed as appropriate to prevent hypoglycemia. When manual labor or activities are long, attention should also be paid to appropriately increasing staple food or dinner.
3, diabetes diet should scientifically arrange staple food and non-staple food, can not only pay attention to staple food and despise non-staple food. Although staple food is the main source of blood sugar and should be controlled, some protein and fat in non-staple food can also become blood sugar and become the source of blood sugar. In metabolism, 58% of protein and 10% of fat are converted into glucose. Eating too much of this kind of non-staple food will also make people fat, which is not good for their illness. Therefore, in addition to reasonable control of staple food, non-staple food should also be reasonably matched, otherwise the expected effect will not be achieved.
5. Preventive measures
1, normal quantitative sum. Regular ration refers to dinner. Normal people suggest eating three meals a day regularly, and the amount of food per meal is basically stable. The purpose of doing this is to better match hypoglycemic drugs, so as not to have high and low blood sugar. Parts refer to snacks. Under the condition of good blood sugar control, we can allow patients to eat fruits to supplement vitamins. But eating is different from normal people. Generally, it is not advisable to eat immediately after meals. You can choose to eat fruit 2 hours after meals. When eating, divide the fruit into several meals, for example, eat an apple 2~4 times instead of eating it all at once. The more times the meal is divided, the less influence it has on blood sugar.
2, eat dry and not eat thin. It is recommended that diabetics try to eat' dry'. For example: steamed bread, rice, cakes. Instead of eating noodles, porridge/rice, noodle soup, noodles, etc. The reason is that the thinner the diet, the longer the cooking time, the softer and worse the food, which means that the better the digestion, the faster the sugar rises, so no matter what porridge is not suitable for eating.
3. Eat hard but not soft. In the diet of diabetics, it is also dry, and we suggest' hard' rather than' soft'. For the same reason.
4. Eat green instead of red. There is so much food that many patients are not sure which one I should eat or not. Generally green, mostly plants containing chlorophyll, such as green vegetables. Red has a high sugar content and is not suitable for eating. If you eat cucumbers and tomatoes with the same weight, tomatoes can obviously increase sugar. So in the case of uncertainty,' green' is generally safer.
6. Eat broccoli to lower blood sugar.
Eating broccoli can reverse the damage of diabetes to the heart and blood vessels. The key point is that broccoli contains a sulforaphane, also called sulforaphane. Sulforaphane is an enzyme that promotes vascular protection, which can reduce up to 73% of molecules that destroy cells, called reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Broccoli is rich in nutrients and contains chromium, which can help people who love sugar to improve insulin sensitivity and help control blood sugar. The calorie per100g of broccoli is138.13kJ, and the glycemic index is 26, 70g per day is appropriate.
The best way for diabetics to eat broccoli.
Ingredients: 200g broccoli, oil, salt, soy sauce and sesame oil.
Practice: break the broccoli into small flowers, wash it for later use, blanch it with boiling water (not too long, just cut it off), then take it out and mix well with salt, monosodium glutamate, soy sauce and sesame oil.
Can dandelion be drunk after it has been put for a long time?
1 You can drink it as long as it is not spoiled and moldy.
Dandelion can be divided into two kinds: dried dandelion and fresh dandelion. Dry dandelion can be stored for up to three years as long as it is dry and sealed. Fresh dandelion will slowly dry if it is left for a long time, and it can be drunk after dehydration and soaking.
How long can dandelion eat?
2 dried dandelions
The dried dandelion can be preserved for about three years in a well-sealed state;
Fresh dandelion
Fresh dandelion leaves will wither one day after they are bought home and dry in a week. Fresh dandelion will turn into dry dandelion, which can be preserved for a long time as long as it is not wet.
What are the benefits of drinking dandelion water?
3 diuresis and detumescence
Dandelion also has a name called bedwetting grass, which is about the diuretic effect of dandelion. Dandelion contains potassium to eliminate edema. Some people are swollen, which has a lot to do with the excess water in the body. Drinking more dandelion tea can induce diuresis and reduce swelling.
Remove acne
Acne is generally caused by excessive internal heat. Dandelion is a cold food, which has the health care function of clearing away heat and toxic materials. After drinking, it can relieve summer heat and reduce acne. So, you can try dandelion acne.
When is the best time to dig dandelion?
It is best to dig in autumn.
The best soaking time for fresh dandelion is spring and summer. Dandelion is the most tender in spring. Dandelion in summer has grown up and matured. Just soak in water and eat. In autumn, dandelion's nutrition began to shift to the roots. It is best to dig out at this time.
How to preserve dandelion?
Fresh dandelions can be washed and dried naturally in a ventilated place, and then sealed and stored, or washed and put into fresh-keeping bags and frozen in the refrigerator, which is also a good storage method for dandelions. You can choose according to your own needs.
Although many foods can't be eaten by diabetics, the nutrition at ordinary times can't be less. The first thing diabetics should ensure is a regular diet, eat more whole grains, eat less foods with high starch content and eat more vegetables. Usually, blood sugar should be monitored frequently to prevent blood sugar from rising.