Adaptation period: the adaptation stage of microorganisms to the environment after entering a new growth environment;

Logarithmic growth period: also known as logarithmic growth period, microorganisms begin to divide and reproduce at high speed after adapting to the environment, and maintain this reproduction rate for a certain period of time;

Stable period: with the consumption of nutrients, the accumulation of metabolites, the change of pH value and other factors, the microbial reproduction rate decreased and the number remained relatively stable;

Decline: The environment is increasingly unfavorable for the continuous growth of microorganisms, and the catabolism of cells is greater than the anabolism, resulting in a large number of cell deaths.