In addition, where the capital of a country is, it doesn't have to be decided by the glorious history. Historic cities and even the largest cities in many countries are not capitals. For example, countries such as the United States and Australia, where the capital is located, may be affected by multiple factors. After all, history has passed, and Nanjing's previous glory may not have passed Xi 'an. So this is not the main reason to decide where the capital of our country is.
Nanjing has close water sources and convenient transportation. But it is the capital of new China, but Nanjing was the first to be eliminated. Just after the Republic of China, it is not difficult for the new regime to choose the capital. From the perspective of ancient China, only when the metropolis is in the north can the whole country be unified. This is true in Qin, Han, Jin, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. The Three Kingdoms, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Song Jindu was a period of relative balance of power, and there was no question of unification. Moreover, when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, enemy planes bombed Shanghai and built its capital in Nanjing, which was not a safe place.
At the end of 1949, there were more than 600,000 Kuomintang troops. Once the enemy forcibly lands, there is no danger of defense near Nanjing, and it is very likely that they will have to retreat temporarily. In 37 years, the Japanese army came from Shanghai, the national army retreated all the way to Sichuan, and Jiangsu and Hubei were all lost. Therefore, once the capital is established, it cannot be easily transferred, and the location needs to be properly considered. Similarly, Nanjing is not only not the capital, but even a municipality directly under the central government. There is a relatively developed big city Shanghai nearby.
1949 chose Beijing, partly because Beijing was the capital of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties and formed a core atmosphere. Beijing is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the mountains are surrounded. It is very good in terms of geomantic omen, and it happens to be the throat position from northeast to north China, with convenient transportation and distinct seasons. Moreover, Beijing was peacefully liberated at the beginning of 1949, and it is very well preserved. One more thing, at that time, Beijing was close to the Soviet Union, and the railway was accessible. Once Beijing is threatened, it can retreat north to the northeast and west to Xi. Such a comparison, the conditions are more suitable than Nanjing.
Extended data
Nanjing belongs to the hilly area of Ningzhenyang, mainly with low mountains and gentle hills. Low mountains account for 3.5% of the total land area, hills account for 4.3%, hills account for 53%, and plains, depressions, rivers and lakes account for 39.2%.
Ningzhen Mountain Range and Laoshan Mountain in the north of the Yangtze River run through the middle of the city. There are Hengshan Mountain and Donglu Mountain in the south, which are located in the southern boundary of the hilly area of Qinhuai River Basin. Nanjing's plane position is long from north to south and narrow from east to west, forming a positive north-south direction; The straight-line distance between north and south is 150km, the middle is 50-70km wide from east to west, and the north and south ends are about 30km wide from east to west. The southern part is a landform complex composed of low mountains, hills, valley plains, lakeside plains and rivers along the river.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing