The fabric of the loom is empty, far and near the East. How can you freeze your feet with hemp sandals? Proud, playboy, the road is crowded with cars. Coming and going taught me heartache, such as heartbroken.
The spring water is cool, and firewood is cut to be baptized. Sadness can't sleep, long sigh, pity us patients. Cut off branches for firewood and go back to the truck. Poor us, patients, should rest.
Children in eastern countries, hard service, no one asked. Zhou people's bad clothes are gorgeous and fresh. It is the boatman's son, and the bear's bear is on him. The children of those slaves are all servants in the yamen.
Some people drink alcohol, while others don't drink rice paste. Yuan, not only Germany has expertise. Look at the Milky Way on that day, sparkling and shining. Three of the three, Vega, seven times a day.
Even if the weaver girl is busy, she can't knit a stripe well. The morning glory is shiny, and the cart can't be pulled to load the box. Venus is called Venus in the East and Chang Gung in the West. Biba star bends long and the net is on the road.
The dustpan star is in the south, so you can't winnow the chaff. There is also a ladle, which can't be used to scoop wine. The dustpan star is in the south, with a big tongue. There is the South Big Dipper in the north, to the west and east of the handle.
To annotate ...
(1) tapir (méng): The food looks full. Ancient: An ancient food container with a round mouth, round feet, a lid and a seat, made of bronze or pottery, used by the ruling class. (ū n): cooked food, dinner.
(2) Yi (qíu): looking at the curve. Spine dagger: a spoon made of jujube wood.
(3) Zhou Dao: Dao. Polishing: sharpening stone, used to describe smooth roads.
(4) Gentleman: the person in the ruling class, as opposed to the "villain" in the next sentence. A villain is a person who is ruled.
(5) juàn: Like Ju Ran, I am attached to looking back.
(6) Meng (shān): tearful.
(7) Small East and Big East: In the Western Zhou Dynasty, with Haojing as the center, the eastern vassal states were collectively referred to as the Eastern States, and were divided by distance, with the nearest being Small East and the farthest being Big East.
(8) Zhuoyou (zhüzhóu): the shuttle of the loom; Grapefruit, the same as the "axis", is the big axis of the loom; Collectively referred to as looms.
(9) correction: tangled appearance. Kudzu vine: kudzu vine cloth can be made from kudzu vine, kudzu grass and stem bark; Hey, shoes.
(10) gram: pass "and" (in the words of Yu Yue).
(1 1) Wa (tiāo) Wa: Yu Yi is frivolous.
(12) Zhou Xing (háng): same as "Zhou Dao". All right, we're on our way.
(13) guǐ spring: The spring water flowing out from the side due to the blocked spring flow is narrow and long.
(14) Paid: firewood cutting. Wang Zongshi's classic explanation holds that "fire" is an excuse of "East", that is, elm trees, such as thorns, chestnuts, firewood, Dongshan and Chezhi in Kaifeng in the Book of Songs.
(15) Deeds: Worried about appearance. Sigh: sigh without sleep.
(16) Fear: Like boils, fatigue leads to illness.
(17) labor: engaged in labor. Lai: The word "cut" is borrowed for comfort. Or for the "cloud" to borrow words, reward. All passed.
(18) Westerners: Zhou people.
(19) boatman: Jian Zheng: "A boat is like a week." When it comes to the people of Zhou, they are the lowest people in the Zhou Dynasty.
(20) Bears are fur: fur robes made of bear skins and horse bear skins. As soon as this remark came out, he said that "autumn is chasing", which means hunting bears. Both theories make sense.
(2 1) Private: domestic slave.
(22): You are a servant of Li Hebai.
(23) Paper pulp: rice pulp.
(24) Wei (juān) Wei: Describe the jade circle (or long). Suí: Nobles wear inlaid jewels.
Not because of its length, but because of it. Long, good. Jian Zheng: "Pei's sudden official career is prosperous, which is not his talent's strength. He is beautiful and has no virtue, and he is a vegetarian."
(26) Korea: Galaxy.
(27) prison: the same as "prison", according to.
(28) Gang (qí): same as "Qi", bifurcated. Weaver Girl: The name of a constellation consisting of three stars, which is triangular and located on the north side of the Milky Way.
(29) Seven townships: Seven relocations. The ancients divided the day into twelve hours, from Shi Mao to Youyou into seven hours, and Vega moved every hour.
(30) Report: Report and reply refer to the reciprocating weaving of the shuttle thread of the loom; Chapter two, warp and weft texture. If you can't make a newspaper, you can't weave.
(3 1): Beautiful appearance. Petunia: The name of a constellation consisting of three stars, also known as Hegu Star, commonly known as Altair, is located on the south side of the Milky Way.
(32) Service box: carried with the vehicle. Clothing, load; Box, bucket.
(33) Qi Ming and Chang Gung: Venus (also known as Taibai Star) is called Qi Ming in the East in the morning and Chang Gung in the West in the evening.
(34) Tianbi: A constellation consisting of Bixing and eight stars, which looks like a rabbit trap, with a small net and a long handle, and a rabbit in it.
(35) History: Zhang.
(36) dustpan star: commonly known as dustpan star, it is a constellation consisting of four stars, which looks like a dustpan, and there is a dustpan mouth between two stars that are far apart.
(37) Dou: Nandou constellation, located in the north of Jixing.
(38) Hey: spoon.
(39): attraction. Suck your tongue. The dustpan star has a narrow bottom and a big mouth, as if it were swallowed by sucking its tongue inward.
(40) Jiexi Handle: Nandou constellation is a barrel with a handle, and the celestial body runs, and its handle is often in the west. Lift it up. Lift it up. This sentence describes that the west holds the handle of the East.
translate
The basket is full of cooked food, and the jujube spoon is curved and long. The road is as flat as a millstone and as straight as an arrow shaft. Nobles often come and go on the road, but Wang Can just stares. I turned my head and felt sad, and my clothes were wet with tears.
In small countries in the Far East and the Near East, looms are empty. How can you step on the frost when the linen sandals are wrapped and tied? Proud son, full of vehicles on the road. It comes and goes, and it hurts me.
The spring water is clear and cold, so don't soak the firewood. Sigh because you can't sleep long, and pity us sick people. Cut off branches for firewood and put them back. Pity us sick people. We should have a rest, but we can't.
Children in eastern countries, hard labor, no one asked. Gentleman of Zhou Dynasty, the clothes are gorgeous and fresh. It's the boatman's child, and the bear is wearing a fur robe. The children of those slaves are all servants in the yamen.
Some people drink alcohol, while others can't drink rice paste. Yuan Yuanbao Yu Pei is not a talented person with expertise. Look at the milky way in the sky, shining. Three Vega legs move seven times a day.
Even though the weaver girl was busy moving, she didn't knit the heraldic coat. Petunia's three stars are shining, so it's hard to pull a cart and pack a box. Venus is called Qi Ming in the East and Chang Gung Memorial in the West. The handle of the eight stars is bent very long, and the net is open on the road.
There is a dustpan star in the south sky. You can't winnow rice without lifting chaff. There is a south bucket in the north, so you can't use it to scoop wine pulp. There is a dustpan star in the south sky with a wide tongue. In the north, there is a South Big Dipper, which raises its handle to the east in the west.
Distinguish and appreciate
In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the "Three Supervisors" rebelled, and Wu Geng, a descendant of Shang Dynasty, joined forces with the old Eastern countries (now Qufu, Shandong Province), Gu Shipu (now Boxing, Shandong Province), Xu Yi and Huaiyi to fight against the Zhou Dynasty. After three years of war, the Duke of Zhou conquered Wu Geng, destroyed the "three prisons" and destroyed the seventeen countries. Then, it moved to Yinyi, and the feudal countries named Ji (Lu, Qi, Wei and Yan) monitored the small eastern countries and implemented district management. Small countries near Haojing are collectively referred to as Xiaodong, while those far away are collectively referred to as Dadong. In order to strengthen control, a strategic highway from Haojiang to the eastern countries was built. According to Yizhoushu: "When you open a temple, there are suburbs in five miles, wells in ten miles and houses in twenty miles." The so-called "Zhou Dao". Or "Zhou Xing", transporting troops and munitions from the west to the east, and then transporting them back to the west to pay tribute and collect wealth. For small eastern countries, this is like a blood vessel. This poem describes the oppression, labor, hardship, resentment and deep sigh that the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty brought to the conquered peoples in the East through this Zhou Dao.
"Preface to Shi Mao" said: The chaos of "Dadong" is also. Dongguo is trapped in labor and hurts money. Dr. Tan wrote poems about his illness. "There is basically no big difference between the notes and explanations of past dynasties. To be sure, this is a poem by the subjects of the conquered eastern vassal States complaining about the rule of the Zhou Dynasty.
The preface shows that the author is Dr. Tan Guo, but his surname, experience and life age are hard to find. Tan Guo is now in the southeast of Jinan City, Shandong Province. According to truffles, the area is Dadong. Judging from the meaning of this poem, he is a doctor in the ancient East. Because of the thoughts and feelings in the poem, it is absolutely impossible for him to be born in the name of Ji when a big country was established. His opposition to "westerners" reflected the contradiction between the conqueror Zhou Dynasty and the ruling class of the conquered ancient eastern countries. The decline of his position made him cry out to go along with the people, which also reflected the contradiction between the ruling class of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the people of the conquered countries. Some people say that this is a folk song, which is wrong. This is a poem written by a scholar-bureaucrat and sung in elegant music, not a folk song sung in folk music.
According to the Ten Years of Zuo Zhuan and Zhuang Gong, the writing time of this poem was 684 BC, when Qi sent troops to destroy this small country because Tan was rude to him. In the early Eastern Zhou Dynasty, it could only be written before Tan's demise. The historical background of poetry is that when the ruling power of the Zhou Dynasty was strong, the royal family of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty had declined. Yao Jiheng's "The Book of Songs" said that at the end of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when the king was in seclusion, the order was still in the hands of the governors, so the people of Dong Bang governors were very worried. Moving eastward will not work. " Yao believes that it should be in the era at the latest, which is difficult to verify, and he can only be sure that his creation was in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
This is a long poem. The whole poem is closely structured and distinct, echoing before and after. Through comparison and metaphor, the plight of the people in the East and the poet's anger and passion for struggle are shown from the real world, not the illusory starry sky. The train of thought is progressive and strange, and the meaning is rich and profound.
The first chapter is "food". From Passion to the Relationship with Zhou Dao. From the different circumstances of "gentleman" and "villain", the poet's sadness is expressed. Zhu explained this chapter: "Today, everyone who cares about it shed tears, but they were forced to serve in the East and lost to Zhou in the West." (Biography of Poems) This explanation is correct.
The second chapter is about clothes. Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs said: "Pomelo is empty, this sentence is actually written." All the cloth on the loom is collected, Wang is wearing broken sandals and stepping on the frost, and his sons are still squeezing blood to make a detour. This revelation is quite profound.
The third chapter is about labor. Take firewood as a metaphor, which means that people who are tired should recuperate. Yan can explain the Book of Poetry: "If you pay for it, you must expose it and then use it. If you soak in a cold spring, it will get wet. Yumin should be given a pension and then used. If you are trapped in an authoritarian government, you will be tired and unable to win. "
The fourth chapter writes that the treatment is unfair. "The sons of the East can't work hard", while "the sons of the West can make clothes"; Even the people at the end of the Zhou Dynasty were "bears for hills", and the children of domestic slaves were "trying". Through such a typical image contrast, it reflects the disparity of unequal social, economic and political status between the rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the conquered peoples in the East.
The fifth chapter is the transition of the whole poem. The first half continues to write about unfair social phenomena. Zheng said to him, "Pei's success is not his talent. It is beautiful, without virtue, and it is vegetarian. " In the second half, he naturally turned his eyes to the sky. Yao Jiheng's General Theory of the Book of Songs said: "Where there is Han, there is light in prison. These two sentences do not have to be meaningful. Covered in the middle of the night, looking up at the sky and sighing, I saw that there was light in the Tianhe River, that is, what I saw to express my sorrow. " The following two sentences are also felt by heaven. "Weaving clothes, seven fragrant flowers all day long" is the echo of the second chapter "You can't make a newspaper", which leads to the next chapter "Don't make a newspaper". This chapter is a link between the past and the future, and the transition is natural.
Chapter 6 Facing the colorful starry sky, galloping imagination. The poet complained that the weaver girl could not weave cloth or silk, and Petunia could not pull or transport the cart. He was poor in the morning and poor in the evening, and laughed at Bi Xing for putting a net on the road for nothing. The whole moving celestial body can't solve the difficulties for the king.
Chapter 7 gives a more in-depth description of constellation images. Analysis of Wang Xianqian's Collection of Three Poets: "Although the last four sentences are the same as the last four, they are divided into two meanings. Stab on the air, stab on the people. "The dustpan star can't winnow rice bran, and the southern bucket star can't scoop wine pulp, which are all nominal. Moreover, the dustpan star opened its mouth and spit out a long tongue, and the bucket star raised its handle from west to east. For example, Ouyang Xiu's "The Original Meaning of Poetry" explains: "It is not only useless to skip, but to eat with your mouth open; "If you fight the West, you will get something from the East." Such "complaining about heaven" is just complaining about reality, revealing that the so-called "heaven" is serving the Zhou Dynasty and squeezing the king of the East. This ending deepens the theme.
Symbolism, metaphor, sharp contrast and rich fantasy imagination are the artistic features of this poem. Wu Kaisheng's poem "A Yi Hui Pass" commented: "The literary talent is wonderful, but it is impossible to be square. In "Elegant Style", it is a different word, and it is the first sound of ci and fu. The wording in the second half is very similar to Li Sao, and it is also a wonderful work of three generations. " Wu's "whimsical" refers to the unrestrained imagination and strange metaphors, creating rich and strange images, flying from the human world to the starry sky and from the starry sky to the human world, combining the real world with the fantasy world, and integrating realistic description with romantic imagination. Wu's "the first sound of Ci and Fu" just pointed out the far-reaching influence of this artistic technique on Qu Yuan's Fu.
Source: http://www.gushiwen.org/GuShiWen_a1f2d3c778.aspx.