After being demoted twice, the Zheng family began to admire him and finally hated him.
Shi Lang, 162 1, is a native of Yakou, Jinjiang City, Fujian Province. From an early age, he was amazing in strength and outstanding in knowledge. His family had high hopes for him, and he demanded fame and worship his ancestors. But he is not good at martial arts and has little interest in official career. Later, with the decline of family life, Shi Lang gave up literature and studied martial arts and art of war instead. At that time, there were fires everywhere in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Shi Lang has an uncle named Shifu, who is the confidant of Zheng Zhilong, the company commander of the Ming Dynasty. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, Shi Lang left his hometown and went to his uncle Zheng Zhilong. Because of his outstanding military exploits, Shi Lang was quickly promoted to guerrilla general. 1646165438+10. When Zheng Zhilong, an official of Nanming at that time, saw that the tide was over, he secretly sent someone to contact the Qing Dynasty. After Zheng Zhilong surrendered, General Boluo of the Qing Dynasty promised him to be the governor of Fujian and Guangdong. Although his son Zheng Chenggong tried his best to persuade and obstruct him, Zheng Zhilong led the ministries including Lang Lang to Fuzhou for customs clearance. However, after turning himself in, Zheng Zhilong found himself cheated. Instead of becoming the governor of Fujian and Guangdong, he was taken hostage by Boluo and placed under house arrest in Beijing. The officers and men who went south with Zheng Zhilong were forcibly assigned to the Qing army barracks, and Shi Lang was incorporated into the Qing army to attack the Nanming regime. 1648, Shi Lang learned that Zheng Chenggong was fighting the Qing Dynasty, so he led his younger brother Shi Xian and several ministers to take refuge in Zheng Chenggong.
Zheng Chenggong, who was three years younger than Shi Lang, was short-lived and weak at that time, and attached great importance to Shi Lang's military talents. He was appointed as a left-wing pioneer and regarded as his right-hand man. Shi Lang also served Zheng Chenggong wholeheartedly, leading troops to capture Zhangpu and Jieyang, which enhanced Zheng Chenggong's prestige and power. However, after a long period of time, some Shi Lang and Zheng Chenggong, who are proud of their talents, a promising young man, constantly clashed and their relationship gradually deteriorated.
1April 652, the "Zengde Incident" finally led to Shi Lang and Zheng Chenggong parting ways. Zeng De, the pacesetter of Shi Lang, once committed the capital crime of violating military law. Afraid of being punished by Shi Lang, he went to Zheng Chenggong for asylum, and Zheng Chenggong promoted him to be his relative. Hearing this, Shi Lang was furious and sent someone to arrest Zeng De and behead him. Zheng Chenggong flew into a rage and ordered the arrest of Shi Lang, his father Shi Daxuan and his younger brother Shi Xian. Later, Shi Lang plotted to escape, and Zheng Chenggong executed Shi Lang's father and brother in a rage. Shi Lang hated Zheng Chenggong, determined to take refuge in the Qing Dynasty, and vowed to retaliate against Zheng Chenggong for killing his father and brother. I heard that Shi Lang took the initiative. Li Ling, governor of Fujian and Zhejiang of the Qing army, was overjoyed and immediately went to court. The Qing court responded quickly, appointed Shi Lang as the deputy commander of Tongan Qing army, and quickly promoted him to Tongan company commander. When Shi Lang's old men learned that he had been demoted, many people followed him. In this way, Shi Lang changed from a close comrade-in-arms of Zheng Chenggong to a powerful enemy.
After three failed attacks in Taiwan Province Province, the "Minister of Interior" was depressed 13 years.
1662, Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province province occupied by the Dutch invaders under the cover of dense fog. In Taiwan Province Island, Zheng Chenggong took the Ming Dynasty as his orthodoxy, dreaming of realizing the great cause of "fighting against the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight" one day. Unfortunately, this national hero died young, and the Zheng Group split for the throne of Yanping County and was succeeded by. General Zheng Jun supported his younger brother Zheng Jiwei, and General Xia Men recommended his eldest son Zheng Jing to succeed him to the throne. Finally, Zheng Jing resolved the contradiction and gained power. But he openly betrayed his father, claiming that Taiwan Province Province was far away from China, with the intention of splitting one side and facing the Qing court across the sea. Zheng Jing's abnormal behavior caused great indignation all over the world. Shi Lang, who was promoted to Fujian Navy at that time, suggested seizing the opportunity to occupy Kinmen and Xiamen. The Qing court adopted Shi Lang's suggestion, and let him collude with King Gengjimao of Jingnan and Governor Li to "suppress thieves". After World War I, the Qing army successfully recovered Jinmen and Xiamen, and Zheng Jing fled to Dongshan Island. 1In March of 664, Shi Lang led the troops to capture Dongshan Island, which made Zheng Jun lose all his strongholds along Fujian coast for more than 20 years. Later, Shi Lang put forward the idea of marching into the provincial capital of Taiwan Province, suggesting that Zheng Jing's unstable morale should be used to attack Penghu, and then go straight to the provincial capital of Taiwan Province to seek world reunification. The ambitious young Kangxi readily accepted Shi Lang's suggestion and appointed him General Jinghai, who was responsible for commanding the navy and looking for opportunities to attack Taiwan Province provinces.
1664165438+10. In October, Shi Lang chose the season with strong north wind in winter, and led the Qing navy to Taiwan Province provincial capital for the first time. Surprisingly, on the way to March, a typhoon suddenly occurred in Qingshuiyang, Taiwan Province Strait. The clouds are rolling and the waves are sky-high. Although Shi Lang had rich sailing experience, according to the shipbuilding level at that time, he couldn't bear such storms at all, so he ordered to return home. From March 1665 to April of the following year, Shi Lang launched two more attacks on Taiwan Province Province, but both were stranded by typhoons. The three-game losing streak in sending troops led many Manchu officials in North Korea to criticize Shi Lang, and some even suspected that Shi Lang did not really attack Taiwan Province Province. In the following years, the voice of the Qing court against Taiwan Province prevailed. Young Kangxi was very supportive of Shi Lang's ideas, but he had no choice but to listen to Ao Bai and other masters. 1668, Kangxi ordered the abolition of Fujian navy and burned all warships. The imperial court stopped discussing Taiwan Province by force and transferred Shi Lang to Beijing as the new minister. The minister of the interior is only a temporary worker. He felt very depressed because he was determined to appease Shi Lang in Taiwan Province Province by force. However, he was not discouraged. Instead, we will continue to pay attention to the trend of Fujian coastal areas, conscientiously sum up the lessons of failure, and slowly wait for the opportunity to make a comeback. Who knows? It has been 13 years.
Make a comeback and recover Taiwan Province Province with goodwill and prestige [/s2/]
168 1 year, Zheng Jing, who was in charge of Taiwan Province province, died, and Zheng's descendants once again competed for the throne. At this time, the Qing court had put down the "San Francisco Rebellion", and Emperor Kangxi also kept the throne, so he decided to unify Taiwan Province provinces by force. At this time, 60-year-old Shi Lang finally got the dream opportunity. On the recommendation of Yao Qisheng, the governor of Fujian, and Li Guangdi, a fellow countryman and university student in Shi Lang, Kangxi abdicated publicly, re-appointed Shi Lang as Fujian Navy, and added the title of "Prince Shao Bao" so that he could immediately return to Fujian and prepare to send troops. Before he left, Kangxi hosted a banquet for Shi Lang. During the dinner, he said enthusiastically, "Only I agree with your plan to solve the problem of Taiwan Province Province by force. I hope you can do your best and don't live up to my hopes! " Shi Lang was so grateful that he proudly said, "Although this veteran is six or two years old this year, he can still serve the emperor and the imperial court. If this trip fails again, I am willing to take responsibility. As soon as Shi Lang arrived in Xiamen, he prepared for the war day and night, almost forgetting to eat and sleep. In the process of training the navy.
Taiwan Province Province is a small island and lacks strategic depth. Penghu is the only barrier for its external defense. Once Penghu falls, Taiwan Province Province will not be divided. 1On June 4th, 983, Shi Lang led more than 300 large warships, more than 20,000 sailors and more than 230 small and medium-sized warships to set sail from Dongshan Island in Fujian for Penghu. 16 in the morning, Shi Lang launched the first attack on Zheng Jun in Penghu. 18, Shi Lang sent warships to occupy Hu Jing and Pan Tong Islands outside Penghu Port and clean up the periphery. On the 22nd, Shimizu launched an attack from three aspects: Shi Lang led a main force consisting of 56 large warships to attack the Niangniang Palace, the main position of Zheng Jun; Chen Mang, the first mate, led an eastern offensive force composed of 50 warships to invade Geelong Island from the east side of Penghu Port. As a special force, cooperate with attack force to attack the mother palace; The company commander Dong Yi and others led the western attack force composed of 50 warships to enter Niuxin Bay from the west side of the port, pretending to land and containing Zheng Jun in the west. In addition, the remaining 80 warships as a reserve force, follow up the main attack force. Both sides of the war knew that this was the first battle that decided their fate, so they fought each other fiercely for seven days and seven nights. Shi Lang skillfully took advantage of the favorable conditions of the southwest wind and adopted the tactics of "five-point plum blossom array", that is, surrounded Zheng Jun with several warships and concentrated their forces to fight. Suddenly, "Plum Blossoms" fluttered in the vast sea, and the Qing navy became more and more brave. In one fell swoop, the Penghu Islands were conquered, nearly 200 warships of Zheng Army were destroyed, more than 2,000 elite troops were annihilated, and nearly 5,000 troops were withdrawn. Zheng Jun's boss, Liu Guoxuan, fled back to Taiwan Province Province with several people familiar with the terrain.
When Penghu fell, Zheng Group immediately fell into chaos: those who advocated health preservation, defense and retreat to Luzon failed for a while. However, to their surprise, Shi Lang did not immediately send troops to attack Taiwan Province provinces, but was stationed in Penghu. While appeasing the local people, they sent people to save Zheng Jun who didn't die in diving. Shi Lang ordered the release of captured soldiers from Taiwan Province province to Taiwan Province province. Before he was released, he specifically stated: "I will never report personal grievances! The man who killed my father in those days is dead and has nothing to do with others. " He also vowed: "Not only will I not kill the soldiers, but I will never kill Zheng Jiaken if he surrenders." People around Shi Lang once asked, "The general and Zheng Furniture have a deep blood feud. Now Zheng's descendants have become fish in a pot and birds in a cage. Why not send troops to destroy relatives and avenge them? " Shiro said, "I will lead troops to attack Taiwan Province Province." This is a national activity. How can I take this opportunity to spread personal hatred? As long as Zheng Jia is really obedient, I won't hurt them, otherwise it will cause people's dissatisfaction and bring trouble to the people of Taiwan Province Province. "
At the same time, Shi Lang delivered a speech to the imperial court, suggesting that Zheng Group should adopt the policy of being close to the people, strive for the peaceful reunification of Taiwan Province Province, and protect the people of Taiwan Province Province from swords and swords. Kangxi appreciated Shi Lang's practice very much and announced that he agreed to his suggestion. Young Wang Yanping, Zheng Ke and Liu Guoxuan were afraid of Shi Lang's revenge and did not dare to surrender. Seeing that Shi Lang had no intention of committing suicide, he quickly sent someone to Penghu to surrender to Shi Lang's army. On August 13, Shi Lang led an army to the provincial capital of Taiwan Province and landed at Luermen. Liu Guoxuan and others greeted him at the rostrum, and people of all ethnic groups in the province were welcomed. /kloc-In August, 2008, all the officials of the Zheng family, the Prince and Le, who led the Ming imperial clan in Taiwan Province Province, had their hair cut and their heads shaved. A wisp of hair falling with the wind marks the formal surrender of Zheng Group and the end of the small court in Nanming. When the good news that Shi Lang recovered Taiwan Province Province reached Beijing, it was the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1683. When Kangxi heard that he had entered heaven, he took off his dragon robe and gave it to the stone. He also personally praised Zhang Silang and named him Hou Jinghai. During the Yongzheng period, he was named Fujian Navy.
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After Shi Lang pacified Taiwan Province Province, there was a dispute of abandoning Taiwan in the Qing court. Many ministers lack understanding of the strategic position of Taiwan Province provincial capital, and advocate transferring Taiwanese population to the mainland and giving up the land of Taiwan Province provincial capital. Kangxi once agreed to this proposal, saying, "Taiwan Province Province is only a small place, and nothing can be obtained." Seeing that the voice of abandoning Taiwan is getting louder and louder, Shi Lang used his quick wits to quickly set aside "Chen Gong to abandon Taiwan" and stick to Taiwan Province Province. Shi Lang pointed out at the memorial service that Taiwan Province Province is connected with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other places, and must not be discarded. He further proved with his own eyes that Taiwan Province Province has fertile land and rich products, which can provide important material guarantee for the southeast coastal areas. Besides, he warned that foreign invaders like Holland would never want to occupy Taiwan Province Province. If we don't persist, they will surely make a comeback. Once Taiwan Province provincial capital is occupied by foreign invaders again, it will be difficult for Taiwan Province provincial capital to send troops for expedition. Shi Lang was eloquent, and some ministers agreed to his suggestion, prompting Kangxi to change his mind and make up his mind to defend Taiwan Province province.
1696 In March, Shi Lang died in Fujian at the age of 76. After hearing the news, Emperor Kangxi was heartbroken and ordered a grand funeral for the Crown Prince and posthumous title Xiang Zhuang. He also built a shrine in Quanzhou before worshiping the snow. Up to now, memorial archways, ancestral halls and inscriptions commemorating Shi Lang can still be seen everywhere in southern Fujian. However, Shi Lang has been a controversial figure for 300 years. There have been different voices about his historical position. Shi Lang's life, as far as historical records are concerned, is nothing more than two things: one is anti-Zheng Jiangqing; One is to unify Taiwan Province Province. It is these two points that constitute the fundamental reason why later generations have different views on this. Historians have fully affirmed Shi Lang's historical contribution to the unification of Taiwan Province Province. However, people have been arguing about the integrity of their "anti-master".
If Shi Lang's demotion was due to "revenge", then what he did later was far beyond his narrow vision. No matter on the question of conquering and abandoning Taiwan Province Province, or on the question of restoring and governing Taiwan Province Province, Shi Lang is far-sighted and has made undeniable contributions to safeguarding the interests of the country and the nation. He was undoubtedly an outstanding politician, strategist and patriotic general of that era. If we look at Shi Lang from the perspective of "national hero" and "national scum", it is inevitable that there will be suspicion of "narrow nationalism". Because both the Mongols who ruled the Yuan Dynasty and the Manchu who ruled the Qing Dynasty are members of the Chinese family, it is the responsibility of every Chinese descendant to seek the "reunification" of the Chinese nation.
Qing Dynasty is an important dynasty in the history of China, and Manchu is an important member of the Chinese nation. Historically, Manchu originated from Nuzhen, and later changed to Jin and then Qing, mainly living in Northeast China and North China. 1644, with the cooperation and help of some Han landlords, the Manchu nobles gained the sovereignty of China and launched a war to unify China for more than a century. Finally, in the middle of18th century, the empty China formed the once unified situation. However, for a long time, due to the tyranny and cruelty of the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and some people's misunderstanding, some people in China described the unification of China by the Qing government as "foreign aggression". Even after the founding of New China, some people still regarded the Qing government as the "invading army of Manchu". So some people regard Shi Lang as a national scum, which is based on this wrong view of history.
Some scholars have put forward such a view, which makes people feel quite innovative: although Shi Lang was destroyed, it did not resist Zheng. After Shi Lang voted for Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong's goal was to help the Qing government realize the reunification of the mainland and Taiwan Province Province. Fu Yiling, a famous expert in Ming and Qing history, once said: "Although Zheng Chenggong and Shi Lang have their own specific reasons, they all hide the great consciousness of the Chinese nation." "The two people are in different situations and have different starting points for Taiwan Province Province, but they have the same understanding of the importance of Taiwan Province Province's strategic position. Are firmly advocated by Taiwan Province Province. From their understanding of Taiwan Province, we say that Shi Lang is not a traitor of Zheng Chenggong, but his successor. " In fact, in Shi Lang's hometown-Shi Lang Memorial Hall in Jinjiang County, Fujian Province, there is a couplet that reads: "The platform is eternal, and it will be returned to Taiwan Province Province from generation to generation; Zheng Yi, a historical figure. " Later generations compared Shi Lang with Zheng Chenggong. It should be said that they abandoned "personal feelings" and affirmed their historical achievements with "the righteousness of the Chinese nation".