With the continuous improvement of personal civilization, more and more affairs will use reports, so it is necessary to avoid too long when writing reports. So how should the report be written properly? The following is a survey report on college students' rural endowment, which I compiled. I hope it will help you.
Investigation report of college students on rural old-age care 1 The problem of the elderly population in China has a long history, which is manifested in the survival and development of the elderly, such as material security, medical services, housing and other issues; It is also manifested in a series of social problems brought about by the aging population, such as changes in lifestyle, values and social psychology. Among them, how to meet the needs of the elderly in their later years is not a simple problem. Facing the reality that more than 70% of the elderly in China live in rural areas, it is obvious that the issue of providing for the aged in rural areas is the most important issue in China. In order to understand the basic situation of the elderly in rural areas more deeply and concretely, xxx elderly people in Baoan Village of Chengguan Town were investigated by sampling survey. Based on the investigation and my own superficial understanding, at present, the rural old-age care in China is mainly based on family old-age care.
First, family pension still has strong vitality.
The development of social economy has improved the ability of social support. However, the farewell of family pension is still of practical significance to the rural elderly in China, and it plays an irreplaceable role in social pension. Whether in urban or rural areas, the family is still the basic living unit and the last base camp for the elderly. The more economically backward areas, the greater the role of family pension. Under the condition that the social security system is not perfect and perfect. Family support for the aged plays the role of social stabilizer. Once the foundation of family pension is destroyed, tens of millions of rural elderly people will lose their security in their later years.
(A) the way of family pension conforms to the actual national conditions of China. At present, China has a large population, the trend of population aging is fast, the overall level of economic development is not high, and there are great regional differences. However, the economic development in rural areas is relatively backward, and farmers' ability to pay is quite limited. Most rural areas in China are still in the stage of food and clothing, only a few have reached a well-off level, and a few rural areas are still in poverty. Not only are there differences between regions, but there are also great differences in farmers' economic income between different towns in the same region, between different villages in the same town and even between different families in the same village. In this case, it is obviously unrealistic to completely rely on the establishment of a unified and perfect social pension security system to solve the problem of providing for the elderly in rural areas, because a certain security system must adapt to a certain level of economic development, so it is still necessary for us to rely on family pension to protect the basic living needs of the elderly in rural areas. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly also clearly points out that the support of the elderly in China mainly depends on the family, thus legalizing the family pension model and enhancing its vitality.
(2) The cultural foundation of family pension is profound. "I am old, and people are old." Respecting the old and loving the young has always been a traditional virtue that the Chinese nation abides by. As a culture, family support for the aged has lasted for about three or four thousand years in China from the beginning of agricultural economy to the present. Supporting the family's function of providing for the aged is the value orientation of filial piety in traditional ethics, the highest criterion of "natural" behavior, and naturally an important code of conduct for family members. As a welfare unit, the traditional China family is a natural organization for providing for the aged, which has become a major feature of China culture. Living in the family, the elderly not only have a basic life guarantee, but also get due care in their daily lives, enjoy the family happiness of their children and get spiritual sustenance. Therefore, it is impossible for family pension to withdraw from the historical stage. Even if China's economy is highly developed, its social material and cultural life is extremely rich, and its social security system is perfect, it is impossible for family pension to disappear completely.
(3) The actual guarantee effect of family pension will not be greatly weakened. First of all, the one-child policy will not have a great impact on family pension. Some scholars believe that the family planning policy leads to fewer children, which may affect the quality of old-age care. However, according to the research of Ringo and others in the Population Research Center of the University of Michigan on the holistic care of the elderly in China, it is believed that the elderly couples in China will not need the daily care of their children at the same time in most cases, so the so-called miniaturization of family size does not necessarily pose a major threat to the daily care of the elderly. Moreover, through the investigation, it is found that the life of the only-child elderly is better than that of the elderly with many children, because at this time, the woman can't shirk the responsibility of providing for the elderly. Secondly, the increase of rural outflow population will not have a great impact on family pension. Some studies believe that a large number of young people in rural areas go out to work, resulting in the elderly being unable to get daily care. The survey shows that family support for the elderly is mainly borne by women. In many countries, only middle-aged women aged between 40 and 59 will encounter the situation that the elderly can't take care of themselves and need regular care. Among the floating population in rural areas, among the women who go out to work, the xx age group is the most active. Women aged 40 to 59 tend to take care of nephews and grandchildren and the elderly at home. Indeed, in some families, only a young and middle-aged couple both go out to work, and they also entrust the elderly and infirm to relatives and friends or ask people to take care of them. Finally, as far as the security level of family pension is concerned, although it can only meet the basic needs of the elderly in ordinary families, it is compatible with the economic development level of most rural areas in China, and with the reduction of farmers' burden and the continuous development of rural economy, the security level of family pension will be improved accordingly.
Second, the current basic ideas to solve the problem of rural old-age care
In view of the above analysis, considering the differences in rural economy, society and population at present and for a long time in the future, it is considered that a transitional scheme of rural old-age security system should be established. Specifically, for the rural elderly population who do not enjoy social endowment insurance at present and the "future elderly population" who still cannot enjoy social endowment insurance in the future, the family pension model is still the main way to solve their pension problems. In this process, supplemented by some administrative incentives, increase farmers' income, strive to reduce the burden of family pension, and continue to consolidate and implement the overall function of family pension. At the same time, we should constantly promote the transformation and development of traditional family pension to social pension. In richer rural areas and richer families, when the family's pension function is weakened, social pension should be supplemented in time, especially for the rural "future elderly"-the rural youth generation, social pension insurance should be strengthened and promoted in an all-round way to effectively solve their future pension problems.
Third, specific measures.
It should be said that this basic idea is in line with the current level of rural economic development in China, and it is also in line with the current willingness of the elderly in rural areas to provide for the elderly. In the specific implementation process, we should mainly do the following work:
(A) through social intervention that pays equal attention to ideological work and legal means, family pension is implemented. First, persistently publicize the traditional virtues of respecting, loving and supporting the elderly. The key point is to do a good job in ideological education for young and middle-aged people, insist on "starting with dolls", infiltrate the education of respecting, loving and supporting the elderly into the minds of primary and secondary school students, eliminate the serious phenomenon of "pampering the young and abandoning the old" in a few families, and create a good social environment and a correct ideological foundation for family pension. The second is to strengthen the construction of legal system and take the road of legal protection. Effectively implement the law on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, educate the elderly to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law, standardize and restrain family and social members to consciously safeguard the rights and interests of the elderly, maintain intergenerational harmony within the family, establish a social environment conducive to family pension, and vigorously promote the signing of the Family Support Agreement. Practice has proved that this is an effective method with China characteristics. The third is to reform the traditional family pension mechanism. Among the xxx elderly people with children surveyed, xxx elderly people are all supported by their sons, and only 3 elderly people without children and daughters support their old age by recruiting son-in-law. Obviously, in the rural family pension mechanism, the son is the subject. This mechanism is naturally formed by historical tradition. Today, with the implementation of family planning, the proportion of families without boys accounts for about a quarter, and this mechanism must be reformed.
(two) to further improve and perfect the policies and measures to support family pension. Family support for the elderly has greatly reduced the economic burden of the country, and the country should also bear corresponding responsibilities on this issue. Starting from the dominant position of family pension in rural areas, we should actively study and formulate feasible policies and measures to support the elderly in terms of funds, personnel and facilities existing in family-village cooperative medical care: First, we should increase support for rural funds and technology to ensure agricultural efficiency, increase farmers' income and sustained and stable development of rural economy, and solve the biggest problem of rural pension-economic support. The second is to give financial assistance to families who have real difficulties in caring for the elderly. We should try our best to reduce the burden of old-age care for poor families. Let the elderly in these families enjoy their old age, and at the same time provide various preferential policies to family members who care for and care for the elderly. Third, vigorously develop rural cooperative medical care. Solve the current problems of agriculture and "it is difficult for the elderly in rural areas to see a doctor".
(3) Emphasize the role of society and expand social support for family pension. First, give full play to the role of rural elderly organizations and enhance their functions. Strengthening and standardizing the construction of the support system for the elderly is to standardize the behavior of non-elderly members of the family and society and ensure that the elderly spend their old age happily. Therefore, establishing and perfecting the organization and leadership function of the old-age organizations is the key link in the construction of the old-age security system. At present, on the surface, the rural pension institutions in towns and villages are sound. But in essence, it is in the predicament of "no staffing, no activity funds and no ability to work", which has not played any role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and organizing activities for the elderly. Therefore, we must attach importance to the system construction of township-level organizations for the aged and give full play to their pillar role. Second, strengthen the strength of the elderly group, carry forward the spirit of self-help and interaction, and advocate young and healthy elderly people to help the elderly and infirm; Enhance the elderly's self-reliance in economy and self-care in life, thus reducing their demand for social and family support. The third is to develop public welfare facilities for the elderly. Give full play to the role of elderly associations and elderly activity places in each village, solve the problem of "having fun" for the elderly, and meet their spiritual needs.
(four) to strengthen participation in social endowment insurance publicity, and gradually expand the proportion of social support. In the long run, in the economic aspect, with the improvement of the economic strength of the country, especially the rural areas, the responsibility of providing for the aged is gradually transferred from the family to the society, and the family pension will eventually give way to the social pension, which is an irreversible trend. Therefore, in the transitional period, we should not only advocate family pension, but also promote rural social endowment insurance, and gradually make social endowment insurance play a major role in the "future elderly" group. In the survey, many young people do not participate in insurance, except for economic conditions, fear of policy changes or have never heard of social endowment insurance. What is more concentrated is that their insurance awareness is weak, they don't care when they are young, and they have to give up after middle age because of the large amount of one-time insurance. Therefore, in rural areas, we should vigorously strengthen the ideological education of participating in social endowment insurance, gradually guide the support mode of the younger generation to the track of social endowment insurance, and build a huge and solid social security "dam" based on the word "early".
(5) Give priority to the development of social endowment insurance and gradually establish a perfect socialized endowment insurance system. A perfect socialized old-age security system should have five contents: First, the social old-age insurance system. The second is the life care system for the elderly. At present, it is more realistic and feasible to give full play to the role of rural communities. We can learn from Dalian's practice, establish "home nursing homes", organize some young and middle-aged women who are at home at leisure, and provide old-age welfare services for the elderly who have no children, whose children are not at home, have the most difficult life and need help most, and implement a low-fee policy, with appropriate subsidies from the collective or the state. The third is the medical security service system for the elderly. In xx, xxxx, the Ministry of Finance, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Health issued "Several Opinions on Rural Health Service Subsidy Policy", which determined that by xxxx, the increased health investment of governments at all levels would be mainly used to develop rural health undertakings. County-level finance should arrange funds according to actual needs and financial resources to provide medical assistance to rural five-guarantee households and poor families, and the central finance will also give appropriate support to this through special transfer payments. This provision shows that the state pays more and more attention to farmers' social security. According to the survey, the new rural cooperative medical system in Xianju County was fully rolled out in xx in xxxx, and xx people from XX towns (streets) participated in the insurance, with the participation rate of xx%. The fourth is the social assistance system for the elderly. We will implement the "five guarantees" system of food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial for the elderly in rural areas to improve the level of support. However, in the survey, it was found that two lonely elderly people were not included in the "five guarantees" support system, and even no elderly people in the town were included in the system. Their living conditions are quite worrying. In addition, we must deal with the elderly who are sick or unable to take care of themselves, the elderly from poor families and the elderly who have serious pension disputes between their children. They are all vulnerable groups in the elderly population, and they must receive special care from the state or the collective to help them get rid of difficulties and spend their old age safely. Fifth, the spiritual life system of the elderly. Mainly according to the interests of the elderly, cultural, sports, education, entertainment and other activities are organized for the elderly in rural areas. Due to the large number, wide geographical area and large income difference of rural elderly in China, the establishment of the above-mentioned socialized old-age security system should also reflect the characteristics of diversification, multi-level, multi-mode and multi-channel.
Investigation report of college students on rural old-age care 2 In our present society, the report is closely related to our life and has certain writing skills. I believe that most people have a headache when writing a report. The following is a survey report on rural college students' old-age care compiled by Bian Xiao for reference only. Let's have a look.
The problem of the elderly population in China has a long history, which is manifested in the survival and development of the elderly, such as material security, medical services, housing and other issues; It also shows a series of social problems brought about by the aging population, such as changes in lifestyle, values and social psychology brought about by the aging population. Among them, the problem of providing for the aged is not a simple one. Facing the reality that more than 70% of the elderly in China live in rural areas, it is obvious that the issue of providing for the aged in rural areas is the most important issue in China. In order to understand the basic situation of the elderly in rural areas more deeply and concretely, xxx elderly people in Baoan Village of Chengguan Town were investigated by sampling survey. Combined with the investigation and my superficial understanding, the current rural pension in China is still based on family pension.
First, family pension still has strong vitality.
The development of social economy has improved the ability of social support. However, family pension still has practical significance in rural areas of China and plays an irreplaceable role in social pension. Whether in urban or rural areas, the family is still the basic living unit and the last base camp for the elderly. The more backward the economy is, the greater the role of family pension. In the case of imperfect social security system. Family pension plays the role of social stabilizer. Once the foundation of family pension is destroyed, tens of millions of rural elderly will lose their security in their later years.
(A) Family pension is in line with the current reality of China. At present, China has a large population, the population is aging rapidly, the overall level of economic development is not high, and there are great regional differences. However, rural economic development is relatively backward, and farmers' ability to pay is quite limited. Most rural areas in China are still in the stage of food and clothing, only a few have reached a well-off level, and a few rural areas are still in poverty. The economic income of farmers in different towns and villages in the same area, different villages in the same town and even different families in the same village not only exists regional differences, but also has a great gap. In this case, it is obviously unrealistic to rely solely on the establishment of a unified and perfect social pension security system to solve the problem of providing for the elderly in rural areas, because a certain security system must adapt to a certain level of economic development, so it is still necessary for us to rely on family pension to protect the basic living needs of the elderly in rural areas. The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly also clearly points out that the support of the elderly in China mainly depends on the family, thus legalizing the family pension model and enhancing its vitality.
(2) The cultural foundation of family pension is profound. Respecting the old and loving the young has always been the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. As a culture, family support for the aged has lasted for three or four thousand years in China, starting from the agricultural economy. The function of supporting family and providing for the aged is the value orientation of filial piety in traditional ethics. Filial piety is the highest criterion of "natural" behavior and an important code of conduct for family members. As a welfare unit, the traditional family in China is a natural pension organization in the function of pension mechanism, which has become a major feature of China culture. Living in the family, the elderly not only have a safe basic life, but also get due care every day, enjoy the family happiness of their children and get spiritual sustenance. Therefore, it is impossible for family pension to withdraw from the historical stage. Even if China's economy is highly developed, its social material and cultural life is extremely rich and its social security system is perfect in the future, it is impossible for family pension to disappear completely.
(3) The actual guarantee effect of family pension will not be greatly weakened. First of all, the one-child policy will not have a great impact on family pension. Some scholars believe that the family planning policy leads to fewer children, which may affect the quality of old-age care. However, according to the research of Ringo and others in the Population Research Center of the University of Michigan, in most cases, the elderly couples in China do not need the daily care of their children at the same time, so the so-called miniaturization of family size does not necessarily pose a major threat to the daily care of the elderly. Moreover, through the investigation, it is found that the life of the only-child elderly is better than that of the elderly with many children, because at this time, women can't shirk their responsibility for providing for the elderly. Secondly, the increase of rural outflow population will not have a great impact on family pension. Some studies believe that a large number of young people in rural areas go out to work, which makes the elderly unable to get daily care. The survey shows that family pension is mainly borne by women. In many countries, middle-aged women aged 40 to 59 will encounter the situation that the elderly can't take care of themselves and need regular care. Among the floating population in rural areas, the xx age group is the most active among floating women. Women aged 40-59 are more inclined to take care of nephews and the elderly at home. Indeed, in some families, if only a young and middle-aged couple goes out to work, they will entrust the frail elderly to relatives and friends or ask someone to take care of them. Finally, as far as the level of family old-age security is concerned, although it can only meet the basic needs of the elderly in ordinary families, it is compatible with the economic development level of most rural areas in China. With the reduction of farmers' burden and the continuous development of rural economy, the level of family old-age security will be improved accordingly.
Second, the current basic ideas to solve the problem of rural old-age care
In view of the above analysis, considering the differences in rural economic, social and demographic conditions at present and for a long time to come, it is considered that transitional schemes of different rural old-age security systems should be established. Specifically, for the rural elderly population who do not enjoy social endowment insurance at present and the "future elderly population" who still cannot enjoy social endowment insurance in the future, the family pension model is still the main way to solve their pension problems. In the process of increasing farmers' income, some administrative incentives should be supplemented to reduce the burden of family pension and continue to consolidate and implement the overall function of family pension. At the same time, we should constantly promote the transformation and development of traditional family pension to social pension. In richer rural areas and families, when the family's pension function is weakened, social pension should be supplemented in time, especially for the rural "future elderly"-the rural youth generation. It is necessary to strengthen social endowment insurance, promote it in an all-round way, and effectively solve their future pension problems.
Third, specific measures.
It should be said that this basic assumption is in line with the current level of rural economic development in China and the wishes of the elderly in rural areas. In the specific implementation process, we should do a good job in the following aspects:
(A) the implementation of family pension through social intervention that pays equal attention to ideological work and legal means. First of all, we should persistently publicize the traditional virtues of respecting the elderly and loving the young. The key point is to do a good job in ideological education for young and middle-aged people, insist on "starting with dolls", infiltrate the education of respecting the old and loving the young into the minds of primary and secondary school students, eliminate the serious phenomenon of "nurturing the young and abandoning the old" in a few families, and create a good social environment and a correct ideological foundation for family pension. The second is to strengthen the construction of legal system and take the road of legal protection. Conscientiously implement the law on the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly, educate the elderly to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests according to law, regulate and restrain family and social members to consciously safeguard the rights and interests of the elderly, maintain intergenerational harmony within the family, create a social environment conducive to family support, and vigorously promote the signing of family support agreements. Practice has proved that this is an effective method with China characteristics. The third is to reform the traditional family pension mechanism. Among xxx elderly people with children, xxx elderly people are supported by their sons, and only three elderly people who have no sons but only daughters provide for the elderly by recruiting sons-in-law. Obviously, in the rural family pension mechanism, the son is the subject. This mechanism is naturally formed by historical tradition. Today, with the implementation of family planning, the proportion of families without boys in their offspring accounts for about a quarter, and this mechanism must be reformed.
(two) to further improve the policies and measures to support family pension. Family support for the elderly has greatly reduced the economic burden of the country, and the country should also bear corresponding responsibilities on this issue. Starting from the dominant position of rural family pension, we should actively study and formulate feasible pension policies and measures in terms of funds, personnel and facilities. Family-rural cooperative medical care. First of all, we should increase the support for rural funds and technology, ensure agricultural benefits and farmers' income, and the rural economy will develop continuously and steadily, so as to solve the biggest problem of rural old-age care-economic support. The second is to provide financial assistance to families with difficulties in caring for the elderly. We should try our best to reduce the burden of old-age care for poor families. Let the elderly in these families enjoy their old age and provide various preferential policies for family members who take care of the elderly. Third, vigorously develop rural cooperative medical care. Solve the problem of "difficulty in seeing a doctor" for rural elderly.
(3) Emphasize the role of society and expand social support for family pension. First of all, we should give full play to the role of rural pension organizations and enhance their functions. Strengthening and standardizing the construction of the old-age security system is to standardize the behavior of non-elderly members of the family and society and ensure that the elderly spend their old age happily. Therefore, establishing and perfecting the old-age care institutions and strengthening their organizational and leadership functions are the key links in the construction of the old-age security system. At present, on the surface, rural pension institutions are sound at the township level. But in essence, it is in the predicament of "no staffing, no activity funds and insufficient work", which has not played any role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the elderly and organizing activities for the elderly. Therefore, we must attach importance to system construction and give full play to the pillar role of township elderly organizations. The second is to strengthen the strength of the elderly, carry forward the spirit of self-help and interaction, and advocate the young and healthy elderly to help the elderly and the infirm; Enhance the economic self-reliance and self-care ability of the elderly, so as to reduce the needs of society and families for the elderly. Third, develop public welfare facilities for the elderly. Give full play to the role of village elderly associations and elderly activity places, solve the problem of "having fun for the elderly" and meet the spiritual needs of the elderly.
(four) to strengthen the publicity of social endowment insurance, and gradually expand the proportion of social support. In the long run, in the economic aspect, with the improvement of the economic strength of the country, especially the rural areas, the responsibility of providing for the aged is gradually transferred from the family to the society, and the family pension will eventually give way to the social pension, which is an irreversible trend. Therefore, in the transitional period, we should not only advocate family pension, but also promote rural social endowment insurance, and gradually make social endowment insurance play a major role in the "future elderly" group. In the survey, many young people do not participate in insurance, except for economic conditions, fear of policy changes or have never heard of social endowment insurance. What is more concentrated is that their insurance awareness is weak and they don't care when they are young. After middle age, I had to give up because of the large amount of one-time insurance. Therefore, in rural areas, we should vigorously strengthen the ideological education of participating in social endowment insurance, gradually guide the younger generation's pension mode to the track of social endowment insurance, and build a huge and solid social security "dam" based on the word "early".
(five) focusing on social endowment insurance, and gradually establish and improve the social endowment insurance system. A perfect socialized old-age security system should have five contents: First, the social old-age insurance system. Second, the elderly life care system. At present, it is more realistic and feasible to give full play to the role of rural communities. Referring to Dalian's practice, we can set up "nursing homes", organize some young and middle-aged women who have leisure at home, and provide old-age welfare services for the elderly who have no children, are away from home, have the most difficult life and need help most, and implement a low-fee policy, with appropriate subsidies from the collective or the state. Third, the medical security service system for the elderly. In xx, the Ministry of Finance, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Health issued "Several Opinions on Rural Health Subsidy Policy", which determined that by xxxx, the increased health investment of governments at all levels will be mainly used for rural health development. County finance should arrange funds according to actual needs and financial resources to provide medical assistance for rural five-guarantee households and poor families. The central government will also give appropriate support through special transfer payments. This provision shows that the state pays more and more attention to farmers' social security. According to the survey, the new rural cooperative medical system in Xianju County was fully rolled out in xxxx. * * * There are xx townships (streets) with xx million people insured, and the participation rate is xx%. Fourth, the social assistance system for the elderly. The "five guarantees" support system will be implemented for the elderly in rural areas to ensure food and clothing, medical care and funeral, and improve the level of support. However, the survey found that these two lonely old people were not included in the "five guarantees" support system, and even no old people in the township were included in the system. Their living conditions are quite worrying. In addition, we must deal with the elderly who are sick or unable to take care of themselves, the elderly with poor families and the elderly with serious pension disputes between their children. They are all vulnerable groups in the elderly population, and they must receive special care from the state or the collective, and must be given by the state or the collective to help them get out of trouble and spend their old age safely. Fifth, the spiritual life system of the elderly. Mainly according to the interests of the elderly, in rural areas as a unit, to set up cultural, sports, education, entertainment and other activities for the elderly. Due to the large number of elderly people in rural areas, wide geographical distribution and large income gap, the establishment of the above-mentioned socialized old-age security system should also reflect the characteristics of diversification, multi-level, multi-mode and multi-channel.
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