(A) to explain the organizational structure of the human body
The human body is an organic whole, which can be divided into yin and yang according to its location and functional characteristics. As far as human body parts are concerned, the upper part is yang and the lower part is yin; The back is yang and the abdomen is yin; The body surface is yang and the body surface is yin. According to the functional characteristics of viscera, heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney are yin; The gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder, triple energizer and six fu organs are yang: among the five internal organs, there are yin and yang, that is, the heart and lungs are yang in the upper (chest); Liver and kidney are located in the lower part (abdominal cavity) and belong to yin; Spleen is the most yin. If specific to each viscera, it can be divided into yin and yang, for example, the heart has yin and yang; Kidney has kidney yin and kidney yang. In short, the up and down, inside and outside, inside and outside, front and back, and the internal organs of the human body all contain the relationship of unity of opposites of Yin and Yang. Therefore, Su Wenbaoming's Holography says: "Life is tangible and cannot be separated from Yin and Yang."
(2) Explain the physiological function of human body.
The normal physiological activities of the human body are the result of maintaining the harmonious relationship of the unity of opposites of Yin and Yang, which makes it in a state of dynamic balance. From the perspective of yin and yang, the function belongs to yang, and the substance belongs to yin, that is, the tissue structures and substances such as essence, qi, blood and body fluid belong to yin, while the physiological functions of viscera and organs and essence, qi, blood and body fluid belong to yang. Material is the basis of function, and function is the reflection of material. The two are not only opposed to each other, but also interdependent. Various functional activities (Yang) will inevitably consume certain nutrients (Yin); The metabolism of various nutrients (Yin) must consume certain energy (Yang). Under normal circumstances, this dynamic balance of yin and yang ensures the sound function of zang-fu organs and normal physiological activities. If Yin and Yang can't maintain relative dynamic balance, lose balance or even separate, the human body will get sick and even die. Therefore, it is said: "Yin Pingyang is the secret, and the spirit is the rule; Yin and Yang are separated and refined "("Su Wen Nu Tian ").
(3) Explain the pathological changes of human body.
The occurrence of all human diseases can be summarized by yin-yang imbalance. The occurrence and development of all diseases depend on healthy qi and evil qi. Meaning is divided into yin and yang, including yin essence and Yang Qi; Pathogens (pathogenic factors) can also be divided into yin and yang. The process of disease occurrence and development is the process of struggle between evil and positive. No matter how complicated its pathological changes are, it is nothing more than the advantages and disadvantages of yin and yang. If either yin or yang is higher than the normal level, it will inevitably lead to the relative deficiency of the other side, that is, "Yang wins yin disease", "Yin wins yang disease", "Yang wins heat" and "Yin wins cold". On the other hand, the deficiency of either yin or yang will inevitably lead to the illness of the other party, that is, "yang deficiency and cold" and "yin deficiency and heat". In addition, due to the interaction of yin and yang, when the yang deficiency reaches a certain level, it is called "yang losing yin" because the yang deficiency can not biochemical yin fluid and yin deficiency occurs at the same time; When yin deficiency reaches a certain level, because yin deficiency cannot be transformed into yang, yang deficiency occurs at the same time, which is called "Yin impairs Yang". Yang impairing yin or Yang Can impairing yin eventually leads to "deficiency of both yin and yang". Under certain conditions, the pathological phenomenon caused by yin imbalance can be transformed in the opposite direction, that is, yin syndrome can be transformed into yang syndrome, and yang syndrome can be transformed into yin syndrome. The so-called "great cold means heat, great heat means cold", "heavy yin means yang, double ninth festival means yin" (Su Wen, yin and yang should be alike).
(4) Used for the diagnosis of diseases.
Any disease, although the clinical manifestations are complex and changeable; Pathological changes are complex, and the basic mechanism is yin-yang imbalance. Yin and Yang are used to summarize the pathological position, nature and basic attributes of various syndromes of diseases as the program of syndrome differentiation. Therefore, "Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory" said: "Those who are good at diagnosing diseases, look at the color and pulse, don't be yin and yang first."
Eight-program syndrome differentiation commonly used in clinic is the program of all kinds of syndrome differentiation, and yin and yang are the general program of the eight programs to guide the deficiency and excess of cold and heat in exterior and interior, that is, exterior syndrome, heat syndrome and real yang; Internal syndrome, cold syndrome and deficiency syndrome all belong to yin. Correct diagnosis, we must first distinguish between yin and yang, in order to grasp the essence of the disease and simplify the complex.
(5) for the prevention and treatment of diseases.
The basic mechanism of disease occurrence, development and change is yin-yang imbalance. Regulating yin and yang is the basic principle of treating and nursing diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, and it is also the main content of applying yin and yang theory to disease prevention and health care. Regulating yin and yang is to damage its surplus, make up its deficiency and restore the relative balance of yin and yang. In view of the ups and downs of Yin and Yang, the methods of "purging excess" and "tonifying deficiency" are adopted to achieve "keeping Yin and Yang secret" and make Yin and Yang Can harmonious and balanced.
Yin-yang theory can also be used to summarize the properties of traditional Chinese medicine. The properties of drugs, including four qi, five flavors and ascending and descending, can be summarized by yin and yang. Drugs are divided into cold, hot, warm and cold, with cold drugs belonging to yin and warm drugs belonging to yang; Drugs are pungent, sweet, sour, bitter and salty, pungent and sweet belong to yang, and sour, bitter and salty belong to yin. Drugs have four action trends: ascending, descending, floating and sinking. Ascending and floating belong to yang, and sinking belongs to yin. In clinical treatment and nursing, according to the ups and downs of diseases, combined with the yin and yang properties of drugs, yin and yang are adjusted to restore the balance of yin and yang, so as to achieve the purpose of curing diseases.
Yin-yang theory can also be used to guide the prevention of diseases. Being good at regulating yin and yang is the key to preventing diseases and taking life. The law of maintaining healthy qi requires that the changes of yin and yang of human body should be coordinated with the changes of yin and yang of heaven and earth. Man is closely related to nature, and the change of yin and yang in nature will inevitably affect the change of yin and yang in human body. If you are good at maintaining Yin essence and Yang Qi, evil spirits will not invade. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "healthy qi exists in the interior, and evil can't be done" and "the combination of evil qi will be empty". People are based on righteousness.