According to legend, there was an old lady with two sons, the eldest selling umbrellas and the second drying salt. Every sunny day, the second child is good at drying salt, and the old lady is worried that the umbrella of the boss will not be sold; Every rainy day, the boss likes to sell umbrellas, and the old lady is worried that the second child will not get salt, and she will be sad all day.
When a master knew it, he advised her, "Why don't you think about it on a sunny day? This is a good day for the second child to bask in salt; " Whenever it rains, the boss's business of selling umbrellas must be booming. "
As a result, the old lady was really happy all day.
Dynamics of mental health of the elderly
Mental health is very important to human health. The elderly have poor self-mental health care ability and need the support and help of society, collectives and families. Happy mood, cheerful personality and optimistic attitude are important psychological conditions for longevity; Among the long-lived elderly in Mayao Autonomous County, a famous longevity area in China, more than 60% of them are cheerful, optimistic, calm and gentle, and only 7% are irritable. None of them is withdrawn and depressed.
Negative emotions and bad personality are important reasons for the illness of the elderly. A large number of facts show that bad mental state is an important factor to induce various diseases; Someone investigated the life experiences of 100 leukemia patients and lymphoid patients before and after their illness, and found that most of them had personal experiences or sad family experiences before their illness. In hospital outpatient service, 60% of the causes are directly related to psychological factors; Some experts believe that mental state affects health, and the most important thing is that it depends on the individual's cognition and evaluation of external stimuli. If the evaluation is positive and correct, it can make the psychological situation tend to be balanced, otherwise it will lead to the deterioration of the psychological situation.
Some studies show that the elderly who have made proper plans before retirement are better able to adapt to the life after retirement. Retirement plans generally include financial revenue and expenditure, living arrangements and pre-planning of medical care, as well as life care for elderly spouses. Generally, old people can adapt to the new lifestyle within six months after retirement. But there are still many old people who can't adapt to retirement, and the retirement syndrome is obvious. This situation often happens among the elderly who suddenly lose their daily work and social occupation, especially those who have no partner after retirement, and it is more difficult to adapt to the life after retirement.
The activity theory, which explains the success of old people's adaptation, holds that individuals must try their best to maintain all attitudes and activities in middle age and find suitable activities to replace their interests and retired jobs that they want to give up. Organize appropriate compensation activities; It is best to do some neighborhood Committee work and social welfare work to enrich the spiritual life of the elderly. What's more, family reunion is also their happiest and most gratifying thing.
Looking at the problem from one angle may lead to negative emotional experience and psychological dilemma. From another angle, we can find its positive significance and get out of the psychological dilemma by looking at the problem with a positive concept.
Old people might as well fix their eyes on the doughnut, not its hole, and regard the glass in the air as half full, which will be very beneficial to our life.
Mental health care for the elderly
Maslow, an American humanistic psychologist, studied the "self-actualized man", that is, the mentally healthy man, and put forward the "hierarchy of needs" of human beings: the needs of physiology, safety, belonging and love, and the needs of respect and self-actualization.
Among them, high-level demand is based on the realization of low-level demand; Although the elderly have retreated from the foreground of life to the background, from the front line to the second line, they still have various requirements and needs; People who study gerontology abroad believe that the elderly have "three evils": poverty, loneliness and unhealthy. In fact, this reflects some unmet needs of the elderly.
According to domestic surveys, about 50% of the retired workers over 60 years old suffer from organic diseases, and the rate over 70 years old is as high as 65.9%. Japanese psychologist Shinai once made a survey on the needs of the elderly in general families. When answering "What are you most concerned about now?", most people answered health problems such as cerebral hemorrhage, cancer and hypertension. These problems are a major reason why the elderly are anxious, worried, pessimistic and deeply uneasy.
The worry of the elderly also comes from an economic security factor. Smith, a British sociologist, once found that 43% of the elderly are worried about the lack of economic security, which helps to eliminate concerns and learn to take care of themselves; In addition, family care is also very important.
Retirement, children leaving a new home, separation of friends, wife's death and reduced communication make the old people feel lonely, lonely and miserable, which is especially serious in western countries. One of the psychological characteristics of the elderly is that the older they get, the more they need love. The dependence of elderly couples is an important incentive factor for the good mood of the elderly.
The only daughter should try to live with her parents after marriage. Even if they live apart, children should often visit or write greetings. Harmonious family relations, harmonious psychological atmosphere, and * * * enjoying family relations are conducive to health and longevity; On the contrary, family disharmony and bad interpersonal relationship lead to premature aging, which is extremely harmful to physical and mental health.
Professor Yue Zhongmei, a famous old Chinese medicine doctor, once summed up eight strange diseases of the elderly, which are signs of physiological aging, remembering only distant things but not recent ones; Laugh with tears, cry without tears, like grandchildren but not sons, like soft food but not hard food; My eyes are dim, I can't see clearly nearby, I'm hard of hearing, I'm nosy, I don't observe anything unusual, I ask, and I often drown in my shoes when I pee.
Maintain a positive attitude towards life.
Although the old man is old and ambitious, he still wants to use his residual heat to do something within his power to meet the needs of self-realization. However, when the old people leave their jobs, they can't realize their long-cherished wish, so that their self-realization needs can't be met, resulting in anxiety, depression and emptiness.
The key to meet the self-realization needs of the elderly is to enrich their lives, make them re-understand the meaning of life and establish a positive attitude towards life. To prevent mental aging, emptiness and boredom, we must first make the elderly curious and stay active. Curiosity is the psychological motivation to pursue new things and learn new knowledge. An effective measure to stimulate curiosity and enthusiasm is to organize learning for the elderly. Someone abroad has done a survey, and 90% of the elderly want to study. Therefore, the concept of lifelong education is not unreasonable. Universities and colleges for the elderly should be established to meet their learning needs and enrich their lives.
Secondly, help the elderly to arrange some jobs that they are good at but not very nervous, so that their spirit can be pinned and their life value can be reflected. Some scientists pointed out: "Labor, including mental labor, can exercise the nervous system, while doing nothing is harmful to the nervous system." Active and moderate brain thinking activities and physical labor can also slow down the process of aging and decline.
In addition, we must overcome various obstacles to adaptation. Adaptation disorder refers to people's inability to adapt to the environment properly. For example, some elderly people are angry at well-meaning jokes, thinking that they are slander and ridicule for themselves, and are afraid that others' whispering is a conspiracy to murder themselves.
Guo en once put forward eight suggestions for the adaptation of the elderly: living within the scope of their physical conditions; Adapt to the living standard with reduced economic income; There must be medical security; Can creatively develop their abilities; Extend love for family to friends; Can get the respect of others in society; Maintain self-integration; Ability to pass on knowledge and experience to future generations. In addition, we should understand other unmet needs of the elderly and solve them if possible.
Anderson, a psychologist at Rice University in the United States, said: "If we can teach people to think more positively, it is possible to protect them from mental illness." Schairer, another psychologist, said: "You have the ability to succeed, but success does not depend entirely on your ability. Your belief in success affects whether you will succeed. "
A psychologist once said, "Feeling is a subjective thing. And life is a feeling. What attitude people take to feel and treat it, it will repay you with what attitude. As long as you are enthusiastic, positive, optimistic and enterprising, your life will be full of sunshine. "
Old people should keep a moderate routine.
China has attached great importance to moderate work and rest since ancient times. Confucius believes that "work and rest will kill diseases" and emphasizes "taking action as the righteousness"; Ge Hong, a health care expert in the Western Jin Dynasty, thinks that "excessive work and rest" hinders health care, so he advocates "saving work and rest" and "not wanting to work and rest". Appropriate participation of the elderly in housework is beneficial to the body and mind and delays aging; Secondly, reading and studying is also very important, which can increase information, exercise the brain and delay aging, but it should not be excessive, otherwise it will hurt the brain and accelerate aging.
The ancients said, "People's hearts can't be used for a day, especially for a day." Because the heart is "stagnant if it is not used" and "thin if it is not raised", "those who are kind-hearted should be lenient after their efforts"; In addition, rest and relax in leisure. In short, people who are good at work will get away, and those who are not good at work will get away. Therefore, the elderly should combine work and rest, work and rest moderately, and be good at combining work and rest.
Exercise can delay aging. Aging is a very complicated phenomenon. After maturity, with the increase of age, the function of most organs declines. After the age of 30, the physical function declines by about 0.6% ~ 0.7% every year, and during the 40 years from the age of 30 to 70, the total function declines by nearly 30%.
Not exercising is an important factor of aging. Life lies in movement, life never stops, and movement never stops. It is best to start from middle age and stick to it for a long time, and the effect is remarkable, which can achieve the effect of young 10~20 years old. The elderly can choose their favorite sports to exercise and arrange an exercise plan suitable for their physical condition. Step by step and excessive exercise are not desirable.
When you are in a bad mood, don't be depressed, don't interrupt or give up at will. It is often easier to persist in exercising with friends than by yourself. We should also improve our interest in exercise. When choosing exercise programs, we should not pay attention to the balance between seasons and exercise, so that our limbs and internal organs can be exercised.
Old people should not struggle like young people. Only moderate exercise can be beneficial to health and achieve beneficial activities. The elderly should exercise for 30 minutes every day, at least three times a week, and the interval between exercises should not exceed two days. Exercise also has a calming effect on elderly patients, which can alleviate or eliminate anxiety and depression of the elderly.
Society and young people should care about the elderly.
We all know that the elderly are at a disadvantage in social competition, which is a fact that everyone should face. Faced with this cruel fact, individuals, families, groups or the whole society should try their best to deal with the problems of the elderly in a rational way. At the same time, the public must also realize that the elderly are a vulnerable social group and society has the responsibility to protect them. We should not look at the low social value of the elderly from the utilitarian point of view.
Tolstoy,/kloc-a great Russian critical realist writer in the 0/9th century, left a precious legacy to the treasure house of world literature. However, the great writer was unfortunate in his later years, and his wife Sonia had a bad temper. I often quarrel with him. 1910 at the age of 82, he was forced to divorce his wife and run away from home. Due to depression, his health gradually deteriorated. 10 days later, the world literary superstar fell.
First of all, we must respect and take care of the elderly. "I am old and people are old." Treat elders with respectful etiquette and meticulous care, and treat other elders and the elderly with this attitude. Secondly, the government and society should establish some services and health care institutions that are beneficial to the elderly, such as the Committee on Aging, the Geriatrics Society, the Geriatrics Research Center, the Mental Health Center for the elderly, amusement parks for the elderly, nurseries for the elderly, and nursing homes for the elderly. In addition, the common sense of mental health of the elderly should be popularized, so that the elderly can spend their old age safely and prolong their lives. Because it is the traditional compulsory virtue of our nation to support and honor the elderly, I believe the younger generation can also carry it forward.
A pair of romantic and innocent lovers, with beautiful dreams, blessings from relatives and friends, and sweet expectations, entered the marriage hall, only to find that there was not much romantic sentiment in the sacred marriage, followed by too much boring and monotonous family life. This is the most authentic symphony of "pots and pans".
The phrase "marriage is the grave of love" seems to have become an eternal truth, which makes most married men and women often feel that "marriage is really boring and the beloved person has no interest", which is also the main reason why marriage from lovers to couples is not suitable.
When you are in love, the dating of lovers makes people feel really excited. The mood of "not seeing for a day, like Sanqiu" makes people anxious and always complains that the pace of time is too slow; In order to please each other and win goodwill, both sides try their best to show their strengths and loveliness; Pay more attention to your own shortcomings and defects, and give each other the perfect image; Lovers are natural performing artists.
Therefore, when both men and women still treat their wives or husbands with lovers' eyes, feel their wives or husbands with lovers' mentality and ask for complicated family life with the free world of love after marriage, the problem of marriage adaptation arises. As a result, there are various contradictions in the family, the emotional entanglements between husband and wife are unclear, and all marital problems follow.
However, marriage is, after all, the sublimation of love and a special expression of love. A happy and harmonious marriage will certainly promote the deepening and development of love. Therefore, how to adapt to the transition from love to marriage has become the first test for couples.