2. People in China at home and abroad are called descendants of the Yellow Emperor. Yanhuang is the leader of two ancient tribes, Yandi and Huangdi. According to legend, they unified China and made outstanding contributions to the origin of early civilization in China, so Yan Huang is regarded as the common ancestor of the Chinese nation. The picture on the right shows the Yellow Emperor.
3. In the history of the formation of the Chinese nation, the nation represented by Yu played an important role. Later generations in the summer took Huashan as their activity center, so they got the title of Huaxia people. Today, people use "Huaxia" to represent the Chinese nation. "Chinese descendants" is also a glorious title that overseas Chinese are proud of.
4. patriotism and love for the hometown have always been the basic moral norms and norms of the Chinese nation. Fighting and even sacrificing for the interests of the motherland and the nation is the most precious character. The resulting centripetal force and cohesion make the Chinese nation an inseparable whole. The reunification of the motherland has always been the common demand of all ethnic groups.
5. Self-improvement implies the Chinese nation's self-esteem, self-confidence, independence and self-improvement, which embodies the Chinese nation's tenacious vitality and indomitable pioneering spirit, makes people treat life with a positive, optimistic and promising attitude, and makes hard work become the character of the Chinese nation, thus safeguarding national independence and promoting national progress.
6. The Chinese nation advocates morality and believes that individual morality is the key to national politics. Therefore, everyone should abide by the moral standards and take having both ability and political integrity as the foundation of being a man. China traditional culture can be said to be an ethical culture.
7. China people have always attached importance to reality, believing that "seeing is believing, hearing is empty", and advocating the pursuit of life ideals and the realization of life value in practical work and life. This is the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic in China culture.
8. Chinese culture contains the spirit of tolerance and generosity, and advocates that all ethnic groups and countries respect each other and live in harmony to achieve "harmony among nations."
9. The Book of Changes, also known as the Book of Changes, is a classic and encyclopedia of ancient China culture. Its ideological content penetrated into China's astronomy, physics, prediction, mathematics, medicine, martial arts and other fields.
10 and Zhouyi are regarded by foreign countries as the source of China's culture and science and technology for more than 5,000 years, which have attracted the attention and research of many western scholars, and a worldwide "Yi Xue" has emerged.
1 1. During the Warring States Period (475 BC, 22 BC1year), epoch-making changes took place in society. Many thinkers expressed different opinions on the social changes at that time from different standpoints and angles, resulting in various theories such as Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Law, and the academic culture was prosperous. This is "a hundred schools of thought contend", which has a far-reaching impact on the future development of China culture.
12, a hundred schools of thought contend is the floorboard of various schools from pre-Qin to early Han Dynasty. The philosophers refer to the representatives of various factions, such as Confucius and Mencius of Confucianism and Laozi of Taoism. Hundred schools refer to various schools, such as Confucianism, Taoism and so on.
13, Lao Zi, Li Er, also known as Lao Dan, was a thinker and founder of Taoism in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC). Later, he was honored as the ancestor of Taoism and the founder of Taoism.
14, Lao Tzu regards Tao as the creator and ultimate source of all things in the universe. His theory was recorded in Laozi, which had a great influence on the development of China culture.
15, Confucius, named Zhong Ni, was born in the late Spring and Autumn Period and was the founder of Confucianism (left). He advocated "benevolence" and "self-denial and courtesy", initiated the atmosphere of private lectures, and advocated the rule of virtue and enlightenment in politics. In his later years, he edited The Book of Songs, Shangshu and Chunqiu.
16. After the Han Dynasty, Confucianism became the orthodoxy of feudal culture, and Confucius was honored as a "saint". Confucius thought has a profound influence on the cultural and psychological quality of the Chinese nation in many aspects. With a broad mind and an inclusive mind, the cultures of all ethnic groups will continue to exchange and integrate.
17, Zhuangzi, philosopher in the Warring States Period. He emphasized the self-development of things, denied the domination of God, and advocated the carefree self-satisfaction through "forgetting", and put forward the view that "my life is limited, but my knowledge is also limited". His works include Zhuangzi. The picture on the right shows the carefree tour painted by Ren Xiong in Qing Dynasty, which shows the situation of "Zhuang Sheng carefree tour" and "Lao Zi guarding Yuan Mo".
18, Mencius, Mingke, was born in the Warring States Period. He developed Confucius' theory of "benevolence" into the theory of "benevolent government", expounded the Confucian thought of attaching importance to the people, and suggested that rulers attach importance to the people. His theory has a great influence on the development of Confucianism in later generations, and his works include Mencius.
19, Taoism, a school centered on preaching the theory of "Tao" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This school regards "Tao" as the origin of all things in the universe and advocates nature. The main representatives are Laozi and Zhuangzi, so they are also called "the study of Zhuangzi". The influence of Taoism on China culture is second only to that of Confucianism.
20. Confucianism was a school that respected Confucius' theory and advocated "courtesy, joy, benevolence and righteousness" during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. This school pays attention to the cultivation of ethics and morality, advocates "loyalty and forgiveness" and "moderation", and advocates "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government". Confucius is the founder of this school. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism became the orthodox ideology in China feudal society, and ruled China Thought for two thousand years.
2 1, ancient thinkers in China saw that all phenomena have positive and negative sides, so they used the concept of Yin and Yang to explain the two opposing and declining material forces in nature, regarded the alternation of Yin and Yang as the fundamental law of the universe, and used Yin and Yang as a metaphor for social phenomena, which extended to the relationship between the upper and lower, the monarch and the people, and the husband and wife.
22. The "five elements" take water, fire, wood, gold and earth as the elements that make up everything, so as to illustrate the origin and diversity of everything in the world. Later, according to the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements, people made some practical observations and summarized their experiences, which played a certain role in the development of ancient astronomy, chemistry, calendar calculation and medicine in China.
23. "gossip" is also called "classics". The eight diagrams in Zhouyi symbolize heaven, earth, thunder, wind, water, fire, mountains and mountains, and each divination symbolizes many things. The sixty-four hexagrams in the Book of Changes are composed of overlapping gossip. The combination principle of these abstract symbols was used in many concrete methods in ancient China.
24. Le Gan Tan is a documentary work of reasoning and persuasion written by Hong Yingming in his later years of Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368- 1644). It is a collection of aphorisms and aphorisms about self-cultivation, treating people and dealing with things. The wonderful theory of this book is about the profound truth of self-cultivation and governing the country with the family.
25. Confucian classics, The Analects of Confucius, The University, The Doctrine of the Mean and Mencius, have been called the "Four Books" since the Southern Song Dynasty and are the basis of the imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
26. The Five Classics was established in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, referring to Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Chunqiu. The Four Books and the Five Classics have preserved rich historical materials and philosophical thoughts in ancient China, which have important literary value.
27. Xiuqi Zhiping is a Confucian term, which is the abbreviation of self-cultivation, family harmony, governing the country and leveling the world. Confucianism advocates the ideal from near to far, from person to person, from "self-cultivation" and "leveling the world", forming the whole ethical and political philosophy system. Divorced from the law of life in agricultural society; Ancestor worship ceremony and family reunion in festival activities have traces of ancestor worship, which embodies the ethical characteristics of China festivals. At the same time, China's holiday customs pursue peace and auspiciousness, drive away evil spirits and eliminate disasters, and many festival activities tend to avoid evil spirits, reflecting some relations with ancient taboos.
28. The unity of man and nature is one of the characteristics of China's ancient philosophy. Emphasizing the unity of "heaven", "man", "nature" and "man-made" is the ideological realm of China ancient people's pursuit of harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
29. Filial piety is an ancient moral code in China, which mainly refers to filial piety to parents and respect for elders.
30. "Worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world" is a famous sentence written by Fan Zhongyan (pictured left) in The Story of Yueyang Tower in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 960- 1 127), which shows a noble mind of worrying about the country and the people, putting oneself before others and being selfless.
3 1, "cautious independence" is a Confucian term, which means that when you are alone, you should be cautious and conform to moral standards. Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties regards "cautious independence" as one of the important cultivation methods.
32. Taoism was a religion that rose among the people in China during the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-220). It originated from Taoist thought and immortal magic in the Warring States period, and was worshipped by Huangdi and Laozi as the leaders.
33. Confucianism, also known as "Confucianism", is a feudal ruler who sanctified Confucius and regarded Confucius as a religion to safeguard his rule. It, together with Buddhism and Taoism, is called the three major religions in China.
34. Buddhism was introduced to China in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 25) and reached its peak in the Sui Dynasty (AD 58 1-6 18) and the Tang Dynasty (AD 6 18-907). After the Song Dynasty, some basic teachings of Buddhism were absorbed by Confucianism. Buddhism has a certain influence on China's philosophy, literature, art and folk customs.
35. Zhu (A.D.11279) (pictured right), a philosopher and educator in the Southern Song Dynasty, made different contributions to Confucian classics, history, literature, music and natural science, and established a complete system of Neo-Confucianism in philosophy. He has been engaged in education for more than 50 years, emphasizing heuristic education methods. Zhang Ming-ming (A.D. 1368- 1644) and Qing Dynasty (A.D.1644-1911), as masters of Neo-Confucianism, were referred to as authentic Confucianism, and their elaborate style of study was of great significance to future generations.
36. The emergence and evolution of national festivals in China are closely related to ancient agricultural production, ancestor worship and primitive taboos. The festival itself reflects the law of life in agricultural society. The ancestor worship ceremony and the joy of family reunion in the festival activities have traces of ancestor worship, which reflects the ethical characteristics of festivals in China. At the same time, China's holiday customs pursue peace, thinking, dispelling diseases and eliminating disasters, and many holiday activities avoid disasters, reflecting some relations with ancient taboos.
37. The biggest and most solemn traditional festival in China is the Spring Festival, which falls on the first day of the first lunar month every year. Various activities of the Spring Festival began on New Year's Eve the day before, including posting Spring Festival couplets, setting off firecrackers, eating New Year's Eve, observing the New Year's Eve, worshipping heaven and earth, and greeting each other among ancestors, relatives and friends.
On the fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar calendar, lanterns are put off, which is called Lantern Festival or Lantern Festival. On this day, people have the habit of watching lanterns and eating Yuanxiao.
39. Tomb-Sweeping Day, usually around April 5th of the Gregorian calendar, is the only traditional festival in China that incorporates solar terms. On this day, people often go to the grave to worship their ancestors and go for an outing in the suburbs.
40. The fifth day of the fifth lunar month is the Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanyang Festival or May Festival, which is said to have evolved in memory of the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (left). People have the custom of racing dragon boats and eating zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival.
4 1. The seventh day of the seventh lunar month, also known as "Chinese Valentine's Day", is a unique love story or Valentine's Day in China, which originated from the legend of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl.
42. The 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the Mid-Autumn Festival. The custom of this festival is to enjoy the moon and eat moon cakes. People also call it "Reunion Festival".
43. Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are collectively called the three traditional festivals in China.
44. Double Ninth Festival, the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. The ancients took nine as the representative of yang number, and the two met, hence the name "Double Ninth Festival". The customs of Chongyang are mainly climbing mountains, enjoying chrysanthemums and drinking to ward off evil spirits. In Chinese mainland, the Double Ninth Festival has evolved into a festival to respect the elderly.
45. There are 56 ethnic minorities in China, and there are more than 1000 traditional festivals belonging to all ethnic groups. Festivals are mainly entertainment activities such as singing and dancing, entertainment and sports, with the nature of sacrifice, commemoration and celebration. National festivals are famous for the Songkran Festival and the Torch Festival.
46. The Water-splashing Festival is the biggest festival for Dai and Achang nationalities in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. During the Dai New Year, people splash clean water on each other to show that they can remove dirt and welcome an auspicious and happy New Year.
47. Torch Festival is a traditional grand festival for Bai, Yi, Lahu and Naxi nationalities. On June 24th of the lunar calendar, people set fire to a tree in the village open space, and the big and small torches were lit together. In addition to singing and dancing together, people walk around the ridge with small torches and sprinkle rosin powder on the torches as they walk. Legend has it that this can burn insects and kill insects and ensure a bumper harvest of rice.
48. In China's ancient beliefs, most people believed that heaven and earth were the most sacred. The gods are called "the God of the Emperor" and the God of the Earth is called "the land after the Emperor", which are collectively called "the land after the Emperor". If people want to have a good harvest, avoid disasters and seek happiness, and enjoy Kang Tai, they must worship the God of heaven and earth. This is people's worship of heaven and earth.
49. Ancestors are the foundation of human continuity. In the early years of the Zhou Dynasty (about 65438 BC+065438 BC+256 BC), the patriarchal clan system was formed and ancestor worship was institutionalized. Since then, not only emperors, officials and people have offered sacrifices to their ancestors. Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace is the ancestral temple where the Ming and Qing emperors sacrificed their ancestors (right).
50. Worship of heaven and earth, ancestor worship and monarch worship are called the three great worships of China people. In fact, "saints" refer to people who have made outstanding contributions in historical development. "Jun" refers to emperors of past dynasties, and "Shi" refers to saints who can be teachers for future generations. Traditionally, it refers to Confucius and Guan Gong.
5 1, "Mazu belief" is very popular on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, especially in Taiwan Province Province, where the belief in Mazu has a long history. Mazu, also known as Tian Fei, Tianhou and Tianhou Niangniang, is regarded as a sea god by both sides. Actually, she was a woman in the early Song Dynasty, surnamed Lin, and now she is from Meizhou Island, Putian City, Fujian Province. She is good at observing the weather and can predict the wind and waves at sea, which saves local fishermen from many shipwrecks. After her death, she was regarded as a god and offered fireworks.
52. Before the formation of monogamy, the ancient marriage system in China experienced a long evolution and development. In the old society, marriage had to go through "parents' orders and matchmakers' words", and there were "six rituals" when getting married: drawing lots, asking names, Najib, accepting levies, inviting parties and welcoming relatives.
53. In ancient China, after the groom took the bride home, a wedding ceremony was held. He wants to worship heaven and earth and the temple, and then the husband and wife worship each other. Finally, they drank wine, which is also called a toast. Later, it developed into a ceremony of tying temples, that is, husband and wife sat side by side with their heads tied together, from which the word "married couple" came.
54. A custom called "stringing girls" is widely popular in ethnic minority areas in central and southern China, such as Hani, Dai, Wa, Bulang, Jingpo and Naxi, in which young men talk about love with girls and choose their spouses by singing and talking.
55. The modern custom of robbing a marriage, which is popular among Wa, Dai, Miao and Yi ethnic minorities, is only a wedding ceremony, and the procedure and content are established, that is, fake robbing a marriage. Prior to this, the two sides have changed the wedding and determined the date of the wedding. On the wedding day, the man organized a group of people to "rob" the bride to go home, the bride shouted for help, and the woman's family made a fake chase.
56. Yi and Bai people in Yunnan and Tujia people in Xiangxi all have the custom of "crying and marrying". Before the bride gets married, her parents, bridesmaids or girlfriends shed tears with her, which is actually a tearful duet. Generally, it is to express feelings for parents, girlfriends and hometown, or to thank parents for their kindness.
57. Dragon is an elusive deity in the ancient traditional culture of China, which makes people feel mysterious and worshipped at the same time. Feudal emperors regarded it as their own incarnation and called themselves "the real dragon emperor"; Ordinary people regard him as a god and show great piety. After thousands of years of evolution, the dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation, and China people at home and abroad call themselves "descendants of the dragon".
58. The image of the dragon is depicted as "horns like deer, head like camel (or horse), eyes like ghost (or shrimp), neck like snake, belly like dragonfly, scales like fish, claws like eagle, hands like tiger and ears like ox" (left). Dragon has gradually become the spiritual symbol of the enterprising spirit of the Chinese nation, which has produced a "dragon culture" with rich connotation, profound thought, strong appearance, dynamic and aesthetic feeling.
59. Phoenix is one of the auspicious animals of the Chinese nation. Phoenix is the enrichment and development of bird totem, and it is also created by people with the help of imagination. It is regarded as a symbol of kindness, morality and world peace.
60. Kirin is another auspicious animal of the Chinese nation. It is generally believed that it evolved from deer and its kind and has the symbolic significance of unity and peace. Later, people used Kirin as a metaphor for outstanding people and called smart children "Kirin".
6 1. Turtles are real animals. They can bear loads, live long and predict good or bad luck, so they become the spirits of auspicious animals. Since the Han Dynasty, "turtle dragon" has been used as a metaphor for heroism and "turtle age" as a metaphor for old age.
62. In the long-standing traditional culture of the Chinese nation, people like to mention pine and bamboo that never wither in winter and are evergreen all the year round, as well as plum blossoms that stand proudly and bloom, and call them "three friends of the old cold".
63. The habit of drinking tea originated in China, and tea is still one of the three major drinks in the world. Lu Yu's Tea Classic in Tang Dynasty is the earliest monograph on tea in China. Lu Yu was therefore honored as "Cha Sheng" and "tea fairy".
64. The purpose of Lu Yu's Tea Classic lies in quality, that is, paying attention to the fun rather than the function of tea. This is also the soul of China tea culture.
There are many kinds of tea. The big varieties are black tea, green tea, oolong tea, scented tea, white tea and pressed tea.
66. There are many famous teas in China. Qimen black tea is the best in black tea. Among green teas, West Lake Longjing, Suzhou Biluochun, Huangshan Mao Feng and Luan Guapian are the most famous. Fujian Wuyi Rock Tea is the best oolong tea. Fujian jasmine tea is the "champion" of scented tea; Bai Hao Silver Needle is the top grade of white tea.
China's food culture is world-famous. From the comparison of Chinese and western food cultures, western cooking embodies nature, and the structure of dishes and the composition of food are considered from the perspective of nutrition. China's cooking is embodied in art, paying more attention to the external expression and taste of dishes from the aspects of color, aroma, taste and shape.
Generally speaking, China's "eight major cuisines" refer to Shandong cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Guangdong cuisine, Hunan cuisine, Fujian cuisine and Jiangsu cuisine, mainly Huaiyang cuisine, Zhejiang cuisine and Anhui cuisine. The famous "Beijing Roast Duck" originated in Shandong, "Long Hudou" is a famous dish in Guangdong, and "Buddha jumps over the wall" comes from Fujian cuisine.
69, China people's names are surname first, first name last. Surname, a racial appellation representing blood relationship, originated from matriarchal clan society. According to traditional customs, people in China usually take their father's surname, but some take their mother's surname. A name, a symbol representing a person, indicates a specific meaning or good wishes.
70. There are many Han surnames in China. In the Northern Song Dynasty, some people collected and counted surnames and compiled them into a book "Hundred Surnames", which was easy to read and remember, and became popular in the future, so that it was used as a literacy textbook. In fact, Hundred Surnames has more than 100 surnames, and this book has more than 500 surnames. In fact, there are thousands of surnames in China.
7 1, the source of China's surname is quite complicated, mainly including: first, the earliest surname, that is, the real surname, such as Yao and Jiang; The second is to think of surnames, such as Lu and Song; Third, take official positions as surnames, such as Shi and Sima; Fourth, take the names or words of ancestors as surnames, such as Niu and Guan; Fifth, ranking is the surname, such as Meng and Ji; In addition, there are surnames transformed from titles such as title, posthumous title, residence, occupation, things, taboos and ethnic minorities.
72. China's arts and crafts in the past dynasties were exquisitely produced, with excellent national traditions and local styles. They are treasures in China's cultural and artistic treasures, such as bronzes and jade carvings in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, lacquerware in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, silk fabrics in the Han and Tang Dynasties, embroidery in the Song Dynasty, porcelain and cloisonne in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, etc. , deeply loved by the domestic people, enjoys a high reputation in the world. (right)
73. Weaving and embroidery techniques in China are varied and colorful. Embroidery has a history of more than 3000 years. The famous varieties are Jiangsu Suzhou embroidery, Hunan embroidery, Guangdong embroidery and Sichuan embroidery, which are collectively called "Four Famous Embroideries".
74. Generally speaking, the ancient buildings in China are mainly wood structures, supplemented by materials such as bricks, tiles and stones. Its main structure is to erect multi-layer wooden beams above the front and rear wooden columns, and then erect wooden purlins along the vertical direction of the beams. There is a "bucket arch" under the rafters, which is a unique part of oriental architecture. From the appearance, the ancient architecture consists of three parts: upper, middle and lower.
75. China Wushu, known as China Kung Fu abroad, is a national sport that takes offensive and defensive fighting actions such as kicking, hitting, throwing, taking, hitting and stabbing as raw materials, fights according to certain rules, or drills with various routines of unarmed equipment. Famous unarmed boxing methods include Shaolin Boxing and wudang boxing.
76. Peking Opera is a typical representative of many operas in China. The artistic forms or means of Peking Opera performance are mainly singing, reading, doing and playing, forming a very harmonious whole. The roles of Beijing opera are divided into life, Dan, Jing, beauty and ugliness. The repertoire of Beijing Opera is very rich, with more than 5,000 traditional scripts. The most influential operas are Three Kingdoms Opera, Yang Jiajiang Opera and Red Chamber Opera.
77. Mei Lanfang (pictured left) is a famous Peking Opera performer in China, who has formed his own unique artistic style and founded the "Mei" school with far-reaching influence. Three famous actors who are equally famous with Mei Lanfang, namely Cheng (acting), Xun Huisheng (acting as Ling Xiang) and Shang Xiaoyun (acting as SJGH), are collectively called the "Four Famous Dancers" in Beijing Opera.
78. Crosstalk is a popular art form of rap and a language art with dramatic style. It absorbs the advantages of other arts in speaking, learning, teasing and singing, and focuses on speaking. The art of cross talk is characterized by laughter, and cross talk is not counted without laughter. The laughingstock of cross talk art comes from its special artistic means-shaking the "burden", that is, making ridiculous things suddenly appear in front of the audience and make the audience laugh.
79. The Southern Opera is the earliest official drama in China. Born in Wenzhou, a prosperous business district at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, it developed from a neighborhood singer and gradually spread to vast areas in the south. Singing forms include solo and chorus, and the stage atmosphere is lively and warm.
80. Chinese painting is one of the essences of traditional culture in China. In art, it is essentially different from western painting. Chinese painting pays attention to "spirit likeness", gives priority to freehand brushwork, and pays attention to expressing the artistic conception and interest pursued by painters. Painters in China often paint with poems and prints, and calligraphy is the most important.
8 1. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, there were a group of painters selling paintings in Yangzhou. They are mainly freehand flowers, freely expressing their spirit and daring to break through the shackles of tradition. They were regarded as "deviant teachers" and "monsters" by the orthodox school at that time. Among them, the most representative are Wang, Huang Shen, Jin Nong, Gao Xiang, Li, Zheng Xie, Li and so on. Later, it was called "Yangzhou Eight Eccentrics".
82. Among the Eight Eccentrics in Yangzhou, Zheng Xie and Zheng Banqiao are the most influential. His poems, essays, words and songs are all well written, and his calligraphy is also very distinctive, but his paintings are the most famous. At that time, people praised him for his "three wonders" (painting, poetry and books) and "three truths" (true spirit, true meaning and true interest). Zheng Banqiao is famous for painting orchids, bamboos and stones. His paintings fully reflect his thoughts and personality, and his images are rich and varied and extremely vivid.
83. Ancient musical instruments in China were divided into four categories: playing, pulling, playing and playing. They were made of eight materials, namely gold, stone, earth, wood, leather, silk and bamboo, and were called "eight tones" in history. The famous bell of Ceng Houyi unearthed in Hubei belongs to gold in the eight-tone system and is a percussion instrument. Copper bells of different sizes are used to display sound quality.
84. There are 56 ethnic groups in China, all of which have a large number of folk songs with their own characteristics. Among them, Han folk songs have the largest number and the widest distribution, which are mainly divided into three categories: songs, folk songs and minor. Northern folk songs are famous for their boldness and boldness, while southern folk songs are famous for their euphemism and beauty. Folk songs of ethnic minorities are even more colorful.
85. hymns are folk songs written and sung in the process of labor, which are directly combined with productive labor. Generally, it has simple and direct performance characteristics and a solid and powerful, rough and heroic style. Its music rhythm is consistent with the labor rhythm, and the rhythm is distinct. Such as the song of Chuanjiang boatman in Sichuan.