The physiological functions of essence in kidney include kidney yin and kidney yang: kidney yin, also known as Yuan Yin and true yin, has nourishing, moistening and calming effects on various organs of the body; Kidney yang, also known as Yuan Yang and Zhen Yang, plays a role in promoting, warming and exciting various organs of the body. It can be seen that both kidney yin and kidney yang are based on the essence of kidney, which restrict and coordinate with each other and maintain the normal physiological function of kidney.
The common syndromes of kidney are kidney yin deficiency, kidney yang deficiency, kidney essence deficiency, kidney qi instability and kidney qi failure.
The basis of kidney yin deficiency is the symptoms of kidney deficiency and internal heat due to yin deficiency, such as soreness of waist and knees, dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia and dreaminess, male yang is strong, nocturnal emission, female menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, emaciation, hot flashes, night sweats, throat fever, red cheekbones, yellow stool, red tongue, little body fluid and pulse.
Kidney-yang deficiency is based on kidney deficiency with body deficiency and cold. Such as soreness of waist and knees, chills of limbs, mental fatigue, pale complexion, pale and fat tongue, white and wet fur, weak pulse, etc. Or men are impotent and afraid of cold, and women are infertile due to palace cold (yang deficiency and fire failure, agitation and weakness); Or defecation for a long time, indigestion, diarrhea of five exterior surfaces (fire does not produce soil, spleen transport loses health); Or edema, especially lower limbs, can not afford to press (kidney yang deficiency, qi deficiency, excessive water and dampness), palpitation and cough (water vapor attacking the heart and shooting the lungs) and other symptoms.
Deficiency of kidney essence is based on growth retardation, reproductive dysfunction and premature aging of adults (kidney deficiency without obvious symptoms of cold and heat). For example, children are slow in growth and development, short in stature, slow in intelligence and movement, close the chimney door late, and have weak bones. Male infertility caused by oligozoospermia, female infertility caused by amenorrhea and sexual hypofunction. Adult premature senility, toothache, tinnitus and deafness, forgetfulness and trance, slow movement, weakness of foot fistula, mental retardation, etc.
Kidney qi is not solid, and the key point of syndrome differentiation is generally that the fixation function of kidney and bladder decreases. Such as soreness of the waist and knees, frequent and clear urination, endless urination, incontinence or increased nocturia. Male nocturnal emission and premature ejaculation, loose leucorrhea in female, or greasy fetal movement, pale tongue with white fur and weak pulse.
Kidney does not accept qi, and the key points of syndrome differentiation are chronic cough and asthma, breathing more and inhaling less, and qi can not be continued and often aggravated. Those who are prone to kidney-yang failure and can't absorb qi often have aggravated wheezing, cold sweat dripping, cold limbs, and large and rootless pulse; People who are partial to kidney yin deficiency and can't absorb qi, every time they see shortness of breath, red face and upset, dry throat and mouth, red tongue with little coating and thready pulse.
In recent decades, many scholars have used modern scientific research methods to explore the essence of TCM kidney. The results show that the so-called essence of kidney in traditional Chinese medicine is similar to the function of hormone (endocrine) in modern medicine. It is found that the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and target gland of patients with kidney-yang deficiency have different degrees and different links of dysfunction, and most of them are hypofunction of adrenal cortex, thyroid gland or gonad. Autopsy found that the anterior pituitary, adrenal cortex, testis, ovary and other glands of patients with kidney deficiency had obvious degenerative diseases, which confirmed the above view from the morphological point of view.